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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 14.60.Cd ; 25.70.Cd ; 25.70.Ef
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the results obtained from systematic studies of positron creation for a series of heavy-collision systems, with united chargeZ u =Z 1 +Z 2 ranging fromZ u =164 (Pb + Pb) toZ u =184 (U+U) at bombarding energies close to the Coulomb barrier, using the Orangeβ-spectrometer at GSI. For each collision system studied, the dominating continuous distributions due to quasiatomic and nuclear positron emission are determined accurately. This is essential in obtaining the characteristics of the still unexplained monoenergetic positron lines which appear in the energy range between 200 keV and 400 keV. Our results are compared with coupled-channels calculations for quasi-atomic positron creation. The latter describe quite well the global features of the measured spectra, but overestimate systematically their absolute values. From the comparison, a common normalization factor of about 0.75 can be established for the calculated spectra. In particular, the dependence onZ u of the measured emission probabilities was found to follow a power law (∝Z u 195±1), in fair agreement with the theoretical prediction.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 14.60.Cd ; 25.70.Cd ; 25.70.Ef
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the results obtained from a series of ρ+ρ−-coincidence measurements in heavy-ion collisions using the double-Orangeβ-spectrometer at GSI. The collision systems U+U, U+Pb, and U+Ta were investigated at bombarding energies close to and slightly above (U+Ta) the Coulomb barrier. For all systems studied, very narrow (FWHM−20 keV) ρ+ρ− lines were observed in the sum-energy spectra, with kinetic energies ranging from ∼555 keV to ∼810 keV, superimposed on a continuous distribution mainly due to uncorrelated ρ+ρ− emission. Particularly in the U+Ta system, a pronounced sum-energy line appears at ∼634 keV, predominantly in deep-inelastic collisions. In some cases (e.g. U+Pb) the line characteristics is consistent with a two-body decay mode of an emitter which moves with the c.m. velocity of the colliding ions. However, other lines, and in particular the 634 keV line (U+Ta), exhibit a rather isotropical opening-angle distribution whereas their energy is unequally shared between positrons and electrons, thus being in clear disagreement with this scenario. In general, the data preclude an emission from the separated (moving) nuclei, and, in the latter cases, provide evidence that the e+e−-pair decay occurs in the vicinity of the Coulomb field of a third heavy (positively charged) partner having only a small transverse velocity (|v|⊥〈0.02c)
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dinucleoside monophosphates bearing usual protecting groups at the exocyclic amino functions of the heterocyclic bases, the 5′-hydroxy group, the phosphate moiety and the O-6-position of the guanine ring have been analysed by FAB mass specrometry in the negative ion mode. These non-charged key intermediates for oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis exhibit very simple spectra in the mass range of m/z 400-1500 using tetra-ethylene glycol as matrix. Most of the observed ions could easily be assigned. Apart from deprotonated molecular ions sequence specific ions arising from C-O-P bond cleavage and ions derived from loss of protecting groups were observed. The simplicity of spectra interpretation makes FAB mass spectrometry to a rapid and valuable tool for unambiguous identification of dimeric synthons for oligonucleotide synthesis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 1 (1978), S. 69-71 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ; Capillary, glass/Varian, MAT 311A ; Separation and detection (El, Cl) of some roast coffee constituents ; Three new phenolic compounds found ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A roast coffee infusion (nicaragua arabica) was acidified (pH 1,5) with hydrochloric acid and extracted with diethyl ether in a perforator. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was treated with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide and analyzed by glass capillary GC/MS. The main components were identified by their electron impact and isobutane chemical ionization mass spectra. 1,2,4-trihydroxy benzene, 1-ethyl-3, 4-dihydroxy benzene and 2,3-dihydroxy toluene were identified as new constituents of roast coffee with possible emetic properties.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 415-416 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Volatile sulfur compounds from waste water ; Adsorption of air samples on tenax GC ; Mechanism of corrosion of concrete ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 404-410 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Multidimensional capillary columns ; Enantiomeric separations ; Intermediate trapping ; Mixed polarities ; Terpene alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 29 (1998), S. 525-536 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Temperature of cutting tools by thin filmsDuring the cutting process, cutting tools are exposed to complex mechanical, thermal, dynamic and tribological loads. Especially in the case of dry machining the demands on cutting tools are very high. Dry machining becomes more and more interesting because of tightened up ecolaws and increased costs for the handling of coolants. Due to a renunciation on coolants the cutting tools need to be modified to the process of dry machining. Thereby modern plasma and ion based surface technologies can be used to deposit a thin film adopting the functions of coolants, e.g. cooling and lubricating.In this research project several coating types, e.g. titanium and chromium based coatings, where developed and characterized regarding their mechanical, tribological and thermal properties. For the research, four partners collaborated permuting all steps of surface and coatings design. Materials Science Institute (WW), Aachen University of Technology, performed the development of PVD coatings and the thermophysical characterization by thermal wave analysis. Surface modifications of uncoated and coated tools by ion beam assisted deposition were carried out at Stiftung Institut für Werkstofftechnik (IWT), Bremen. To determine the cutting properties of coated tools, practical tests were performed at Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), Aachen University of Technology.
