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  • Oxford University Press  (45)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)  (33)
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2015-2019  (104)
  • 1955-1959  (3)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-07-07
    Description: Journal of Proteome Research DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00307
    Print ISSN: 1535-3893
    Electronic ISSN: 1535-3907
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Presented at Biology Department Summer Student Presentations, Woods Hole, MA, August 8, 2019
    Description: The ocean’s mesopelagic zone or “twilight zone” (200-1000m) has been understudied relative to other areas of the ocean, such as the surface waters, but mesopelagic fish are now thought to be highly abundant. Through diel vertical migrations (DVM) to consume prey in surface waters at night, these fish may contribute to ocean carbon sequestration, a valuable regulating ecosystem service. Apex predators from the surface waters are known to consume mesopelagic fish, establishing an important ecological connection. As overharvesting continues to deplete surface fisheries, especially on the high seas, some fishing interests have begun exploring the potential harvest of mesopelagic fish to supply fishmeal and fish oil markets. Off the US West Coast, where the mesopelagic extends into the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), the regional Pacific Fishery Management Council established in 2016 a moratori-um on the harvest of certain mesopelagic fish families. This study adapted a bioeconomic decision mod-el originally designed for the Pacific sardine fishery to examine the tradeoffs between the values gained from a hypothetical mesopelagic fishery with the potential values lost from declines in predators of mesopelagic fish facing a reduced prey source. Biological parameters from ecological relationships were obtained from a recent Ecopath model of the California Current system. Economic values comprised the net price of mesopelagic fish (in a fishmeal end use), the net price of commercially harvested predators, and estimates of the nonmarket demand for non-commercial predators. From an economic perspective, when considering only the potential lost values associated with commercial predators, a moratorium on mesopelagic fish would not be justified. When the lost values of noncommercial predators were also considered, a moratorium would be justified. The economic rationale for a moratorium is sensitive to the scale of the non-market values attributed to non-commercial predators as well as other parameters describing ecological relationships.
    Keywords: Fishmeal ; Forage fish ; Mesopelagic fish ; Moratorium ; Non-market value ; Valuable predators ; Willingness to pay
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Presentation
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This report is a general, but comprehensive, description and analysis of industrial organization in the field of marine electronic instrumentation (MEl), a broadly defined "industry," which until now has received little systematic, scholarly attention. The report reviews the current literature on international trade and competitiveness, as well as trade and scientific journals relevant to the industry. The resul ts of a series of interviews with representatives of the industry and responsible government agencies are presented and industry and government data on R&D and output have been collected and analyzed together with other indicators of industrial performance. On the basis of these sources, the structure of the industry and its markets is characterized and the importance of marine electronic instrumenation in international high technology trade is established. Over 350 firms in the U.S. industry are identified, which annually earn total estimated gross revenues of approximately $5 billion. These firms fall into three largely distinct industry groups: (1) defense systems contractors; (2) commercial marine electronics; and (3) scientific instrumentation. The first group is by far the largest in sales volume and is oligopolistic in structure, consisting of a few large rivals for infrequent and complex defense systems contracts. The other groups are more purely competitive. Four major customer groups are distinguished: (1) military; (2) commercial and recreational shipping and boating; (3) offshore oil and gas; and (4) oceanographic/environmental. Most of the firms in the industry face international competititon. The importance of marine electronic instrumentation to technological advance and economic activity in the world's oceans is strongly apparent. Parameters affecting the international competitiveness of firms in this industry, including those relating to industry structure and behavior and governmental practices and institutions such as sponsored research, procurement, intellectual property rights, tax allowances, antitrust enforcement, small business encouragements, export controls, import restrictions, exchange rates, and technology transfer are summarized. A number of issues relating to international competititon, economic analysis, and government policy that are fruitful areas for further research also are identified.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Ocean Service, Office of Marine Operations through a grant to the Massachusetts Centers of Excellence Corporation, grant Number NA87-AA-D-M0037.
