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  • 1
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    Managing nitrogen for sustainable development (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: Improvements in nitrogen use efficiency in crop production are critical for addressing the triple challenges of food security, environmental degradation and climate change. Such improvements are conditional not only on technological innovation, but also on socio-economic factors that are at present poorly understood. Here we examine historical patterns of agricultural nitrogen-use efficiency and find a broad range of national approaches to agricultural development and related pollution. We analyse examples of nitrogen use and propose targets, by geographic region and crop type, to meet the 2050 global food demand projected by the Food and Agriculture Organization while also meeting the Sustainable Development Goals pertaining to agriculture recently adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. Furthermore, we discuss socio-economic policies and technological innovations that may help achieve them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Xin -- Davidson, Eric A -- Mauzerall, Denise L -- Searchinger, Timothy D -- Dumas, Patrice -- Shen, Ye -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):51-9. doi: 10.1038/nature15743. Epub 2015 Nov 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. ; Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. ; Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland 21532, USA. ; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. ; Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), 75116, Paris, France. ; Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Developpement (CIRED), 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne, France. ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26595273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/economics/standards/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; Crops, Agricultural/economics/*metabolism/supply & distribution ; Ecology ; Environmental Pollution/statistics & numerical data ; Fertilizers/economics/supply & distribution/utilization ; Food Supply ; Gross Domestic Product ; Humans ; Internationality ; Nitrogen/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Plant biology. Suppression of endogenous gene silencing by bidirectional cytoplasmic RNA decay in Arabidopsis (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: Plant immunity against foreign gene invasion takes advantage of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). How plants elaborately avert inappropriate PTGS of endogenous coding genes remains unclear. We demonstrate in Arabidopsis that both 5'-3' and 3'-5' cytoplasmic RNA decay pathways act as repressors of transgene and endogenous PTGS. Disruption of bidirectional cytoplasmic RNA decay leads to pleiotropic developmental defects and drastic transcriptomic alterations, which are substantially rescued by PTGS mutants. Upon dysfunction of bidirectional RNA decay, a large number of 21- to 22-nucleotide endogenous small interfering RNAs are produced from coding transcripts, including multiple microRNA targets, which could interfere with their cognate gene expression and functions. This study highlights the risk of unwanted PTGS and identifies cytoplasmic RNA decay pathways as safeguards of plant transcriptome and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Xinyan -- Zhu, Ying -- Liu, Xiaodan -- Hong, Xinyu -- Xu, Yang -- Zhu, Ping -- Shen, Yang -- Wu, Huihui -- Ji, Yusi -- Wen, Xing -- Zhang, Chen -- Zhao, Qiong -- Wang, Yichuan -- Lu, Jian -- Guo, Hongwei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):120-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2618.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. ; Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. ; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. hongweig@pku.edu.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Plant Immunity/*genetics ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Replicase/genetics/physiology ; *RNA Stability ; RNA, Plant/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism ; *Suppression, Genetic ; Transcriptome ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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