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  • 1
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    Quantitative 3D video microscopy of HIV transfer across T cell virological synapses (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: The spread of HIV between immune cells is greatly enhanced by cell-cell adhesions called virological synapses, although the underlying mechanisms have been unclear. With use of an infectious, fluorescent clone of HIV, we tracked the movement of Gag in live CD4 T cells and captured the direct translocation of HIV across the virological synapse. Quantitative, high-speed three-dimensional (3D) video microscopy revealed the rapid formation of micrometer-sized "buttons" containing oligomerized viral Gag protein. Electron microscopy showed that these buttons were packed with budding viral crescents. Viral transfer events were observed to form virus-laden internal compartments within target cells. Continuous time-lapse monitoring showed preferential infection through synapses. Thus, HIV dissemination may be enhanced by virological synapse-mediated cell adhesion coupled to viral endocytosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756521/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756521/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hubner, Wolfgang -- McNerney, Gregory P -- Chen, Ping -- Dale, Benjamin M -- Gordon, Ronald E -- Chuang, Frank Y S -- Li, Xiao-Dong -- Asmuth, David M -- Huser, Thomas -- Chen, Benjamin K -- 5R24 CA095823-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- AI074420-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DP1 DA028866/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI074420/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI074420-01A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI074420-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- S10RR09145-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- ULRR024146/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1743-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1167525.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*physiology/ultrastructure/*virology ; *Cell Adhesion ; Coculture Techniques ; Cytochalasin D/pharmacology ; Endocytosis ; HIV/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Jurkat Cells ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microscopy, Video ; Receptors, CCR5/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Virus Internalization ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A postprocessed error estimate and an adaptive procedure for the semidiscrete finite element method in dynamic analysis (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 3585-3603 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper we present a postprocessed type of a posteriori error estimate and a h-version adaptive procedure for the semidiscrete finite element method in dynamic analysis. In space the super-convergent patch recovery technique is used for determining higher-order accurate stresses and, thus, a spatial error estimate. In time a postprocessing technique is developed for obtaining a local error estimate for one step time integration schemes (the HHT-α method). Coupling the error estimate with a mesh generator, a h-version adaptive finite element procedure is presented for two-dimensional dynamic analysis. It updates the spatial mesh and time step automatically so that the discretization errors are controlled within specified tolerances. Numerical studies on different problems are presented for demonstrating the performances of the proposed adaptive procedure.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620372102
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS BY A TIME-DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 2131-2152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: discontinuous Galerkin finite element method ; predictor-multicorrector ; adaptive time integration ; structural dynamics ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper studies a time-discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for structural dynamic problems, by which both displacements and velocities are approximated as piecewise linear functions in the time domain and may be discontinuous at the discrete time levels. A new iterative solution algorithm which involves only one factorization for each fixed time step size and a few iterations at each step is presented for solving the resulted system of coupled equations. By using the jumps of the displacements and the velocities in the total energy norm as error indicators, an adaptive time-stepping procedure for selecting the proper time step size is described. Numerical examples including both single-DOF and multi-DOF problems are used to illustrate the performance of these algorithms. Comparisons with the exact results and/or the results by the Newmark integration scheme are given. It is shown that the time-discontinuous Galerkin finite element method discussed in this study possesses good accuracy (third order) and stability properties, its numerical implementation is not difficult, and the higher computational cost needed in each time step is compensated by use of a larger time step size.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple local error estimator and an adaptive time-stepping procedure for direct integration method in dynamic analysis (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 273-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple a posteriori local error estimator for time discretization in structural dynamic analysis is presented. It is derived from the difference of the solutions between an ordinary integration method (the Newmark scheme) and another higher-order one which assumes that the derivatives of accelerations vary linearly within each time step. It may be obtained directly without resolving new equations, so the additional computational cost is small and the implementation is convenient. Furthermore, it is shown that this error estimator may also be obtained by Taylor expansion or by a post-processing technique. Accordingly, an adaptive time-stepping procedure, which automatically adjusts the time-step size so that the local error at each time step is within a prescribed accuracy, is described. Numerical examples, including two single-DOF problems, a two-DOF problem and a multi-DOF model, are presented. The results show that the presented local error estimator is simple, reliable and accurate.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640090402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconvergent patch recovery of finite-element solution and a posteriori L2 norm error estimate (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper we present a superconvergent patch recovery technique for obtaining higher-order-accurate finite-element solutions and thus a postprocessed type of L2 norm error estimate. Two modifications make our procedure different from the one proposed by Zienkiewicz and Zhu (1992), in which higher-order-accurate derivatives of the finite-element solution at nodes are determined. Firstly, the recovery process is made for element, not for nodes. An ‘element patch’, which represents the union of an element under consideration and the surrounding elements, is introduced. Secondly, the local error estimate is calculated directly from the improved solution for this element. Numerical tests on both 1D and 2D model problems show that this method can provide an asymptotically exact a posteriori L2 norm error estimate if the used element possesses superconvergent points for the solutions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100406
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