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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1057-1060 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkylideneboranes ; Boron, two-coordinated ; 1,2-Oxaboretane derivatives ; 1,2,4-Azadiboretidine derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkylaklyideneboranes R—B=C(Sime3)2: Isolable molecules with a Two-Coordinated Sextet Boron AtomThe colourless, liquid, pyrophoric alkylalkylideneboranes R—B=CA2 (2c, d: R = Me, tBu; A = SiMe3) are formed from Me(MeO)B—CA3 and tBu(F)B-CA3 by elimination of AOMe at 560°C and AF at 490°C, respectively. At ambient temperature 2d can be stored, whereas 2c cyclodimerizes to form 5. 2d crystallizes at 225 K; a structure determination at 120 K reveals the C—B=C skeleton to be linear with BC bond lengths of 154.7 and 136.1 pm. The adduct 6 and the [2 + 2] cycloadducts 7a, 8 are formed from 2c and 2,6-dimethylpyridine, benzophenone, and the iminoborane tBuB≡NtBu, respectively. 2d gives the cycloadduct 7b with benzophenone.
    Notes: Die farblosen, flüssigen, pyrophoren Alkylalkylidenborane R—B=CA2 (2c, d: R = Me, tBu; A = SiMe3), bilden sich aus Me(MeO)B—CA3 bzw. tBu(F)B—CA3 durch Abspaltung von AOMe bei 560°C bzw. von AF bei 490°C. Bei 25°C ist 2d lagerfähig, während sich 2c zu 5 cyclodimerisiert. In 2d, das bei 225 K kristallisiert, findet man bei 120 K ein lineares C—B=C-Gerüst mit BC-Bindungslängen von 154.7 und 136.1 pm. Mit 2,6-Dimethylpyridin bildet 2c das Addukt 6 und mit Benzophenon bzw. dem Iminoboran tBuB≡NtBu die [2 + 2]-Cycloaddukte 7a und 8; 2d reagiert mit Benzophenon zu 7b.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: The identity of nicotinic receptor subtypes sufficient to elicit both the acute and chronic effects of nicotine dependence is unknown. We engineered mutant mice with a4 nicotinic subunits containing a single point mutation, Leu9' --〉 Ala9' in the pore-forming M2 domain, rendering a4* receptors hypersensitive to nicotine. Selective activation of a4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with low doses of agonist recapitulates nicotine effects thought to be important in dependence, including reinforcement in response to acute nicotine administration, as well as tolerance and sensitization elicited by chronic nicotine administration. These data indicate that activation of a4* receptors is sufficient for nicotine-induced reward, tolerance, and sensitization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tapper, Andrew R -- McKinney, Sheri L -- Nashmi, Raad -- Schwarz, Johannes -- Deshpande, Purnima -- Labarca, Cesar -- Whiteaker, Paul -- Marks, Michael J -- Collins, Allan C -- Lester, Henry A -- DA-15663/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-3194/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-49716/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-11756/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1029-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaloids/metabolism ; Animals ; Azocines/metabolism ; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/metabolism ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; *Drug Tolerance ; Leucine ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nicotine/*pharmacology ; Point Mutation ; Pyridines/metabolism ; Quinolizines/metabolism ; Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics/*physiology ; *Reward ; Serine ; Tobacco Use Disorder/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1984-02-17
    Description: The effect of hypoxic exposure on various mitochondrial enzymes and on cell mitochondrial genomic content was studied in two types of mammalian cells. Hypoxia depressed the activity of six enzymes to the same degree. The kinetics of depression and of recovery during reexposure to normoxia were statistically similar for three marker enzymes. Despite the global and symmetrical decrease in enzyme activities, mitochondrial DNA remained constant. This suggests either symmetrical loss of mitochondrial enzymes from all mitochondria or complete loss of enzymes from a subpopulation of mitochondria with retention of an intact mitochondrial genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, B J -- Robin, E D -- Tapper, D P -- Wong, R J -- Clayton, D A -- 5 R01 HL23701-14/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 17;223(4637):707-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6320368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Anoxia/physiopathology ; Citrate (si)-Synthase/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics/*metabolism ; Macrophages/*enzymology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*enzymology ; Mitochondria, Muscle/*enzymology ; Oxidoreductases/genetics/*metabolism ; Oxo-Acid-Lyases/*metabolism ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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