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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific variation of two components in sex pheromone gland ofPlanotortrix excessana sibling species (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 457-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromones ; Planotortrix excessana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; leafroller ; intraspecific variation ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two components, (Z)-5- and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetates, in the sex pheromone gland of aPlanotortrix excessana sibling species, were found to vary continuously from a ratio of 3∶97 to 71∶29 in individual female moths reared from wild larvae collected around New Zealand. Two laboratory colonies were established from populations representing extremes of these ratios. Although both the ratios and the total quantities of the components in individual female moths from both colonies were significantly different from each other, there was a small number of females that overlapped in both ratio and quantity. The variation was confirmed as intraspecific in a field cage experiment with male moths from both populations mating with tethered female moths from both populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014692
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of aPlanotortrix excessana sibling species and reinvestigation of related species (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2461-2474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Planotortrix excessana ; Ctenopseustis ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromones ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; tetradecyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone of aPlanotortrix excessana sibling species was investigated. Females were found to produce eight potential pheromone components: dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate (14∶OAc). (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate (Z5-14∶OAc), (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14∶OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, (Z)-7-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate. When these compounds were bioassayed using field-trapping and wind-tunnel techniques, only 14∶OAc,Z5-14∶OAc, andZ7-14∶OAc were found to be behaviorally active. The sex pheromone glands of females of other species including,Planotortrix “MBS,”Planotortrix “M,”P. notophaea, Ctenopseustis servana, and aC. obliquana sibling species, were also found to containZ5-14∶OAc orZ7-14∶OAc, singly or in combination. In the case ofPlanotortrix “M,” the addition ofZ7-14∶OAc to the previously identified sex pheromone blend ofZ5-14∶OAc and 14∶OAc was found to increase trap captures of male moths of this species. Thus in these New Zealand species (and in some Australian species),Z5-14∶OAc andZ7-14∶OAc appear to be utilized in combination in pheromonal communication just as (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate are used by many species of Holarctic Tortricidae in the tribe Archipini.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017469
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific variation and interspecific differences in sex pheromones of sibling species inCtenopseustis obliquana complex (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 413-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ctenopseustis obliquana ; Tortricinae ; Lepidoptera ; pheromones ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate ; sibling species ; blend preferences ; electrophysiology ; intraspecific variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The specific status ofCtenopseustis obliquana pheromone-types I, II, and III has been more fully examined. Females of types I and III produce a mixture of (Z)-8- and (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetates (Z8-14:Ac, Z5-14: Ac). The previously reported different ratios of these two components in females of the two types (type I=80∶20, III=90∶10) have been reinvestigated. The median ratios of each type differed significantly, although there was some overlap in the ranges of these ratios. A field cage trial showed that males of type III are attracted to females of type I, so the observed differences may be ascribed to intraspecific variation. In contrast to females of types I or III, females of type II produce Z5-14∶Ac but no Z8-14∶Ac. The electroantennogram (EAG) profile of antennae of type II males shows a maximum response to Z5-14∶Ac, while the EAG profiles of types I and III show a strong response to Z8-14∶Ac. In wind tunnel tests using mixtures of these two compounds, type II males prefer blends consisting of all or mostly Z5-14: Ac, while type I males showed a preference to a mix of 70% Z8-14∶Ac plus 30% Z5-14∶Ac. We found that type I males are attracted to type I females when offered a choice between type I and type II females in a field cage test and that type II males similarly prefer type II females. Males of types I and II have specialist cells for Z8-14∶Ac and Z5-14∶Ac but differ with respect to relative densities of these cells and to further cell types responsive to other alkenyl acetates. Type IIC. obliquana is considered therefore a sibling species of types I and III. In addition, the amount of Z5-14∶Ac produced by type II females varied geographically. Females from the North Island produced significantly less (median=1.2 ng) Z5-14∶Ac than females from the South Island (median=2.2 ng). Type II populations in the North Island morphologically resembled sympatric type I, rather than type II from the South Island and are designated as type II (North Island). Type II (North Island) populations have so far been found only at Rukuhia (near Hamilton) and from Kerikeri. In contrast, type II populations are sympatric with type III populations over much of the South Island. In a field cage trial, males of types II and II (North Island) were attracted to females of both II and II (North Island). We tentatively ascribe the differences between type II and type II (North Island) to intraspecific variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994342
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