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  • *Gene Silencing  (1)
  • *Genome  (1)
  • *Membrane Transport Proteins  (1)
  • Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism  (1)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-08-15
    Description: Posttranslational protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of yeast requires a seven-component transmembrane complex (the Sec complex) in collaboration with the lumenal Kar2 protein (Kar2p). A translocation substrate was initially bound to the cytosolic face of the purified Sec complex in a signal-sequence-dependent but Kar2p- and nucleotide-independent manner. In a subsequent reaction, in which Kar2p interacted with the lumenal face of the Sec complex and hydrolyzed adenosine triphosphate, the substrate moved through a channel formed by the Sec complex and was released at the lumenal end. Movement through the channel occurred in detergent solution in the absence of a lipid bilayer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matlack, K E -- Plath, K -- Misselwitz, B -- Rapoport, T A -- GM54238-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):938-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9252322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Detergents ; Digitonin ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/*metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/*metabolism ; *Heat-Shock Proteins ; Lipid Bilayers ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Protein Precursors/*metabolism ; Protein Sorting Signals/metabolism ; Proteolipids/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Solubility ; Succinimides
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-07-06
    Description: Many large noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate chromatin, but the mechanisms by which they localize to genomic targets remain unexplored. We investigated the localization mechanisms of the Xist lncRNA during X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), a paradigm of lncRNA-mediated chromatin regulation. During the maintenance of XCI, Xist binds broadly across the X chromosome. During initiation of XCI, Xist initially transfers to distal regions across the X chromosome that are not defined by specific sequences. Instead, Xist identifies these regions by exploiting the three-dimensional conformation of the X chromosome. Xist requires its silencing domain to spread across actively transcribed regions and thereby access the entire chromosome. These findings suggest a model in which Xist coats the X chromosome by searching in three dimensions, modifying chromosome structure, and spreading to newly accessible locations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778663/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778663/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Engreitz, Jesse M -- Pandya-Jones, Amy -- McDonel, Patrick -- Shishkin, Alexander -- Sirokman, Klara -- Surka, Christine -- Kadri, Sabah -- Xing, Jeffrey -- Goren, Alon -- Lander, Eric S -- Plath, Kathrin -- Guttman, Mitchell -- 1F32GM103139-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DP5 OD012190/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP5OD012190/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM099134/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01GM099134/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):1237973. doi: 10.1126/science.1237973. Epub 2013 Jul 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/chemistry/metabolism ; Female ; *Genome ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; RNA, Long Noncoding/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; X Chromosome/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *X Chromosome Inactivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-04-29
    Description: Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect gene expression, but the mechanisms by which they act are still largely unknown. One of the best-studied lncRNAs is Xist, which is required for transcriptional silencing of one X chromosome during development in female mammals. Despite extensive efforts to define the mechanism of Xist-mediated transcriptional silencing, we still do not know any proteins required for this role. The main challenge is that there are currently no methods to comprehensively define the proteins that directly interact with a lncRNA in the cell. Here we develop a method to purify a lncRNA from cells and identify proteins interacting with it directly using quantitative mass spectrometry. We identify ten proteins that specifically associate with Xist, three of these proteins--SHARP, SAF-A and LBR--are required for Xist-mediated transcriptional silencing. We show that SHARP, which interacts with the SMRT co-repressor that activates HDAC3, is not only essential for silencing, but is also required for the exclusion of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) from the inactive X. Both SMRT and HDAC3 are also required for silencing and Pol II exclusion. In addition to silencing transcription, SHARP and HDAC3 are required for Xist-mediated recruitment of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) across the X chromosome. Our results suggest that Xist silences transcription by directly interacting with SHARP, recruiting SMRT, activating HDAC3, and deacetylating histones to exclude Pol II across the X chromosome.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4516396/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4516396/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McHugh, Colleen A -- Chen, Chun-Kan -- Chow, Amy -- Surka, Christine F -- Tran, Christina -- McDonel, Patrick -- Pandya-Jones, Amy -- Blanco, Mario -- Burghard, Christina -- Moradian, Annie -- Sweredoski, Michael J -- Shishkin, Alexander A -- Su, Julia -- Lander, Eric S -- Hess, Sonja -- Plath, Kathrin -- Guttman, Mitchell -- 1S10RR029591-01A1/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD001686/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP5 OD012190/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP5OD012190/OD/NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 14;521(7551):232-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14443. Epub 2015 Apr 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; 1] Department of Biological Chemistry, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ; Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25915022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Embryonic Stem Cells/enzymology/metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Silencing ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U/metabolism ; Histone Deacetylases/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2/metabolism ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/analysis/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/*genetics ; X Chromosome/*genetics/metabolism ; X Chromosome Inactivation/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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