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  • microporosity  (2)
  • 36.40  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 61.1.P ; 68.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fullerene powder mixtures with different C60/C70 ratios have been analyzed by a variety of techniques, and results have been compared. The fullerence mixtures have been characterized as solutions in n-hexane by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Thin films of fullerenes on Au(111) have been prepared from the mixtures by sublimation. The sublimation process has been studied by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. Thin fullerene films on Au(111) have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM images show primarily two types of ballshaped molecules arranged in a lattice with hexagonal symmetry (fcc(111) face, nearest neighbour distance: 1 nm). The two species differ in diameter. STM images of films made of mixtures of different C60/C70 ratios show that C70 molecules display a larger apparent diameter (0.8 nm) and corrugation than C60 molecules (0.7 nm). The C60/C70 ratios obtained by counting the corresponding molecular species in the STM images of the thin films are compared to the C60/C70 ratios determined by HPLC on hexane solutions of the mixtures. The observed differences might be explained by different rates of sublimation for the two species. The STM images reveal film defects (vacancies and boundaries) and dynamic processes (displacement of C70 molecules and vacancies). In films prepared to have a C60 coverage of less than one monolayer, stable structural units of the C60(111) surface consisting of three or seven C60 molecules are revealed by STM. Occasionally, substructure within individual fullerene molecules is observed.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Vanadium phosphate ; mixed valence compound V4+/V5+ ; microporosity ; disorder ; open framework ; crystal structure ; single crystal X-ray diffraction ; anti-Keggin group ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Das System Na/V/P/N(C2H5)3/H2O bei 473 K und die neue offene Struktur der Vanadiumphosphat-Phase Nav[((V4-w4+V1+w5+) O9)(PO4)2] · (PO4)x · (OH)y · zH2O (v = 2,8 bis 4,0; w = -0,1 bis 1,1; x = 0 bis 0,2; y = 0 bis 2,1; z = 7 bis 10)Eine Untersuchung des Na/V/P/N(C2H5)3/H2O-Systems bei 473 K unter hydrothermalen Bedingungen ergibt verschiedene Phasen im pH-Bereich von 2,65 bis 12. Bei niedrigen pH-Werten wurde die NaV4+OPO4-Phase erhalten. Im schwach sauren, neutralen und schwach basischen Bereich wurde die Nav[((V4-w4+V1+w5+) O9)(PO4)2] · (PO4)X · (OH)y · zH2O-Phase (oder kurz FVP-1) (mit v = 2.8 bis 4.0, w = -0.1 bis 1.1, x = 0 bis 0.2, y = 0 bis 2.1 and z = 7 bis 10) gefunden. Ihre Kristallstruktur wurde in der Raumgruppe Im3m mit a = 16.025 Å gelöst. Die Kristallstruktur enthält V4+V5+O9(PO4)2-Gruppen, in welchen die Vanadiumatome in quadratisch pyramidaler Koordination mit den Sauerstoffatomen vorliegen. Die Gruppen besitzen die Gestalt einer Pickelhaube, wobei die Spitze die Vanadylgruppe des zentralen V5+ Polyeders ist. Sie sind statistisch um eine Spiegelebene angeordnet und bilden eine V10/2O18/2(PO4)2-Gruppe. Diese sind über die Phosphattetraeder miteinander verknüpft und bilden dabei ein offenes poröses Gerüst, das die Topologie des NbO-Netzes hat. Das Gerüst hat einen freien mittleren Kanaldurchmesser von 4.1 Å und eine Dichte von 10.2 Vanadium- und Phosphatpolyedern pro 1000 Å3. Dieses und zwei verwandte kürzlich gefundene Strukturen sind mikroporöse Gerüste mit der bisher größten gefundenen Porösität. Kein Aluminosilicat oder Aluminophosphat mit einem ähnlich großen Porenanteil ist bisher bekannt geworden. Die FVP-1 Phase kollabiert nicht beim Heizen in Luft bis 523 K und im Vakuum bis 623 K. Sie dehydratisiert und rehydratisiert reversibel. Redoxtitrationen von 19 Proben zeigten, daß das V4+/V5+ Verhältnis zwischen 4.1(2)/0.9(2) un d2.9(2)/2.1(2) variiert. Synthesen mit V25+O5 als Vanadiumquelle ergaben kleinere V4+/V5+ Verhältnisse als solche mit V4+OSO4. Die Tatsache, daß FVP-1 Unordnungserscheinungen zeigt, macht es möglicherweise für katalytische Anwendungen interessant.
    Notes: An examination of the Na/V/P/N(C2H5)3/H2O system at 473 K under hydrothermal conditions yields several different phases in the pH range of 2.65 to 12. At low pH values a NaV4+OPO4 phase was obtained. In the weakly acid, neutral or low basic pH ranges the Nav[((V4-w4+V1+w5+) O9)(PO4)2] · (PO4)x · (OH)y · zH2O (or FVP-1 for short) phase was found (with v = 2.8 to 4.0, w = -0.1 to 1.1, x = 0 to 0.2, y = 0 to 2.1 and z = 7 to 10). Its crystal structure was solved in space group Im3m with a = 16.025 Å. It contains V44+V5+O9(PO4)2 groups in which the vanadium atoms have a square pyramidal coordination of oxygen atoms in the shape of a spiked helmet, where the spike is the vanadyl group of the central V5+ coordination polyhedron. These groups are statistically arranged around a mirror plane yielding an V10/2O18/2(PO4)2 grouping and connect to form an open porous framework by bridging via the phosphate groups following the topology of the NbO type net. The framework has a mean free channel diameter of about 4.1 Å and a density of 10.2 vanadium and phosphorus polyhedra per 1000 Å3. This makes it, together with two other recently found related frameworks, the most open microporous framework described so far. No aluminosilicates or aluminophosphates of similar openness are known. In air the FVP-1 phase does not collapse when heated to 523 K, in vacuum it remains stable to 623 K. It dehydrates and rehydrates reversibly. Redox titrations of 19 samples show that the V4+/V5+ ratios vary from 4.1(2)/0.9(2) to 2.9(2)/2.1(2). Syntheses using V2O5 as a source of vanadium yield samples with lower V4+/V5+ ratios than those based on VOSO4. The fact that FVP-1 displays disorder makes the compound possibly interesting for potential catalytic applications.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36 (1997), S. 91-93 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: microporosity ; vanadium ; zeolites ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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