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  • 1
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    High-Resolution Densely Spaced Wide-Aperture Seismic Profiling as a Tool to Aid Seismic Hazard Assessment of Fault-Bounded Intramontane Basins: Application to Vallo di Diano, Southern Italy (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Seismic hazards in extensional regions are mostly posed by high-angle normal faults and deep hanging-wall basins that can promote significant groundmotion amplifications. Characterized by strong lateral velocity variations, these structures represent challenging targets for seismic exploration. In this paper, we show that prestack depth migration of high-resolution seismic-reflection data, collected with nonconventional dense wide-aperture arrays, can effectively assist deterministic seismic-hazard assessment of fault-bounded basins. Our high-resolution 3.2 km long seismic profile was acquired along Vallo di Diano, the largest fault-bounded intramontane basin in the southern Apennines seismic belt (Italy). The imaging strategy combines prestack depth migration with an iterative velocity-building technique that utilizes results of multiscale refraction tomography. In particular, migration of steeply dipping reflections is essential in imaging the complex morphology of the basement rocks beneath the basin. By combining seismic-reflection and VP tomography results we were able to evaluate (1) the structure of the Vallo di Diano basin along a representative transect from near-surface to basement depths; (2) the shallow-depth geometry of the Vallo di Diano fault system, which bounds the basin to the east; (3) the structure of the sediment–basement interface; and (4) the velocity structure of basement and sediments within the basin. These findings are valuable both for understanding the tectonic evolution of the Vallo di Diano and for developing earthquake-shaking scenario studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1969-1980
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: seismic imaging of a fault-bounded basin ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Upper crustal structure, seismicity and pore pressure variations in an extensional seismic belt through 3‐D and 4‐D VP and VP/VS models: The example of the Val d’Agri area (southern Italy) (2012)
    Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We use local earthquake tomography and background seismicity to investigate static and transient features of the crustal velocity structure in the Val d’Agri (southern Apennines, Italy), one of the regions in central Mediterranean with the highest seismogenic potential. The upper crust is dominated by two broad high‐velocity anticlines of the buried Apulia Carbonate Platform ramping on two parallel high‐angle thrusts interpreted as preexisting inverted normal faults. The deep core of the anticlines consists of very high VP (up to 6.9 km/s) and low VP/VS rocks, suggesting the involvement of the Apulian crystalline basement in the Apennine belt. These results provide valuable constraints on the Apennine belt tectonic evolution, supporting a thick‐skinned interpretation for the Pliocene terminal phase of the compressional tectonics. The geometry of the Val d’Agri Quaternary basin is controlled by these inherited compressive features, whereas the presently active extensional tectonics barely reworked the structure. We find inconsistency between the structure of the Apulia Carbonate Platform and the location and geometry of the Quaternary normal faults mapped at the surface. This suggests either the immaturity of the normal faults or their secondary role in accommodating the extension. We observe spatiotemporal (4‐D) changes of VP and VP/VS models defining transient variations of pore fluid pressure in the upper crust. A strong change in the VP/VS ratio heralds a raise in the seismicity rate that can be related to large water level changes in a nearby artificial lake. This evidence is consistent with a mechanism of reservoir‐induced seismicity by fluid pressure increase and pore pressure diffusion. The 4‐D velocity variations are confined in the shallow portion of the upper crust (3–6 km depth) where fluids are stored in a highly fractured medium. Pore pressure fluctuations can affect the strength of fault segments, favoring seismicity rate changes along the active faults and possibly promoting large future earthquakes.
    Description: INGV
    Description: Published
    Description: B07303
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Cupper crustal structure ; fault zones evolution ; pore pressure variation ; temporal variation of elastic properties ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    New insights into crustal structure, Cenozoic magmatism, CO2 degassing and seismogenesis in the southern Apennines and Irpinia region from local earthquake tomography (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present high-resolution Vp and Vp/Vs models of the southern Apennines (Italy) computed using local earthquakes recorded from 2006 to 2011 with a graded inversion scheme that progressively resolves the crustal structure, from the large scale of the Apennines belt to the local scale of the normal-fault system. High-Vp bodies defined in the upper and mid crust under the external Apennines are interpreted as extensive mafic intrusions revealing anorogenic magmatism episodes that broadened on the Adriatic domain during Paleogene. Under the mountain belt, a low-Vp region, annular to the Neapolitan volcanic district, indicates the existence of a thermal/fluid anomaly in the mid crust, coinciding with a shallow Moho and diffuse degassing of deeply derived CO2. In the belt axial zone, low Vp/Vs gas-pressurized rock volumes under the Apulian carbonates correlate to high heat flow, strong CO2-dominated gas emissions of mantle origin and shallow carbonate reservoirs with pressurized CO2 gas caps. We hypothesize that the pressurized fluid volumes located at the base of the active fault system influence the rupture process of large normal-faulting earthquakes, like the 1980 Mw6.9 Irpinia event, and that major asperities are confined within the high-Vp Apulian carbonates. This study confirms once more that pre-existing structures of the Pliocene Apulian belt controlled the rupture propagation during the Irpinia earthquake. The main shock broke a 30 km long, NE-dipping seismogenic structure, whereas delayed ruptures (both the 20 s and the 40 s sub-events) developed on antithetic faults, reactivating thrust faults located at the eastern edge of the Apulian belt.