    Keywords: Boats and boating ; Electronic equipment ; Electronics in navigation ; Economic aspects
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The two extremes of the program in this six month period were the Submerged Navigation System which was demonstrated to be a successful field system, and the near Bottom Continuous Gravity System, which was priced out of the market by the acceleration characteristics of ALVIN. In all the other subjects discussed in summary immediately below and in more detail further on, satisfactory progress was made. Again aircraft scheduling has held up further work on the Air Sea Systems project, but there is definite hope for some aircraft tiem in the fall. The Development of Equipment for Deep Sea Biological Research has been terminiated as of the beginning of this report.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-71-C-0284; NR 293-008.
    Keywords: Underwater navigation ; Oceanographic submersibles ; Marine engineering ; Geology--Research
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The navigation system previously reported on is currently (July 1974) being used by ALVIN in a study of Mid-Atlantic Ridge as part of Project FAMOUS. According to all reports the system is a most important factor in making the project successful so far. Engineering design, construction and testing are the main efforts in the subjects summarized below with more detail later on.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-71-C-0284; NR 293-008.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The work sponsored by ARPA at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is having an impact on efforts by those not directly involved in the projects both within and without the Institution. The navigation system being developed for submersible/mother ship has been recognized as a very useful system by members of the Geology/Geophysics Department and the Department of Physical Oceanography. Each department is now developing their own system based on the work already completed by the Ocean Engineering Department under the ARPA contact. Through the ARPA contract ComPhibLant (specifically ComPhibRonTen) was shown some of the advantages of doing something new about small boat and heavy object handling at sea and this program is expected to have some direct effect upon methods they will use in the future. Although the project concerned with developing biological equipment for deep sea work has not continued as part of the ARPA program, the seed was succssfully sown and several items are being developed at the Institution under separate funding. All the projects continued at a fair pace but not without some problems. The Deep Sea Rock Drill had some minor setbacks during operations with ALVIN, and the Air-Sea System (Long Range Ech-Ranging) project was hampered by a faulty engine aboard the air craft. Summaries of progress are given immediately below and more detail is available in the individual reports further on.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-71-C00284; NR 293-008.
    Keywords: Oceanographic submersibles ; Oceanographic buoys ; Submarine geology ; Underwater acoustics ; Sonar
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Also published as: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 68 (1980): 1750-1767
    Description: Acoustical signals at 270 Hz from SOFAR floats drifting in the region southeast of the Gulf Stream were recorded during most of 1975 from a near axis sound channel hydrophone near Bermuda. The amplitude levels received exhibit a large increase (12–18 dB) commencing about 24 July, following a long period (March to July) of relatively lower peak level amplitudes. A major part of the increase can be attributed to the influence of a large cyclonic eddy (Gulf Stream ring) that passed slowly between the SOFAR floats and Bermuda. Such an eddy produces a large sound speed anomaly that extends to depths below the axis of the sound channel. On 24 July, two SOFAR floats were known to have approximately the same sound transmission path through the edge of the large eddy. The sound transmission peaks occur when no ocean eddy is between the SOFAR floats and the receiver. Their spacing shows they occur at regular refraction caustics in the sound channel. When the sound transmission path passes through an eddy, these transmission focal distances are shifted to greater range and the signal level may be greatly enhanced. The decrease of caustic peak intensities with range is 5 dB per double distance, and this agrees with theory. Several different levels of peak acoustic intensity occur and these result from two float depths and oceanic thermocline oscillations.
    Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C-0262; NR 083-004·.
    Keywords: Underwater acoustics ; Eddies
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Eighty-two CTD stations were taken in the Mediterranean Sea during February, 1975 . These stations were concentrated in the Alboran Sea near Gibraltar to investigate whether water typical of the deep western Mediterranean was flowing directly up and over the sill at Gibraltar. Temperature, salinity, and potential temperature at standard pressures are presented for each of the stations.
    Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE76-10940 and OCE74-19782 A03 and for the National Oceanographic Data Center under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Purchase Order 6-19641 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Chain (Ship : 1958-) Cruise CH118
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This case study provides a description and evaluation of marine area governance and management in the Gulf of Maine. On the advice of the Oversight Committee, we began the study at a broad level by identifying marine resources, uses of the resources, existing management regimes, and conflicts among users of the resources. The results of these initial reviews are collected in the tables in Appendix A. The Oversight Committee also suggested that we develop a chronology of important events relating to marine area governance and management in the Gulf of Maine, which is included as Appendix B. As is clear from even a quick scan of the material in Appendix A, almost every conceivable use of the marine environment occurs in the Gulf of Maine at some scale. However, some of these uses are more problematic than others in terms of the governance and management problems they engender. Rather than take a broadbrush approach that might not have done justice to any of the region's many ocean resources and uses, we decided to focus the case study on one or more of its most difficult and consequential governance and management issues. The initial survey enabled us to focus in on a subset of resources, use conflicts, and governance issues, namely those associated mainly with marine fisheries governance and management. Several considerations support the argument for a focus on fisheries governance and management. The marine fisheries are a regional-scale resource and industry, due to the mobility of the fish stocks, the geographic distribution of the users of the resource, and the fact that governance institutions have been designed to have regionwide authority. Thus fisheries mismanagement has the potential to inflict widespread social detriment and significant economic losses. Indeed, the net cost of depleted groundfish stocks under the current management structure, relative to the condition of stocks in an optimally managed fishery, has been estimated at about $139 million annually, or just under one-fifth the landed value of the entire Gulf of Maine commercial catch. Other ocean resources with potentially regional impacts, such as offshore energy, are not being pursued in the Gulf of Maine region at levels that pose significant concerns. Consequently, non-fishery resource management problems in the Gulf of Maine are, for the most part, local in scale, of comparatively minor economic significance, and not unique to the region. There is no evidence, for example, of "system-wide degradation of marine environmental quality in the Gulf of Maine. . . . The Gulf as a whole remains relatively clean, although the deep central basins appear to be accumulating several pollutants, including PAHs and PCBs" (GOMCME 1994; see also Dow and Braasch 1996 and Gould, Clark, and Thurberg 1994). Given that most pollutants of concern are concentrated in inshore waters near urban areas and in the mouths of industrialized rivers, it is not at all clear that they could be dealt with more effectively or efficiently at the regional level. In sum, our focus on fisheries reflects our judgment that the greatest net benefits might be obtained from improvements in the governance and management of these marine resources within the Gulf of Maine region.
    Description: This case study was produced for the purposes of the Committee on Marine Area Governance and Management of the National Research Council (NRC), Agreement No. DOT -3830-96-002.
    Keywords: Marine resources conservation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This report represents a first step at considering the potential for the use of market-based incentives to aid in the resolution of fishery bycatch problems. Market-based incentives have several advantages over more traditional command-and-control approaches, including cost-effective allocations of environmental controls; incentives for firms to seek technological solutions; flexibility; returns to the public for the use of its resources; and lower administrative costs in some cases. Notwithstanding these advantages and with several notable exceptions, market-based incentives are almost never employed in the management of fishery bycatch problems. There may be several reasons why this is the case, including significant distributional effects, high costs of monitoring and enforcement, difficulties in educating consumers about product attributes, administrative and transactions costs, or merely oversight. We consider this report to be an "advanced outline" of the issues surrounding the consideration of market-based incentives. We begin first by developing in Section 2 a definition of bycatch, including a "typology" of bycatch types. Next, we compile available public information on bycatch in U.S. fisheries, as defined by target species, location, and gear type (Section 3 and Appendix 1). We then review, in Section 4, two potentially relevant strands of literature, the economic theory of multispecies fisheries and studies from other social sciences of how small-scale fisheries deal with problems of bycatch. In Section 5, we describe, in general, the kinds of market-based policy instruments that may be of use in managing bycatch problems. Following this evaluation, we identify and discuss, as case studies; three priority fisheries: th~ northeastern groundfish fishery; the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery; and the eastern tropical Pacific yellowfin tuna fishery (Section 6). Finally, in Section 7, we outline approaches to identifying appropriate policy instruments, including a qualitative comparison of market-based approaches, an examination of the effect of specific types of uncertainty on the choice between taxes and ITQs, and the development of a "proposal" for a bycatch management "policy package." This section concludes with a proposal for a set of priority market-based approaches to bycatch management in the three cases discussed in Section 6.
    Description: NOAA Contract No. 50-DGNF-5-00172
    Keywords: Bycatch ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Working Paper
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