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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional coupling to brush border creatine kinase imparts a selective energetic advantage to contractile ring myosin in intestinal epithelial cells (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 21 (1992), S. 38-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: energy circuit ; intestinal epithelium ; B-CK isozyme ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The B-CK isozyme of cytoplasme creatine kinase is localized distinctly in the terminal web region of the intestinal epithelial cell brush border (Keller and Gordon: Cell Motil. Cytoskeletoa 19:169-179, 1991). Experiments were performed to determine whether this CK is energetically coupled to the myosin II that is present in the circumferential ring and interrootlet structural domains of the brush border terminal web. In isolated brush borders, ATP-dependent circumferential ring contraction and interrootlet myosin solubilization were supported either by an exogenous PEP-pyruvate kinase-based ATP-regeneration system (PEP-PK) or by the addition of phosphocreatine to the endogenous B-CK-based ATP-regeneration system (PCr-B-CK). Addition of an exogenous hexokinase-glucose ATP-hydrolysis system (HK-G) effectively blocked both contraction and myosin solubilization in the PEP-PK assay. In contrast, HK-G had no significant effect on PCr-B-CK-supported brush border contraction, although it did inhibit interrootlet myosin solubilization. Thus, when high-energy phosphate is supplied as phos-phocreatine, brush border B-CK imparts to the circumferential ring myosin a selective energetic advantage over other ATPases. These results suggest that myosin and B-CK are functionally coupled in the brush border circumferential ring, where they might comprise one end of an energy circuit that supplies energy for contraction, but that colocalizaton of CK with myosin in the brush border interrootlet domain is insufficient to establish functional coupling.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970210105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrete subcellular localization of a cytoplasmic and a mitochondrial isozyme of creatine kinase in intestinal epithelial cells (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 19 (1991), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: immunolocalization ; brush border ; intestinal epithelium ; B-CK ; Mi-CK ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two isozymes of creatine kinase have been purified differentially from mitochondrial and cytoplasmic subfractions of intestinal epithelial cells. These intestinal epithelial cell creatine kinases were indistinguishable from the cytoplasmic (B-CK) and mitochondrial (Mi-CK) creatine kinase isozymes of brain when compared by SDS-PAGE, cellulose polyacetate electrophoresis, and peptide mapping. In intestinal epithelial cells, immunolocalization of the Mi-CK isozyme indicates that it is associated with long, thin mitochondria, which are excluded from the brush border at the apical end of each cell. In contrast, immunolocalization of the B-CK isozyme indicates that it is concentrated distinctly in the brush border terminal web domain. Although absent from the microvilli, B-CK also is distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm. Terminal web localization of B-CK was maintained in glycerol-permeabilized cells and in isolated brush borders, indicating that B-CK binds to the brush border structure. The abundance and localization of the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic creatine kinase isozymes suggest that they are part of a system that temporally and/or spatially buffers dynamic energy requirements of intestinal epithelial cells.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970190305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the tegument of Tylocephalum metacestodes: With emphasis on a new type of microvilliThis research was supported in part by a grant (Contract 14-17-007-662G) from the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Department of the Interior, and in part by a grant from the NIH Institutional Biomedical Research Fund, University of Hawaii. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 130 (1970), S. 11-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscope studies on Tylocephalum metacestodes embedded in the tissues of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, have revealed that the tegument of the larval tapeworm is comprised of an external and an internal level which are partially separated by a basal lamina and two layers of muscles. The outer tegumentary level is comprised of an anucleate, cytoplasmic syncytium in which are embedded large and small vesicles and mitochondria. Surfacial hooks are also embedded therein. The internal level is comprised of relatively large discrete cells including mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and large and small vesicles. These cells are intermittently connected with the external level by cytoplasmic bridges.Arising from the external level are unusual microvilli each of which terminates as a spherical vesicle. The stem of each microvillus is covered by a unit membrane which is continuous with that overlaying the body surface. In addition, each microvillus includes an external layer of medium electron density, a medial layer of intense electron density, and a core of heterogenous, medium electron density. These structures may be intertwined and bundles can be observed at the light microscope level as fibril-like projections from the parasite's body surface. One of their possible functions may be to prevent intimate contact between the encapsulating fibers of host origin and the parasite's body surface. In addition, the contraction and distention of the circular muscles result in microvillar movement which may keep the surrounding host fluids, including those of nutritional importance to the parasite, in a state of flux thus hypothetically permitting more uniform uptake.The abundance of vesicles in the syncytial external level of the tegument appears to be characteristic of the more primitive marine cestodes belonging to the orders Trypanorhyncha and Lecanicephala.