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  • 1
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Selenites ; hydrates ; X-ray ; IR ; crystal structure ; pseudosymmetry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polymorphic and Pseudosymmetrical Hydrates MSeO3 · H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd)By crystallization from aqueous solutions of MSeO3 and M(HSeO3)2, the selenites MSeO3 · H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd) were obtained and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and IR-spectroscopy. The crystal structure of ZnSeO3 · H2O was determined. The IR spectra indicate that the hydrates are isotypic and contain H2O molecules of symmetry mm2. However, the X-ray data show different structure types with H2O molecules of site symmetry m or 1. CdSeO3 · H2O and MnSeO3 · H2O are isotypic (o.rh., MnSeO3 · D2O type). CoSeO3 · H2O (mon.) as well as the isotypic NiSeO3 · H2O and ZnSeO3 · H2O (mon.) form new structure types. These findings are discussed on the basis of the crystal structure of ZnSeO3 · H2O (P21/n, a = 477.9(1), b = 1319.4(5), c = 570.1(1) pm, β = 90.84(2)°, Z = 4, Dx = 3.886 g · cm-3, R = 0.035 for 722 reflections with I 〉 2σ1) and the local pseudosymmetry of its components, i.e., layers ∞2[ZnSeO3 · H2O] of ZnO6 octahedra sharing four equatorial vertices, SeO32- anions and H2O molecules.
    Notes: Durch Kristallisation aus MSeO3- und M(HSeO3)2-Lösungen wurden die Selenite MSeO3 · H2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd) erhalten und röntgenographisch sowie IR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Von ZnSeO3 · H2O wurde die Kristallstruktur bestimmt. Die IR-Spektren deuten auf Isotypie der Hydrate und H2O-Moleküle der Symmetrie mm2. Die Röntgenbeugungsdaten zeigen dagegen das Vorliegen verschiedener Strukturtypen mit H2O-Molekülen der Lagesymmetrie m oder 1. CdSeO3 · H2O und MnSeO3 · H2O sind isotyp (o.rh., MnSeO3 · D2O-Typ). CoSeO3 · H2O (mon.) sowie die isotypen NiSeO3 · H2O und ZnSeO3 · H2O (mon.) kristallisieren in neuen Strukturtypen. Diese Befunde werden auf der Basis der Kristallstruktur von ZnSeO3 · H2O (P21/n, a = 477,9(1), b = 1319,4(5), c = 570,1(1) pm, β = 90,84(2)°, Z = 4, Dx = 3,886 g · cm-3, R = 0,035 für 722 Reflexe mit I 〉 2σ1) und der lokalen Pseudosymmetrie ihrer Bausteine (Schichten ∞2[ZnSeO3 · H2O] aus vierfach eckenverknüpften ZnO6-Oktaedern, SeO32--Anionen und H2O-Moleküle) diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Hydrogen selenites ; crystal structure ; IR ; Raman heating ; thermal analysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Hydrates M(HSeO3)2 · 4H2O (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) - Crystal Structures, IR, Raman, and Thermoanalytical InvestigationsFrom aqueous solutions of M(HSeO3)2 single crystals of Mg(HSeO3)2 · 4H2O and of the hitherto unknown compounds Co(HSeO3)2 · 4H2O, Ni(HSeO3)2 · 4H2O and Zn(HSeO3)2 · 4H2O could be obtained. The crystal structures, X-ray powder, IR, Raman and thermoanalytical (DTA, TG, Raman heating) data are presented and discussed. The crystal data of the isotypic compounds are: monoclinic, space group C2/c, Z = 4, Mg: a = 1 464.6(2), b = 755.3(1), c = 1 099.9(1) pm, β = 126.59(1)°, V = 0.9769(1) nm3, Co: a = 1 462.5(2), b = 756.5(2), c = 1 102.2(2) pm, β = 126.53(1)°, V = 0.9798(2) nm3, Ni: a = 1 452.2(2), b = 751.0(1), c = 1 091.5(1) pm, β = 126.28(1)°, V = 0.9595(1) nm3, Zn: a = 1 468.3(2), b = 755.8(1), c = 1 103.1(1) pm, β = 126.79(1)°, V = 0.9804(2) nm3. The crystal structures consist of hexagonal packed [M(HSeO3)2 · 2H2O]n chains of [MO4(H2O)2] octahedra linked by Se atoms. They contain trigonal pyramidal SeO2OH-ions with “free” hydroxyl groups and also “free” molecules of water of crystallization. The hydroxyl groups build strong H-bonds (O—H … O distances: 265-268 pm). The IR spectra show AB doublett bands in the OH stretching mode region of the hydroxyl groups. The water molecules of crystallization are linked to planar (H2O)4 tetramers by H-bonds with unusually short O—H … O bond distances of 271-273 pm. DTA and TG measurements indicate that thermal decomposition results in the direct formation of the respective diselenite MSe2O5. Raman heating measurements show under quasi static conditions the intermediate formation of the anhydrous hydrogen selenites.
