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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 102-110 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The physical and chemical characteristics that influence the conversion of fuel nitrogen to nitrogen oxides during coal char combustion were theoretically examined by using a simplified model in which nitric oxide is an intermediate product between fuel nitrogen and N2.It was found that diffusion-reaction interactions were important in determining the selectivity of the char particle toward nitric oxide production. At low temperature fluidized bed combustion conditions, pore size is important, and low conversion of fuel nitrogen to nitric oxide is favored by long narrow pores. Under high temperature, pulverized coal combustion conditions, the model provided insight into mechanisms of nitric oxide formation and predicted the observed weak temperature dependence of fuel nitrogen conversion, as well as a significant effect of particle size.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 81-87 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetic mechanisms of fuel nitrogen conversion to NO and N2 in a diffusion flame were investigated. A simple model of a diffusion flame in which the reaction zone has a finite thickness was developed. The purpose of this model was to allow the testing of complex kinetic mechanisms of pollutant formation under conditions where the fuel and oxidant feed rates are controlled by diffusion. A simple kinetic mechanism in which fuel nitrogen was simulated by nitrogen atoms showed the correct functional dependence of nitric oxide emissions on fuel nitrogen content. The model also predicts a significant effect of combustion intensity and temperature on fuel nitrogen conversion. For the hydrogen air diffusion flame the Zeldovich reaction mechanism could account for the production of N2 as well as NO.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1080-1087 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method for the interpretation of data which results from a signal altered by a process of known weighting function was developed. The method is based on the numerical evaluation and inversion of the Laplace transform. For two different weighting functions, it is shown how narrow a signal can be interpreted accurately. The method is then applied to coal volatilization data.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A thorough search for electrocatalysts for anodic oxygen evolution from caustic potash solution together with an investigation for the main reasons of ohmic potential drops in the interelectrode gap has lead to a new concept for an advanced medium temperature (150° to 200°C), medium pressure (30 to 100 bars) alkaline water electrolysis. The new concept will allow electrolytic water decomposition at temperatures between 160° and 200°C with current densities of 1 to 1.5 A/cm2 and cell voltages between 1.55 and 1.65 V.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 41 (1990), S. 457-463 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chlorkorrosion von Graphiten und technischen Kohlenstoffen - I. Reaktion mit gasförmigem Chlor bei höheren TemperaturenTechnische Graphite und Kohlenstoffe werden als Baumaterial für chemische Apparate und Ausrüstungen, in denen heißes Chlor gehandhabt wird, verwendet. Derartige Kohlenstoffsorten werden aber bei Temperaturen von mehr als 500°C von Chlor mit meßbarer Geschwindigkeit angegriffen. Sie können daher bei höheren Temperaturen kaum mehr als beständig gegenüber Chlor angesehen werden, obwohl thermodynamisch Kohlenstoff in Chloratmosphäre mit zunehmender Temperatur beständiger wird. Für eine Reihe technischer Graphite und Kohlenstoffe unter Einschluß von Glaskohlenstoff wurde die erosive Korrosion in Chloratmosphäre zwischen 600° und 800°C vermessen und mit der erosiven Korrosion in Luft, Kohlendioxid sowie Mischungen aus Chlor und Sauerstoff sowie Kohlendioxid verglichen. Zwischen 600 und 800°C ist die Reaktion von Kohlenstoff mit Chlor kinetisch kontrolliert. Die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit wird kaum durch die Struktureigenschaften der Kohlenstoffsorten beeinflußt. Die höchste gemessene Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit in reinem Chlor beträgt rd. 0,5 mm/Jahr bei 800°C. Die Verbrennung in Luft erfolgt etwa um fünf Größenordnungen schneller. Chlor in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff (0,8/0,2) inhibiert die Oxidation und verlangsamt sie um rd. den Faktor 100, jedoch wird die Oxidation mit Kohlendioxid durch Chlor nicht verlangsamt. Bei der Chlorkorrosion der Kohlenstoffe entstehen außer CCl4 (Hauptprodukt) und C2Cl4 eine Reihe perchlorierter Aromaten wie z. B. Oktachlorstyrol und Hexachlorbenzol.
    Notes: Graphite and graphitized technical carbons are used for the construction of chemical apparatus and equipment, which handle chlorine at higher temperatures. Technical carbons are attacked at temperatures above 500°C by chlorine with seizable rate so that they cannot be assumed to be stable at elevated temperatures although thermodynamically carbon in chlorine atmosphere becomes more stable as the temperature increases. The erosive/corrosive degradation of a number of technical carbons, including glassy carbons, by chlorine has been investigated in the temperature range 600 to 800°C. Chlorine corrosion has been compared with the corrosive action of oxygen, mixtures of oxygen and chlorine, carbon dioxide and mixtures of CO2 and chlorine. Chlorine corrosion is the slowest degradation process of all. Between 600 and 800°C the weight loss of these carbons in chlorine atmosphere is much slower than mass transfer limited and is kinetically controlled and its rate increases up to 0.5 mm/year at the highest temperature (800°C). Combustion in oxygen atmosphere is by five orders of magnitude faster than chlorine attack on carbon.Chlorine in presence of oxygen decelerates the combustion rate a lot, but chlorine has almost no influence on the rate of CO2-attack on technical carbons. The detailed structure of different technical carbons bears only little on chlorine corrosion rates whereas it has an influence on the combustion rate with oxygen. A number of chlorinated aromatic olefines and compounds like octachlorostyrene and hexachlorobenzene are formed as byproducts of the chlorine attack on carbons. The main products are CCl4 and C2Cl4. A second paper will deal with anodic corrosion of Cl2-evolving carbon anodes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 13 (1975), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 1410-1414 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 81 (1948), S. 553-554 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Über die Acetylacton-Verbindung läßt sich aus technischem Ribamin-Sirup in guter Ausbeute reines d-Ribamin-hydrochlorid gewinnen. Dieses liefert bei der Einwirkung von Königswasser ein Produkt, aus dem bei der Destillation im Hochvakuum ein Anhydropentit, C5H10O4, vom Schmp. 99° und [α]D21:+66.7° (in Wasser) hervorgeht.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 1084-1095 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Verfahren zur Aufbesserung der Brennstoffeigenschaften von Biomasse orientieren sich weitgehend an der Vergasung oder Verflüssigung von Braunkohle. Die hydrierende Umsetzung der in der Biomasse vorliegenden Biopolymere (Cellulosen, Lignin und Lignocellulosen) erfordern vor dem hydrierenden Angriff den chemischen Abbau der komplexen Biopolymer-Matrix. Man unterscheidet pyrolytische Verfahren (350 bis 500°C, drucklos) von den unter Druck durchgeführten hydrolytischen, solvolytischen und extraktiven Verfahren. Die relativ hohen Investitionskosten der Iysierenden Verfahren erfordern wegen der “Economy of scale” eine Mindestanlagengröße von mehreren hundert MW. Die Biomassevergasung und die darauf aufbauende Wasserstoff und Methanol-Erzeugung aus Biomasse sind vom Investitionsaufwand her gesehen auch für kleinere Anlagen geeignet. In nächster Zukunft dürfte sich die energetische Biomassenutzung allerdings auf die direkte Verbrennung in Biomasse-Heizkraftwerken bzw. die Vergasung und Verstromung des Gases in Brennstoffzellen beschränken.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 65 (1993), S. 89-92 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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