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051300104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of oral function in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 165 (1980), S. 237-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The oral apparatus of neonatal and juvenile golden hamsters was investigated by clearing and staining of whole crania, videotaping of behavior, and electromyography of several jaw muscles. Chewing developed during the first postnatal week and matured in the second; however, suckling was still the primary mode of feeding. Micromovements of the jaws occurred early when the osseous skeleton and joints developed. Macromovements correlated well with EMG records and were limited to jaw opening at birth. Muscles of the oral floor generated large bursts of activity during jaw opening and tongue protrusion from 0 days postnatal (dpn), when simple and stereotyped gaping was induced, until 14 dpn, when movements were spontaneous and not stereotyped nor inducible. However, adductor muscle activity was brief, low in amplitude, and primarily involved with jaw stabilization until 4 dpn, when these muscles became active during closing the jaws; closing activity increased in frequency and amplitude until the end of the second week. Development of frequent, coordinated macromovements of chewing was associated with the refinement of joint structure and dental occlusion and with the growth of the craniofacial skeleton. Jaw movements and associated EMG's correlated better with available data on development of neural circuitry than with that for musculoskeletal development.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051650303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The musculature of the papuan frog Phrynomantis stictogaster (Anura, Microhylidae) (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 175 (1983), S. 307-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The musculature of Phrynomantis stictogaster, a burrowing Papuan microhylid frog, of the subfamily Asterophryinae, is described and compared with accounts of other frogs. P. stictogaster exhibits unusual characters: dense musculature investing an entirely adherent tongue; exceptionally massive jaw musculature; and hitherto underscribed attachments of some muscles in the manus and pes. The presence of an accessory tendon to the M. glutaeus magnus and the pattern of distal thigh tendons confirm previous diagnosis of the Microhylidae, but the presence of an accessory head to M. adductor magnus is a condition previously not noted in the family. Features of the hyoid, pectoral, and thigh muscles resemble those of members of the subfamilies Dyscophinae, Microhylinae, and Spenophryninae.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051750308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innate phagocytosis in the trematodes Megalodiscus temperatus and Haematoloechus sp.This research was made possible in part by grant E-3443 from the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health and in part by a grant from the Lafayette College Research Fund. A contribution from the Laboratory of Parasitology and Invertebrate Zoology, Jenks Biological Laboratories, Lafayette College. (1963)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 113 (1963), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051130305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lanthanum-induced alterations of cellular electrolytes in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: A new view (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 80 (1972), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have shown previously that Ehrlich ascites tumor cells maintained at room temperature under an oxygen atmosphere lose Na+, K+ and Cl- isosmotically when exposed to La+++ (0.1 to 1.0 mM). Concomitant with these changes there is an increase in the recorded membrane potential (increasing intracellular negativity). The present studies further characterize the effect of La+++ on electrolyte distribution. Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were maintained at 0.5° C to permit Na+ gain and K+ loss. The addition of 1 mM La+++ to low temperature cells induces rapid loss of Na+, K+ and Cl-. This net loss of cellular electrolytes occurs even in cells depleted of ATP content using 2-deoxyglucose (5 mM) and rotenone (10-6 M). Analysis of the appearance of tracer 22Na in the environment of cells preloaded with the radioisotope shows that La+++-induced changes in membrane permeability or in active ion transport mechanisms are not responsible for the dramatic loss of electrolytes from experimental cells. The electrolyte loss occurs only when the cells are resuspended mechanically during the washing procedure used to prepare the cells for electrolyte determination.We conclude that the results of La+++ interaction with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells are twofold. As we have previously reported, La+++ stabilizes and causes a hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. Secondly, La+++ predisposes the cell membrane to become highly permeable when subjected to mechanical stress.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040800116