    Description: Published
    Description: 8283–8311
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: embargoed_20150609
    Keywords: The velocity structure of the southern Apennines is determined by a multi-scale tomography ; Large Cenozoic mafic intrusions are identified in the Apulian crust ; Pressurized CO2 reservoirs identified under the axial belt can affect crustal seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Frontal compression along the Apennines thrust system: The Emilia 2012 example from seismicity to crustal structure (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The evolution of the Apennines thrust-and-fold belt is related to heterogeneous process of subduction and continental delamination that generates extension within the mountain range and compression on the outer front of the Adria lithosphere. While normal faulting earthquakes diffusely occur along the mountain chain, the sparse and poor seismicity in the compressional front does not permit to resolve the ambiguity that still exists about which structure accommodates the few mm/yr of convergence observed by geodetic data. In this study, we illustrate the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence that is the most significant series of moderate-to-large earthquakes developed during the past decades on the compressional front of the Apennines. Accurately located aftershocks, along with P-wave and Vp/Vs tomographic models, clearly reveal the geometry of the thrust system, buried beneath the Quaternary sediments of the Po Valley. The seismic sequence ruptured two distinct adjacent thrust faults, whose different dip, steep or flat, accounts for the development of the arc-like shape of the compressional front. The first shock of May 20 (Mw 6.0) developed on the middle Ferrara thrust that has a southward dip of about 30°. The second shock of May 29 (Mw 5.8) ruptured the Mirandola thrust that we define as a steep dipping (50–60°) pre-existing (Permo-Triassic) basement normal fault inverted during compression. The overall geometry of the fault system is controlled by heterogeneity of the basement inherited from the older extension. We also observe that the rupture directivity during the two main-shocks and the aftershocks concentration correlate with low Poisson ratio volumes, probably indicating that portions of the fault have experienced intense micro-damage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 98-109
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Apennines thrust-and-fold belt ; 2012 Emilia seismic sequence ; Vp and Vp/Vs velocity structure ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    The 2009 L’Aquila (central Italy) MW6.3 earthquake: Main shock (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-23
    Description: A MW 6.3 earthquake struck on April 6, 2009 the Abruzzi region (central Italy) producing vast damage in the L’Aquila town and surroundings. In this paper we present the location and geometry of the fault system as obtained by the analysis of main shock and aftershocks recorded by permanent and temporary networks. The distribution of aftershocks, 712 selected events with ML 2.3 and 20 with ML 4.0, defines a complex, 40 km long, NW trending extensional structure. The main shock fault segment extends for 15–18 km and dips at 45 to theSW, between 10 and 2 km depth. The extent of aftershocks coincides with the surface trace of the Paganica fault, a poorly known normal fault that, after the event, has been quoted to accommodate the extension of the area.We observe a migration of seismicity to the north on an echelon fault that can rupture in future large earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: L18308
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: seismic sequence ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Esperimento DIONYSUS: Deep structure of the IONian Sea and east SicilY: wide-angle seismic SUrvey of the Calabria Subduction zone and Tethys margins. Il contributo dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Durante il mese di ottobre 2014 si è svolta nel Mar Ionio una campagna oceanografica franco-tedesca denominata DIONYSUS, acronimo di “Deep structure of the IONian sea and east sicilY : wide-angle seismic SUrvey ofthe calabria Subduction zone and tethys margins”, organizzata dal personale degli Istituti francesi del Laboratoire Domaines Océaniques1 (LDO) dell’Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer2 (IUEM) e dell’  3 (Ifremer) e tedeschi di GEOMAR ha contribuito anche l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) nella fase propositiva del progetto e in seguito nella realizzazione della campagna sismica per la parte di acquisizione a terra. Lo scopo della crociera DIONYSUS era di condurre un’indagine dettagliata del margine attivo del sud Italia, tra la Calabria e la Sicilia Orientale, una regione colpita più volte da terremoti e tsunami distruttivi; tra tutti ricordiamo il devastante terremoto del 1908 a Messina. L’esperimento era finalizzato all’acquisizione di profili sismici a rifrazione/riflessione a grande angolo nel Mare Ionio meridionale per l’imaging della crosta profonda e della Moho lungo il prisma di accrezione calabro e la Scarpata Ibleo-Maltese. In questo rapporto tecnico, dopo un breve riferimento relativo al progetto DIONYSUS, verrà descritto con maggior dettaglio il coinvolgimento dell’INGV, dalla fase di preparazione e realizzazione della campagna sismica a terra svoltasi in sinergia con i colleghi francesi e tedeschi sino alla predisposizione e la distribuzione del dataset acquisito. Per maggiori dettagli relativi al progetto, alla campagna sismica e ai primi risultati preliminari, consigliamo di riferirsi al rapporto dedicato della crociera “M111” [Kopp et al., 2014]. Vista la collaborazione con altri istituti di ricerca stranieri, in allegato è riportato in inglese un breve riassunto del lavoro e le schede stazioni.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-36
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic networks temporary ; Seismological data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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