    Notes: Zerspanwerkzeuge sind während ihres Einsatzes einem komplexen und schwer zu erfassenden Beanspruchungskollektiv ausgesetzt. Dieses wird besonders durch die aus ökonomischen und ökologischen Gründen angestrebte Trockenzerspanung beeinflußt. Der vollständige Verzicht auf Kühlschmierstoffe bedeutet aus technologischer Sicht, daß Werkzeuge, Schneidstoffe und Zerspanoperationen auf die Bedingungen der Trockenzerspanung umgestellt werden müssen. Dabei bieten moderne ionen-und plasmagestütze Oberflächentechnologien insofern einen Lösungsansatz, daß durch Beschichtungen bzw. Oberflächenmodifikationen wichtige Aufgaben der Kühlschmiermittel durch den beschichteten Schneidstoff selbst übernommen werden können. Dies sind vor allem der Ersatz von Schmierung und Kühlung.Für den Bereich der Trockenzerspanung wurden im Rahmen eines Verbundvorhabens u.a Titanbasisschichten sowie Chrombasisschichten entwickelt und hinsichtlich der physikalischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Durch die enge Zusammenarbeit der beteiligten Forschungsstellen konnte das jeweils vorhandene Erfahrungspotential vollständig in die Schichtsystementwicklung einfließen. Diese umfaßte alle iterativen Schritte des Schichtmodifikation, begleitende Schichtanalytik bis hin zum Praxistest. So war beispielsweise das Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Werkstoffwissenschaften der RWTH Aachen für die Schichtentwicklung sowie fü die thermophysikalische Charakterisierung der Schichten zuständig. Die Stiftung Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Bremen, führte eine Optimierung der Interfaces und der Hartstoffschichten mittels ionenstrahlgestützter Beschichtungsverfahren durch. So konnte das Substrat vor bzw. die Hartstoffschicht nach der Beschichtung an den Anwendungsfall angepaßt werden. Die Untersuchung hinsichtlich der Praxistauglichkeit der beschichteten Schneidstoffe erfolgte am Werkzeugmaschinenlabor der RWTH Aachen durch entsprechende Zerspanversuche.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 378-384 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Glass capillaries for low volatile polar natural products analysis ; Application to N-TFA-dipeptide, TMS-ribose, TMS-manno-samin, peptide sequence analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two published procedures for glass capillary column production are applied to produce capillaries for chromatography of polar natural compounds. Soda lime glass capillaries, after leaching with aqueous HCL, are either treated with colloidal silicic acid or with barium carbonate and coated with either Silar 7CP or SE 52. A test mixture as well as polar carbohydrate and peptide mixtures are chromatographed on the different columns and their chromatographic properties are evaluated. Combined capillary gas chromatography-electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry are used for identification of the peptide sequence.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 24 (1993), S. 131-141 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Arc-PVD-Coating of Cemented Carbides and Analysis of their Functional Behaviour in Interrupted Cut MachiningInterrupted machining of quenched and tempered steel demands the application of tools with high resistance against mechanically and tribologically induced wear. These demands can not be fully satisfied by uncoated carbides. Also CVD-coatings give only some improvement due to a certain embrittlement of the substrate during the coating process. PVD-coatings deposited at low temperatures without affection of the substrate lower the influence of the relevant wear mechanisms preferably at moderate cutting speeds.The combination of tough substrates with structural and compositional optimized coatings results in a multiplication of tool life within the whole range of low and medium cutting speeds. Coatings with homogenious structure, compressive residual stresses and high content of metalloides ensure excellent resistance against wear.Titanium-carbonitride deposited on carbide was found to be superiour compared with other carbonitride, nitride and carbide coatings within the system Ti—Zr—C—N due to excellent tribological properties. It was optimal suited for the interrupted cut application.
    Notes: Die Zerspanung von höherfesten Stahlwerkstoffen in unterbrochenen Schnitten stellt an die Werkzeuge hohe mechanische und tribologische Anforderungen, denen unbeschichtete Hartmetalle in vielen Fällen nicht gerecht werden können. Während sich bei der Zerspanung von höherfestem Stahl in stark unterbrochenen Schnitten durch die CVD-Beschichtung von Hartmetallen auf-grund prozeßbedingter Versprödungseffekte kaum Leistungssteigerungen erzielen lassen, können PVD-Hartstoffbeschichtungen, die bei substratschonend niedrigen Prozeßtemperaturen abgeschieden werden, dem Auftreten der relevanten Schädigungsmechanismen besonders bei niedrigen und mittleren Schnittgeschwindigkeiten entscheidend entgegenwirken.Insbesondere mit zähen Substratsorten sowie mit strukturell und kompositionell optimierten Schichten können Standzeitvervielfachungen im gesamten unteren und mittleren Schnittgeschwindigkeitsbereich erzielt werden. Homogene Schichtstrukturen, hohe Druckeigenspannungen und hohe Metalloidgehalte der Hartstoff-schichten gewährleisten eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit. Titankarbonitrid zeichnet sich auf Hartmetallen gegenüber anderen karbonitridischen, nitridischen und karbidischen Schichten des Systems Ti—Zr—C—N durch ein besonders günstiges tribologisches Verhalten aus und hat sich als optimaler Beschichtungswerkstoff für unterbrochene Schnitte erwiesen.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 553-556 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Carbohydrate enantiomer separation ; New chiral stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New chiral polymers have been prepared by conversion of cyano groups of polysiloxanes XE-60 and OV-225 into carboxylic groups and subsequent coupling to give the respective S-valine-R-α-phenyl-ethyl amide. In contrast to the corresponding stationary phases with S-α-phenylethyl amide groups, which have been used for the resoultion of trifluoroacetylated hexose derivatives, the new phase show high enantioselectivity for pentose and 6-deoxyhexose derivatives.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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