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of fucose and glucosamine into cell bound and medium released macromolecules (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 85 (1975), S. 557-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: (1) Determinations were carried out on the incorporation of fucose-6-[3H] and glucosamine-6- [3H] into trichloracetic acid insoluble macromolecules which remained bound to the cells or were released into the medium of chick embryo muscle cell cultures. The radioactivity determined in the medium was corrected for unspecific binding of label to components of the medium. (2) During an incorporation period of six hours the incorporation per microgram DNA with fucose as label into cell bound macromolecules is about twice as high as the incorporation into macromolecules released into medium. With glucosamine about twice as much is incorporated into medium released than into the cell bound macromolecules. (3) The incorporation per microgram DNA increases during a culture period of three days but the increase ceases at different times during this culture period when determined with fucose or glucosamine or for cell bound and medium released material. (4) An increase in cell density increases the incorporation per DNA of fucose and to a much slighter extent that of glucosamine. Reduction of cell density by addition of cytosine arabinoside to the medium does not decrease the incorporation per microgram DNA. (5) The effect of changes of fibroblast/myoblast ratios on the incorporation of fucose and glucosamine were examined. No significant effect was observed for a ratio of 10-30% fibroblasts when control cultures or cultures after cell sedimentation were maintained in complete medium. Marked changes were observed after culture in medium without protein components. Under these conditions an increase in the fibroblast/myoblast ratios were observed as well as an increase in the incorporation of label into medium released and a decrease into cell bound macromolecules.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040850307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of Lanthanum on electrophoretic mobility and passive cation movements of the ehrlich ascites tumor cell (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 87 (1976), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the effects of La+3 binding to the surface of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells on cell electrophoretic mobility and passive movements of Na+ and K+. Incubation of tumor cells in La+3-containing media results in a La+3 concentration-dependent decrease in net surface charge negativity. At [La+3] greater than 0.5 mM, the net surface charge becomes positive with maximum positivity occurring at [La+3] = 0.9 mM. The effects of La+3 binding on passive Na+ and K+ movements were investigated by following 22Na and K+ losses from ouabain-inhibited cells. Neither low (0.02) nor high (1.0 mM) [La+3] had any effect on the K+ efflux rate coefficient. 22Na losses from control and La+3-treated cells were consistent with washouts from two cellular compartments. Low [La+3] (0.02 mM) was without effect on Na+ loss from the cells. However, higher [La+3] (1.0 mM) resulted in a 48% inhibition of Na+ loss from the more slowly exchanging compartment. These results are not consistent with simple electrostatic interactions exerting a major influence on the passive movements of Na+ and K+. It is suggested that La+3 interacts with sites specific for Na+, perhaps involved in a carrier-mediated exchange system.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040870107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passive cation movements in the ehrlich ascites tumor cell: The effects of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 87 (1976), S. 53-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the effects of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), an amino reactive reagent, on passive cation movements in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Incubation of tumor cells with TNBS (3 mM) results in a two phase association of TNBS with the cells. An initial, rapid phase, presumably at the level of the membrane, is independent of temperature, while the second phase increases linearly in time and is temperature dependent. Kinetic analyses of Na+ movements indicate that TNBS: (1) inhibits Na+ movement from a slowly exchanging cellular compartment, but is without effect on a more rapidly exchanging compartment; (2) does not alter net Na+ accumulation in transport-inhibited cells; and (3) is without effect on non-exchange Na+ efflux at 0°C. The actions of TNBS on K+ movements depend upon temperature and the continued presence of TNBS in the environment. At 22°C two minute exposure of the cells to TNBS leads to 77% inhibition of K+ efflux. With continued exposure to TNBS, the inhibition is only 42%. Reduction of the temperature to 0°C decreases K+ efflux in control cells by 82%. Two minute exposure to TNBS enhances K+ efflux by 50%, while continuous exposure increases it by 144%. These results suggest: (1) TNBS interacts with several classes of membrane sites which are involved with the regulation of passive cation movements; and (2) passive Na+ and K+ movements across the cell membrane proceed by different pathways.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040870108
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