Publication Date:
2013-10-25
Description:
Identifying cellular and molecular differences between human and non-human primates (NHPs) is essential to the basic understanding of the evolution and diversity of our own species. Until now, preserved tissues have been the main source for most comparative studies between humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus). However, these tissue samples do not fairly represent the distinctive traits of live cell behaviour and are not amenable to genetic manipulation. We propose that induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells could be a unique biological resource to determine relevant phenotypical differences between human and NHPs, and that those differences could have potential adaptation and speciation value. Here we describe the generation and initial characterization of iPS cells from chimpanzees and bonobos as new tools to explore factors that may have contributed to great ape evolution. Comparative gene expression analysis of human and NHP iPS cells revealed differences in the regulation of long interspersed element-1 (L1, also known as LINE-1) transposons. A force of change in mammalian evolution, L1 elements are retrotransposons that have remained active during primate evolution. Decreased levels of L1-restricting factors APOBEC3B (also known as A3B) and PIWIL2 (ref. 7) in NHP iPS cells correlated with increased L1 mobility and endogenous L1 messenger RNA levels. Moreover, results from the manipulation of A3B and PIWIL2 levels in iPS cells supported a causal inverse relationship between levels of these proteins and L1 retrotransposition. Finally, we found increased copy numbers of species-specific L1 elements in the genome of chimpanzees compared to humans, supporting the idea that increased L1 mobility in NHPs is not limited to iPS cells in culture and may have also occurred in the germ line or embryonic cells developmentally upstream to germline specification during primate evolution. We propose that differences in L1 mobility may have differentially shaped the genomes of humans and NHPs and could have continuing adaptive significance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4064720/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4064720/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marchetto, Maria C N -- Narvaiza, Inigo -- Denli, Ahmet M -- Benner, Christopher -- Lazzarini, Thomas A -- Nathanson, Jason L -- Paquola, Apua C M -- Desai, Keval N -- Herai, Roberto H -- Weitzman, Matthew D -- Yeo, Gene W -- Muotri, Alysson R -- Gage, Fred H -- AI074967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM084317/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG004659/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MH08848/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH094753/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS075449/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH088485/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH094753/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH095741/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS075449/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 28;503(7477):525-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12686. Epub 2013 Oct 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Argonaute Proteins/metabolism
;
Cell Line
;
Cell Shape
;
Cytidine Deaminase/metabolism
;
Evolution, Molecular
;
Genome, Human/genetics
;
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
;
Humans
;
Karyotyping
;
Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/*genetics
;
Mice, Nude
;
Pan paniscus/*genetics/metabolism
;
Pan troglodytes/*genetics/metabolism
;
Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism
;
RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics
;
Sequence Analysis, RNA
;
Species Specificity
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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