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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (4)
  • 23Na NMR  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 679-684 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Sodium oxohydroxoaluminate hydrate ; Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] · 1.5 H2O ; crystal structure ; 27Al NMR ; 23Na NMR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of the Sodium Oxohydroxoaluminate Hydrate Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] · 1.5 H2OThe crystal structure of the sodium oxohydroxoaluminate hydrate Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] ·s 1.5 H2O (up to now described as Na2O · Al2O3 · 2.5 H2O and Na2O · Al2O3 · 3 H2O, respectively) was solved. The X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis (tetragonal, space group P-421m, a = 10.522(1) Å, c = 5.330(1) Å, Z = 4) results in a polymeric layered structure, consisting of AlO3/2(OH) tetrahedral groups. Between these layers the Na+ ions are situated, which form tetrameric groups of face-linked NaO6 octahedra. The involved O2- ions are due to Al—O—Al bridges, Al—OH groups and water of crystallization. 27Al and 23Na MAS NMR investigations confirm the crystal structure analysis. The relations between the crystallization behaviour of the compound and the constitution of the aluminate anions in the corresponding sodium aluminate solution and in the solid, respectively, are discussed.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur des Natriumoxohydroxoaluminathydrates Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] · 1,5 H2O - bisher in der Literatur als Na2O · Al2O3 · 2,5 H2O bzw. Na2O · Al2O3 · 3 H2O bezeichnet - wird bestimmt. Die Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse (tetragonal, Raumgruppe P-421m, a = 10,522(1) Å, c = 5,330(1) Å, Z = 4) ergibt eine aus AlO3/2(OH)-Tetraedern aufgebaute, polymere Schichtstruktur. Die zwischen den Schichten angeordneten Na+-Ionen bilden mit O2--Ionen von Al—O—Al-Brücken, Al—OH-Gruppen und von Kristallwasser NaO6-Oktaeder, die über gemeinsame Flächen zu tetrameren Baugruppen verknüpft sind. 27Al- und 23Na-MAS-NMR-Messungen bestätigen die Kristallstrukturanalyse. Die Beziehungen zwischen dem Kristallisationsverhalten der Verbindung und der Konstitution der Aluminatanionen in der entsprechenden Natriumaluminatlösung bzw. in der kristallinen Verbindung werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Nonasodium bis(hexahydroxoaluminate) trihydroxide hexahydrate ; Na9[Al(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6H2O ; crystal structure ; 27Al NMR ; 23Na NMR ; DSC ; DTG ; hydrogen bond ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nonasodium Bis(hexahydroxoaluminate) Trihydroxide Hexahydrate (Na9[Al(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6H2O) - Crystal Structure, NMR Spectroscopy and Thermal BehaviourThe crystal structure of the nonasodium bis(hexahydroxoaluminate) trihydroxide hexahydrate Na9[Al(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6H2O (4.5 Na2O Al2O3 · 13.5 H2O) (up to now described as 3 Na2O · Al2O3 · 6H2O, 4Na2O · Al2O3 · 13 H2O and [3 Na2O · Al2O3 · 6H2O] [xNaOH · yH2O], respectively) was solved. The X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis (triclinic, space group P1, a = 8.694(1) Å, b = 11.344(2) Å, c = 11.636(3) Å, α = 74.29(2)°, β = 87.43(2)°, γ = 70.66(2)°, Z = 2) results in a structure, consisting of monomeric [Al(OH)6]3- aluminate anions, which are connected by NaO6 octahedra groups. Furthermore the structure contains both, two hydroxide anions only surrounded by water of crystallization and OH groups of [Al(OH)6]3- aluminate anions and a hydroxide anion involved in three NaO6 coordination octahedra directly and moreover connected with a water molecule by hydrogen bonding. The results of 27Al and 23Na-MAS-NMR investigations, the thermal behaviour of the compound and possible relations between the crystal structure and the conditions of coordination in the corresponding sodium aluminate solution are discussed as well.