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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous  (14)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-12-17
    Description: The Agnano–Monte Spina tephra AMST , dated at 4100 years BP by Arr Ar and C AMS techniques, is the product of the highest-magnitude eruption in the Campi Flegrei caldera CFc. during its last epoch of activity 4800–3800 years BP.. The sequence alternates magmatic and phreatomagmatic pyroclastic-fallout, -flow and -surge beds and bedsets. Two main pumice-fallout deposits with variable easterly-to-northeasterly dispersal axes are about 10 cm thick at 42 km from the vent area. High particle concentration pyroclastic currents were confined to the caldera depression; lower concentration flows overtopped the morphological boundary of the caldera and traveled at least 15 km over the surrounding plain. The unit is subdivided into six members, named A through F in stratigraphic sequence, based upon their sedimentological characteristics. Isopachs and isopleths maps suggest a vent location in the Agnano plain. A volcano-tectonic collapse begun during the course of the eruption, took place along the faults of the northeastern sector of the resurgent block within the CFc, and generated the Agnano plain. The early erupted trachytic magma had a homogeneous alkali–trachytic composition, whereas later-erupted magma shows small-scale hetereogeneities. Trace elements and Sr-isotope compositions, indicate that two isotopically distinct magmas, one alkali–trachytic and the other trachytic, were tapped and partially mixed during the eruption. The small volume 1.2 km3 DRE. of erupted magma and the structural position of the vent suggest that the eruption was fed by a dyke intruded along a normal fault in the sector of the resurgent block under a tensional stress regime. q1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
    Description: Published
    Description: 269–301
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Agnano–Monte Spina tephra ; Campi Flegrei caldera ; magma ; pyroclastic-fallout; pumice ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A new pyroclastic stratigraphy is presented for the island of Ischia, Italy, for the period ∼75–50 ka BP. The data indicate that this period bore witness to the largest eruptions recorded on the island and that it was considerably more volcanically active than previously thought. Numerous vents were probably active during this period. The deposits of at least 10 explosive phonolite to basaltictrachyandesite eruptions are described and interpreted. They record a diverse range of explosive volcanic activity including voluminous fountain-fed ignimbrite eruptions, fallout from sustained eruption columns, block-and-ash flows, and phreatomagmatic eruptions. Previously unknown eruptions have been recognised for the first time on the island. Several of the eruptions produced pyroclastic density currents that covered the whole island as well as the neighbouring island of Procida and parts of the mainland. The morphology of Ischia was significantly different to that seen today, with edifices to the south and west and a submerged depression in the centre. The largest volcanic event, the Monte Epomeo Green Tuff (MEGT) resulted in caldera collapse across all or part of the island. It is shown to comprise at least two thick intracaldera ignimbrite flowunits, separated by volcaniclastic sediments that were deposited during a pause in the eruption. Extracaldera deposits of the MEGT include a pumice fall deposit emplaced during the opening phases of the eruption, a widespread lithic lag breccia outcropping across much of Ischia and Procida, and a distal ignimbrite in south-west Campi Flegrei. During this period the style and magnitude of volcanism was dictated by the dynamics of a large differentiated magma chamber, which was partially destroyed during the MEGT eruption. This contrasts with the small-volume Holocene and historical effusive and explosive activity on Ischia, the timing and distribution of which has been controlled by the resurgence of the Monte Epomeo block. The new data contribute to a clearer understanding of the long-term volcanic and magmatic evolution of Ischia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 583-603
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Pyroclastic stratigraphy ; Explosive volcanism ; Caldera collapse ; Ischia ; Late Pleistocene ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Melt inclusions in phenocrysts of the Minopoli2 shoshonite and Fondo Riccio latite eruptive products (Campi Flegrei caldera; 10.2 to 9.5 ka BP) constrain the nature of deep Phlegraean magmatic fluids, their role in volcanism and give new insights into the magmatic plumbing system. The analyzed melt inclusions show that CO2 is an abundant gaseous species, confirming the results of geochemical studies on the magmatic gas fraction involved in present-day fumarolic emissions. Volatile concentrations within the melt inclusions require gas-melt equilibria between 8 and 9 km depth, and closed-system degassing in presence of ascending CO2-rich fluids of deep provenance. Magmas later re-equilibrate at depths up to 3–2 km, i.e. above the top of the carbonate basement. These observations correlate well with independent geophysical and geochemical evidence and are useful constraints for volcanic hazards assessment at Campi Flegrei.
