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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 681-685 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biomass energetic yield ; cyanobacterial composition ; degree of reduction ; growth temperature ; heat of combustion ; maintenance coefficient ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of growth pahase and temperature on the molecular and elemental composition of Anabaena variabilis cells grown under nitrogen-fixing conditions have been studied in batch cultures. Irrespective of the growth temperature, this cyanobacterium underwent a gradual increase in its protein and lipid contents in the transition from exponential to deceleration pahse that was accompanied by a parallel decrease in carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Also in response to this, transition increases in carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen contents with a concomitant decline in oxygen content was a common pattern for all growth temperatures tested. Whereas temperature rise did not affect significantly the protein and carbohydrate contents in exponentially growing cells, for cells in the deceleration phase proteins declined and carbohydrates increased with increasing temperature. From growth and elemental composition data several bioenergetic parameters were derived for A. variabilis cells. Both aging of cultures and rise in temperature resulted in increases of both biomass degree of reduction and heat of combustion. Nevertheless, biomass energetic yield was only slightly affected by variations in growth temperature and the maintenance coefficient was virtually constant within the range of temperatures tested. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytomechanics ; invasion mechanisms ; kinematic analysis ; parasites ; protoplasm flow ; video microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Spores of the microsporidium Nosema algerae were stimulated to germinate in vitro while observed with video-enhanced contrast microscopy. Field-by-field playback of tape-recorded sequences yielded the first serial illustrations and kinematic analysis of the explosive discharge of the polar filament and the sporoplasm. The filament emerges from the anterior pole of the spore in a regularly pitched helicoidal course along a nearly straight axis, with a mean maximum instant velocity of 105 μm/s. Just before elongation is completed the filament tip follows a tortuous path that often results in a curved or spiralling terminal configuration. Then elongation stops and, after a lag that may vary from less than 15 to over 500 ms, the sporoplasm pours out at the filament tip forming a globule that quickly grows up to a size larger than its original volume within the spore. Concomitantly, the helical filament becomes straightened and frequently the spore body is pulled forward. Thereafter a relaxed filament, usually 5-10% shorter than when maximally extended, remains connecting the empty spore case and the sporoplasmic droplet. Experiments with hyperosmolar media produced a considerable slowdown of filament extrusion and often precluded sporoplasm discharge. The present results are fully consistent with the hypothesis of a hydrostatic pressure-triggered mechanism of spore germination, and revealed that the process is composed of two discrete phases separated by a variable lag: (1) complete eversion of the polar filament, and (2) passage of the main sporoplasm mass along the tube. The data provide a preliminary basis toward the conception of a quantitative physical model of microsporidian spore germination. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This publication presents the SWISS-2DPAGE database which gathers data on proteins identified on various two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) maps. Each SWISS-2DPAGE entry contains data on one protein, including mapping procedures, physiological and pathological data and bibliographical references, as well as several 2-D PAGE images showing the protein location. Links are also provided to other databases such as SWISS-PROT, EMBL, PROSITE and OMIM. The database has been set up on a server which may be accessed from any computer connected to the internet and it also makes it possible to display the theoretical location of proteins, the positions of which are not yet known on the 2-D PAGE.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 849-865 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Navier-stokes ; Rotating cylinders ; Viscous dissipation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A computational study of viscous flow between two eccentrically rotating cylinders is presented in which the effect of viscous dissipation is taken into account. The space discretization is based on piecewise linear finite elements with velocity stabilization, while the method of characteristics is used for time integration. Numerical results illustrate the efficiency of the adopted approach.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Human umbilical vein endothelial cells ; Xanthine oxidase ; Glucose regulated protein ; Heat shock protein ; Stress protein expression ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Endothelial cell dysfunction is a key factor in oxidative stress-related pathology. Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis is thought to be responsible for much of the endothelial cell dysfunction in oxidative stress. The expression of molecular chaperones (MC), which stabilize protein structures in normal and in stress conditions, reflects the Ca2+ -dependent and -independent stress effects in the different cell compartments. By two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, combined with immunoblotting or microsequencing, we have identified 12 major MC in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC): (i) the endoplasmic reticulum-located MC GRP78, GRP94, protein disulfide isomerase, and calreticulin; (ii) the mitochondrial MC HSP65 and GRP75; and (iii) the cytosolic/nuclear MC HSP27, HSC70, HSP70, HSP90, cyclophilin, and ubiquitin. To differentiate oxidative stress- and Ca2+ -mediated effects, HUVEC were exposed to 1) xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine to generate oxidative stress, 2) ionomycin plus ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to deplete intracellular Ca2+ stores, or 3) thrombin to increase cytosolic Ca2+. De novo protein synthesis after exposure was quantified by the incorporation of [35S]methionine. Image processing with the MELANIE system was used to create and compare the 2-D maps of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins under conditions 1)-3) with those of the controls. In a total of 24 2-D gels, 9 different MC were detected in at least 5 out 6 experimental replicates and were subjected to numeric analysis. The statistics showed a 〉 10% increase in GRP78 (p 〈 0.05), HSP27, cyclophilin, and ubiquitin after oxidative stress. Ionomycin plus EGTA influenced the expression of GRP78 (p 〈 0.01), cyclophilin, and ubiquitin in the same direction, but in addition increased GRP94 (p 〈 0.01) and calreticulin. Thrombin upregulated calreticulin (p 〈 0.05), HSC70, and cyclophilin. In conclusion, the computer analysis of MC expression on 2-D maps under different stress conditions reveals a differential correlation between the oxidative stress and the depletion of Ca2+ stores in HUVEC.