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur des Nonanatrium-bis(hexahydroxoaluminat)-trihydroxid-hexahydrates Na9[Al(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6H2O (4,5 Na2O · Al2O3 · 13,5 H2O) - bisher in der Literatur als 3Na2O · Al2O3 · 6H2O, 4Na2O · Al2O3 · 13 H2O bzw. [3 Na2O · Al2O3 · 6H2O] [x NaOH · y H2O] bezeichnet - wurde bestimmt. Aus der Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse (triklin, Raumgruppe P1, a = 8,694(1) Å, b = 11,344(2) Å, c = 11,636(3) Å, α = 74,29(2)°, β = 87,43(2)°, γ = 70,66(2)°, Z = 2) ergibt sich eine Struktur aus monomeren [Al(OH)6]3--Aluminatanionen, die über NaO6-Koordinationsoktaeder untereinander verbunden sind. Die Struktur enthält weiter zwei Hydroxidionen, die koordinativ nur mit Kristallwasser und OH-Gruppen der [Al(OH)6]3--Aluminatanionen in Verbindung stehen, sowie ein drittes, das an drei NaO6-Koordinationsoktaedern beteiligt und außerdem über eine Wasserstoffbrückenbindung mit einem Wassermolekül verbunden ist. Die Ergebnisse von 27Al- und 23Na-MAS-NMR-Messungen, das thermische Verhalten der Verbindung sowie mögliche Beziehungen zwischen der Struktur der kristallinen Verbindung und den Koordinationsverhältnissen in der entsprechenden Natriumaluminatlösung werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design of large area transition radiation detectors for highly relativistic particles can be greatly simplified if plastic foam radiators are employed. Using electron beams with energies 1-9 GeV at the Cornell synchrotron, we have studied the properties of a large variety of transition radiators consisting of commercially available foam materials. In most cases, a measurable transition radiation signal has been observed, but only a few materials have been found to be suitable for practical purposes. The observed radiation yield is in these cases very similar to that of equivalent multifoil radiators. A detailed discussion is given of the particle detection efficiency that can be obtained with high yield foam radiators.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods; 123; 1975
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons has been measured with an instrument that combines a transition-radiation detector with a shower detector. The transition-radiation detector provides unique identification of individual electrons and good discrimination against protons. At the same time, it allows the construction of a large-area instrument (0.48 sq m ? ster) and consequently makes possible a measurement of improved statistical accuracy. The instrument has been calibrated with electron beams of 5-300 GeV at Fermilab, thus eliminating energy-dependent biases. A first balloon flight yielded 30 hours of data at an altitude of 5 g/sq cm. The design of the instrument is described, along with the accelerator calibrations and the analysis of the balloon flight data. The spectrum of electrons is found to be significantly steeper than that of protons over the whole energy range.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 13, 1977 - Aug 26, 1977; Plovdiv; Bulgaria
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Transition radiation detectors consisting of sandwiches of plastic foam radiators and multiwire proportional chambers can be used to identify cosmic ray particles with energies gamma ? E/mc-squared is greater than 10 to the 3rd and to measure their energy in the region gamma is roughly equal to 10 to the 3rd
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 15, 1975 - Aug 29, 1975; Munich
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Transition-radiation detectors have been used in several recent cosmic-ray experiments for particle identification at energies E/mc-squared of at least about 1000. In order to optimize the design of such detectors and to use them for energy measurements over a broad energy range, it is necessary to study the details of the transition-radiation process. Experimental results are presented which test the theoretical predictions more precisely and at higher energies than in previous experiments. The dependence of the interference pattern in the frequency spectrum on the radiator dimensions is studied, and the total transition-radiation yield generated by electrons in various radiators is measured over a very wide energy range, from 5 to 300 GeV. The significance of the individual experimental parameters in the design of transition radiation detectors is reviewed, and the characteristics of transition-radiation detectors capable of measuring particle energies over the range E/mc-squared from about 300 to 100,000 are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 13, 1977 - Aug 26, 1977; Plovdiv; Bulgaria
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