    Description: Published
    Description: L21304
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: magmatic system ; Campi Flegrei caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Tephra fallout associated with renewal of volcanism at the Campi Flegrei caldera is a serious threat to the Neapolitan area. In order to assess the hazards related with tephra loading, we have considered three different eruption scenarios representative of past activity: a high-magnitude event similar to the 4.1 ka Agnano-Monte Spina eruption, a medium-magnitude event, similar to the ∼3.8 ka Astroni 6 eruption, and a low-magnitude event similar to the Averno 2 eruption. The fallout deposits were reconstructed using the HAZMAP computational model, which is based on a semi-analytical solution of the two-dimensional advection– diffusion–sedimentation equation for volcanic tephra. The input parameters into the model, such as total erupted mass, eruption column height, and bulk grain-size and components distribution, were obtained by best-fitting field data. We carried out tens of thousands simulations using a statistical set of wind profiles, obtained from NOAA reanalysis. Probability maps, relative to the considered scenarios, were constructed for several tephra loads, such as 200, 300 and 400 kg/m2. These provide a hazard assessment for roof collapses due to tephra loading that can be used for risk mitigation plans in the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 259–273
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tephra fallout hazard ; Tephra loading ; Campi Flegrei caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanic calderas are affected by unrest episodes usually dominated by hybrid magmatic-hydrothermal system dynamics, but which can evolve to variable intensity eruptions, up to Plinian. Campi Flegrei caldera...
    Description: Published
    Description: INGV-Osservatorio Vesuviano-Napoli
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: open
    Keywords: The magmatic engine ; Campi Flegrei caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.02. Gravity methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-05-28
    Description: The Campi Flegrei caldera is a restless, nested structure resulting from two major collapses related to the Campanian Ignimbrite 37,000 years BP. and the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff 12,000 years BP. eruptions, respectively. Detailed stratigraphical, structural, volcanological and 14C AMS. geochronological studies, devoted to the reconstruction of the volcanic and deformational history of the Campi Flegrei caldera in the past 12,000 years have been carried out. The results of these studies show that in this time span, intense both volcanic and volcano-tectonic activity was confined inside the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera. Volcanism was concentrated in epochs of intense activity, alternating to periods of quiescence. The I epoch lasted from 12,000 to 9500 years BP giving rise to 34 explosive eruptions, each every 70 years on average. During the II epoch, dated between 8600 and 8200 years BP, six explosive eruptions took place at an average interval of 65 years. The III epoch lasted from 4800 to 3800 years BP and produced 16 explosive and four effusive eruptions which followed each other at mean intervals of 50 years. Eruption vents of the I epoch were located mostly along the marginal faults of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera, while those of the II epoch aligned on the northeastern sector of this margin. During the III epoch volcanism was confined in the northeastern sector of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera floor. The caldera floor is disjointed in blocks with variable vertical movements by fault and fracture systems mainly trending NE–SW and NW–SE. The still active resurgence of the caldera floor began soon after its collapse. Onset of both II and III epoch of activity coincides with increase in resurgence rate of La Starza marine terrace, the most uplifted part of the resurgent block.
    Description: Published
    Description: 221-246
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei caldera ; volcanism; ; deformation ; chronostratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanic activity on the island of Ischia in the past 10 k.y. has included both effusive and explosive eruptions, mainly in the eastern sector of the island. Vent location, eruption dynamics, transport mechanisms, and depositional processes have been reconstructed for each recognized lithostratigraphic unit. Periods of quiescence have alternated with periods of very intense volcanism, mainly concentrated at ca. 5.5 ka and over the past 2.9 k.y. Volcanism has not been continuous, but it has been strongly infl uenced by the mechanism of a resurgence phenomenon that has affected the island since ca. 33 ka. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that magma intrusion and uplift events have occurred intermittently. In the past 5.5 k.y., volcanic activity has been invariably accompanied by the emplacement of slope instability–related deposits, illustrating that the slope instability was also induced by reactivation of vertical movements, likely related to resurgence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 193-239
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanological ; Ischia resurgent ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The Campi Flegrei caldera is a resurgent, nested structure formed mainly after two collapses related to the Campanian Ignimbrite (37 ka) and the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (12 ka) eruptions. The structural boundaries of both calderas are partly controlled by reactivation of earlier regional fault systems. There has been ongoing resurgence inside the youngest caldera since its collapse, through a complex simple-shear mechanism. This resurgence has disjointed the caldera floor in blocks through long-term deformations over the past 12 ka. During this period volcanism occurred along the marginal faults of the youngest caldera and in the northeastern part of the resurgent block. Although large part of the caldera floor is deformed, the conditions for magmas to rise to surface were not established in the southwestern sector of the resurgent block. The caldera has shown signs of unrest in the last 27 years with short-term deformations that have generated a maximum net uplift of 3.5 m. The short-term deformations are interpreted as the result of a brittle and a ductile component. The long-term deformations likely represent the summation of the permanent, mostly brittle component of each short-term deformational event.