    Notes: Aus M(HSeO3)2-Lösungen konnten erstmals Einkristalle von Mg(HSeO3)2 · 4H2O sowie die bisher nicht bekannten Verbindungen Co(HSeO3)2 · 4H2O, Ni(HSeO3)2 · 4H2O und Zn(HSeO3)2 · 4H2O erhalten werden. Die Kristallstrukturen, Röntgenpulverdaten, IR- und Raman-Spektren sowie die Ergebnisse thermoanalytischer (DTA, TG, Raman-Heizaufnahmen) Untersuchungen werden mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Die Kristalldaten der isotypen Verbindungen sind: monoklin, Raumgruppe C2/c, Z = 4, Mg: a = 1 464,6(2), b = 755,3(1), c = 1 099,9(1) pm, β = 126,59(1)°, V = 0,9769(1) nm3, Co: a = 1 462,5(2), b = 756,5(2), c = 1 102,2(2) pm, β = 126,53(1)°, V = 0,9798(2) nm3, Ni: a = 1 452,2(2), b = 751,0(1), c = 1 091,5(1) pm, β = 126,28(1)°, V = 0,9595(1) nm3, Zn: a = 1 468,3(2), b = 755,8(1), c = 1 103,1(1) pm, β = 126,79(1)°, V = 0,9804(2) nm3. Die Kristallstrukturen bestehen aus hexagonal gepackten [M(HSeO3)2 · 2H2O]n-Ketten Se-verbrückter [MO4(H2O)2]-Oktaeder. Sie enthalten trigonal pyramidale SeO2OH--Ionen mit „freien“ Hydroxylgruppen und „freie“ Kristallwassermoleküle. Die Hydroxylgruppen bilden starke H-Brücken (O—H … O-Abstände: 265-268 pm). Die IR-Spektren zeigen im Bereich der OH-Streckschwingungen der Hydroxylgruppen AB-Doublett-Banden. Die Kristallwassermoleküle sind zu planaren (H2O)4-Tetrameren mit ungewöhnlich kurzen O—H … Ow-Abständen (271 - 273 pm) H-verbrückt. Die thermische Zersetzung führt nach DTA- und TG-Messungen direkt zum jeweiligen Diselenit MSe2O5. Mittels Raman-Heizaufnahmen unter Quasi-Gleichgewichtsbedingungen konnte erstmals die intermediäre Bildung wasserfreier Hydrogenselenite beobachtet werden.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-07-15
    Description: The formation of a complex nervous system requires the intricate interaction of neurons and glial cells. Glial cells generally migrate over long distances before they initiate their differentiation, which leads to wrapping and insulation of axonal processes. The molecular pathways coordinating the switch from glial migration to glial differentiation are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that, within the Drosophila eye imaginal disc, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling coordinates glial proliferation, migration and subsequent axonal wrapping. Glial differentiation in the Drosophila eye disc requires a succession from glia-glia interaction to glia-neuron interaction. The neuronal component of the fly eye develops in the peripheral nervous system within the eye-antennal imaginal disc, whereas glial cells originate from a pool of central-nervous-system-derived progenitors and migrate onto the eye imaginal disc. Initially, glial-derived Pyramus, an FGF8-like ligand, modulates glial cell number and motility. A switch to neuronally expressed Thisbe, a second FGF8-like ligand, then induces glial differentiation. This switch is accompanied by an alteration in the intracellular signalling pathway through which the FGF receptor channels information into the cell. Our findings reveal how a switch from glia-glia interactions to glia-neuron interactions can trigger formation of glial membrane around axonal trajectories. These results disclose an evolutionarily conserved control mechanism of axonal wrapping, indicating that Drosophila might serve as a model to understand glial disorders in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Franzdottir, Sigridur Rut -- Engelen, Daniel -- Yuva-Aydemir, Yeliz -- Schmidt, Imke -- Aho, Annukka -- Klambt, Christian -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):758-61. doi: 10.1038/nature08167. Epub 2009 Jul 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Neurobiologie, Universitat Munster, Badestr. 9, D-48149 Munster, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Eye/*cytology/growth & development/innervation/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/*metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Ligands ; Neuroglia/*cytology/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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