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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Na-Pump current-voltage relationship ; Na dependence ; Access channel ; N-Terminus truncation ; (Xenopus oocyte)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Currents generated by the Na+/K+ ATPase were measured under voltage clamp in oocytes of Xenopus laevis. The dependence of pump current on external [Na+] was investigated for the endogenous Xenopus pump as well as for wild-type and mutated pumps of electroplax of Torpedo californica expressed in the oocytes. The mutants had α-subunits truncated before position Lys28 (αΔK28) or Thr29 (αΔT29) of the N-terminus. The currents generated by all variants of pump molecules in the presence of 5 mM K+ show voltage-dependent inhibition by external [Na+]. The apparent K1 values increase with membrane depolarisation, and the potential dependence can be described by the movement of effective charges in the electrical potential gradient across the membrane. Taking into account Na+-K+ competition for external binding to the E2P form, apparent K1 values and effective charges for the interaction of the Na+ ions with the E2P form can be estimated. For the Xenopus pump the effective charge amounts to 1.1 of an elementary charge and the K1 value at 0 mV to 44 mM. For the wild-type Torpedo pump, the analysis yields values of 0.73 of an elementary charge and 133 mM, respectively. Truncation at the N-terminus removing a lysinerich cluster of the a-subunit of the Torpedo pump leads to an increase of the effective charge and decrease of the K1 value. For αΔK28, values of 0.83 of an elementary charge and 117 mM are obtained, respectively. If LyS28 is included in the truncation (α·T29), the effective charge increases to 1.5 of an elementary charge and the apparent K1 value is reduced to 107 mM. The K, values for pump inhibition by external Na+, calculated by taking into account Na+-K+ competition, are smaller than the K/12 values determined in the presence of 5 mM [K+]. The difference is more pronounced for those pump variants that have higher Km, values. The variations of the parameters describing inhibition by external [Na+] are qualitatively similar to those described for the stimulation of the pumps by external [K+] in the absence of extracellular [Na+]. The observations may be explained by an acess channel within the membrane dielectric that has to be passed by the external Na+ and K+ ions to reach or leave their binding sites. The potential-dependent access and/or the interaction with the binding sites shows species differences and is affected by cytoplasmic lysine residues in the N-terminus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyltriflate ; Tris(trimethylsilyl)silylamine ; Lithium Amide ; X-Ray Structure ; Spectroscopic Data ; Agostic Interactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tris(trimethylsilyl)silylamine and the lithiated and silylated Derivatives  -  X-Ray Structure of the dimeric Lithium Trimethylsilyl-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]amideThe ammonolysis of the chlor, brom or trifluormethanesulfonyl tris(trimethylsilyl)silane yields the colorless tris(trimethylsilyl)silylamine, destillable at 51°C and 0.02 Torr. The subsequent lithiation, reaction with chlor trimethylsilane and repeated lithiation lead to the formation of lithium tris(trimethylsilyl)silylamide, trimethylsilyl-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]amine and finally lithium trimethylsilyl-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]amide, which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 1 386.7(2); b = 2 040.2(3); c = 1 609.6(2) pm; β = 96.95(1)° and Z = 4 dimeric molecules. The cyclic Li2N2 moiety with Li—N bond distances displays a short transannular Li … Li contact of 229 pm. The dimeric molecule shows nearly C2-symmetry, so that one lithium atom forms agostic bonds to both the trimethylsilyl groups, the other one to the tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl substituents. However, the 7Li{1H}-NMR spectrum displays a high field shifted singlet at  - 1.71 ppm. The lithiation of trimethylsilyl-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]amine leads to a high field shift of the 29Si{1H} resonance of about 12 ppm for the Me3SiN group, whereas the parameters of the tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl ligand remain nearly unaffected.
    Notes: Die Ammonolyse von Chlor-, Brom- oder Trifluormethansulfonyl-tris(trimethylsilyl)silan ergibt das bei 51°C/0,02 Torr zu destillierende, farblose Tris(trimethylsilyl)silylamin. Durch Lithiierung erhält man das in Benzol dimer vorliegende Lithium-tris(trimethylsilyl)silylamid; die anschließende Umsetzung mit Chlortrimethylsilan und abermalige Lithiierung führen zu dem in Benzol ebenfalls dimer auftretenden Lithiumtrimethylsilyl-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]amid, das in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/n mit a = 1 386,7(2); b = 2 040,2(3); c = 1 609,6(2) pm; β = 96,95(1)° und Z = 4 Dimeren kristallisiert. Das zentrale Strukturelement bildet der Li2N2-Cyclus mit Li—N-Abständen um 202 pm und einem kurzen Li … Li-Kontakt von 229 pm. Das dimere Molekül weist nahezu C2-Symmetrie auf, so daß das eine Lithiumatom agostische Bindungen zu den zwei Trimethylsilyl-Gruppen, das andere hingegen zu den Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl-Substituenten aufweist, allerdings läßt sich in benzolischer Lösung 7Li{1H}-NMR-spektroskopisch nur ein Hochfeld-verschobenes Singulett bei  -  1,71 ppm beobachten. Im 29Si{1H}-NMR-Spektrum läßt sich durch die Lithiierung des Trimethylsilyl-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]amins eine Hochfeldverschiebung um 12 ppm für den Me3SiN-Rest registrieren, während die NMR-Parameter des Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl-Liganden eine nur geringe Verschiebung erfahren.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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