    Description: Published
    Description: 71 - 89
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei Caldera ; Resurgent Structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: La caldera dei Campi Flegrei è una struttura attiva, complessa e risorgente, ad elevata pericolosità vulcanica, anche per il carattere esplosivo del suo vulcanismo. Data la sua ubicazione nell’area napoletana, densamente urbanizzata, anche il rischio vulcanico è molto elevato. In questo articolo, sintetizzando i risultati di studi recenti, vengono presentate sia la storia vulcanica e deformativa della caldera, incluso il suo sistema magmatico di alimentazione, che una valutazione della sua pericolosità a lungo termine. In caso di ripresa dell’attività in tempi brevi o medi, le aree tra le piane di Agnano e San Vito, e tra Monte Nuovo e Averno, sono quelle a maggiore probabilità di apertura di un nuovo centro eruttivo; tra le due, l’area Agnano-San Vito è quella a probabilità più elevata. Una futura eruzione di tipo esplosivo, indipendentemente dalla sua dimensione, ha un’elevata probabilità di accadimento (89%), mentre un’eruzione di tipo effusivo è meno probabile (11%). Tra tutti gli eventi possibili, quello più probabile (60%) è un’eruzione esplosiva di piccola dimensione, simile a quella che nel 1538 ha prodotto il cono di Monte Nuovo. Una tale eruzione potrebbe estrudere fino a 0.1 km3 di magma, depositando i suoi prodotti su un’area ampia fino a 500 km2. Un’eruzione esplosiva di media dimensione, che ha il 25% di probabilità di accadimento, potrebbe emettere fino a 0.3 km3 di magma e depositare i suoi prodotti su un’area ampia fino a 1.000 km2.
    Description: Published
    Description: 61-85
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: pericolosità vulcanica ; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Campi Flegrei caldera is a complex structure in which resurgence occurs through a simple shearing mechanism. The most uplifted block inside the caldera is the La Starza block. The caldera has shown signs of unrest since 1969 with two bradyseismic events which generated a net vertical ground displacement of 3.5 m around the town of Pozzuoli. The first event occurred between 1969 and 1972, when the ground was uplifted of 1.74 m, while the second took place between 1982 and 1984 and produced a vertical displacement of 1.79 m. These events have been followed by subsidence with small uplifts of few centimeters. Uplifting events, despite the amount of ground displacement, are always accompanied by seismicity which is absent during subsidence. We have performed an analysis of the ground deformation and seismic data collected since 1970. The results obtained on the two independent sets of data are very much concordant. The ground deformation is not quasi bell-shaped as previously suggested, instead its geometry is strongly constrained by structural discontinuities. Seismicity is confined in a rectangular area, NE–SW elongated and centered on the La Starza block. The margins of this area are marked by earthquakes whose hypocenters describe vertical planes which reach depths of about 5 km. The hypocenters of the earthquakes located in the La Starza block are shallower than 3 km. Focal mechanisms of the earthquakes whose hypocenters describe a NNW–SSE fault plane in the Pozzuoli bay show reverse fault solutions, while those of the earthquakes located on the opposite side of the La Starza block show normal fault solutions. All these data well constraints the hypothesis that resurgence occurs through a simple shearing mechanism Orsi et al., 1996.. We have also performed a finite elements modeling of the ground deformation data. This modeling shows that the detected deformation can be accounted for by an overpressure of 75 MPa in a source with a radius of 1 km, located at 5 km depth in a medium characterized by the detected structural discontinuities. q1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
    Description: Published
    Description: 415-451
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: caldera resurgence ; unrest episodes ; ground deformation ; seismicity ; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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