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Aracytidine ; Cytidine ; Serum analysis ; Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aracytidine (cytarabine, 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine) is a synthetic analog of cytidine in which ribose is substituted by arabinose; it is used as a drug for the treatment of leukemia. A fast and reliable capillary electrophoretic method for the analysis of cytarabine and cytidine is described. The procedure utilizes the interactions with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles and borate, present in the background electrolyte, for the mobilization and selective separation of the analytes. The detection is carried out by UV absorbance at 275 nm. The method was applied both to pharmaceutical preparations and human serum. Analysis of an untreated serum requires 15 min; the detection limit is 0.8 μg/mL and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is 5.3%.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 12 (1991), S. 183-195 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: schedule-controlled performance ; reflector antenna ; dose dependency ; pulsed-microwaves effects ; high-power microwaves ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Behavioral effects of high-peak-power microwave pulses on Wistar rats were studied by operant schedules. Each of twelve rats that had been trained to press a lever to receive food pellets was assigned randomly in groups of four to three different schedules of reinforcement: fixed-ratio (FR), variable-interval (VI), and differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates (DRL). After achieving a steady baseline performance, each animal was exposed for 10 min to 1.25-GHz microwave radiation at 1-MW peak-power (10-μs pulse width). Each pulse produced a peak whole-body SA and SAR of 2.1 J/kg and 0.21 MW/kg. Total doses (SAs) were set to 0.50, 1.5, 4.5, and 14 kJ/kg by adjusting the pulse-repetition rate. The corresponding time-averaged whole-body SARs were 0.84, 2.5, 7.6, and 23 W/kg. A microwave-transparent animal holder was used to keep the animal's body axis parallel to the E-field. Exposures at the highest dose caused an average colonic temperature rise of 2.5 °C and these animals failed to respond at all for about 13 minutes after the exposure. Their colonic temperatures had decreased to 1.1 °C, or less, above their pre-exposure (normal) temperature level when they began to respond. The FR and VI animals failed to reach their baseline levels of performance thereafter, while those on the DRL schedule displayed variable effects. No behavioral effects were found at the lower dose levels. It is concluded that the behavioral perturbations produced by pulsed microwave irradiation were thermal in nature.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 12 (1994), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Carboxylation ; transport ; fasting ; exercise ; acidosis ; gluconeogenesis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pyruvate transport and carboxylation have been determined in mitochondria from liver and kidney cortex isolated from Wistar rats with acidosis produced by three different treatments: fasting, exercise and ingestion of ammonium chloride. Fasting for 48 h or swimming for 2 h resulted in an increased rate of CO2 fixation by mitochondria from both organs incubated with pyruvate. This increase was accompanied by a rise in the rate of pyruvate transport in all cases except in mitochondria derived from the kidney of the fasted animals. Acute acidosis produced by the ingestion of ammonium chloride resulted in increases in pyruvate transport and carboxylation in kidney mitochondria, but a drop in pyruvate carboxylation was observed in mitochondria from the liver. The results are discussed in terms of the differential regulation of the mitochondria steps for gluconeogenesis from three carbon precursors in liver and kidney, taking into consideration the hormonal status of the animals and the prevailing available substrates in each condition.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The goals of the MELANIE project are to determine if disease-associated patterns can be detected in high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (HR 2D-PAGE) images and if a diagnosis can be established automatically by computer. The ELSIE/MELANIE system is a set of computer programs which automatically detect, quantify, and compare protein spots shown on HR 2D-PAGE images. Classification programs help the physician to find disease-associated patterns from a given set of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis images and to form diagnostic rules. Prototype expert systems that use these rules to establish a diagnosis from new HR 2D-PAGE images have been developed. They successfully diagnosed cirrhosis of the liver and were able to distinguish a variety of cancer types from biopsies known to be cancerous.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This publication establishes a reference human liver protein map obtained with immobilized pH gradients. By microsequencing, 57 spots or 42 polypeptide chains were identified. By protein map comparison and matching (liver, red blood cell and plasma sample maps), 8 additional proteins were identified. The new polypeptides and previously known proteins are listed in a table and/or labeled on the protein map, thus providing a human liver two-dimensional gel database. This reference map can be used to identify protein spots on other samples such as rectal cancer biopsies.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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