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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of Cr(III)-polyacrylamide reaction kinetics by equilibrium dialysis (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 250-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A kinetic model was developed to describe the rate of reaction between chromium(III) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) that leads to the crosslinking or gelation of the polymer. Cr(III) was added directly to solutions of polyacrylamide which had a degree of hydrolysis of approximately 4%. The unreacted Cr(III) was separated from that which had reacted with the polymer by equilibrium dialysis and measured by atomic absorption.The rate of the reaction was described by an empirical model based on the assumption of invariant polymer group concentration during the reaction. The order of reaction was determined to be 1.32 for Cr(III), 0.8 for the polymer group, and -1.0 for hydrogen ion. Modifications were made to the model to allow for variation during reaction of the concentration of the polyacrylamide reactive group. The modified model accurately described the reaction rate for Cr(III) concentration ranging from 0.19 to 1.2 mM, polyacrylamide concentrations from 6.9 to 69 mM, and pH values from 4.0 to 5.5.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350209
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of β-galactosidase for application in organic chemistry using a chelating peptide (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 178-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: recombinant β-galactosidase fusion protein ; chelating peptide ; immobilized metal affinity chromatography ; immobilized enzyme ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The strong interaction of hexa-histidine fusion proteins with metal chelate adsorbents was utilized to immobilize β-galactosidase with a hexa-histidine peptide at the N-terminus to the Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid adsorbent. The fusion protein was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified soluble fusion protein showed the same specific activity as the purified β-galactosidase and retained 64 percent of its β-galactosidase activity when bound to the adsorbent. To demonstrate the potential of the immobilized β-galactosidase in organic chemistry, allyl-β-D-galactosidase was synthesized from lactose and allyl alcohol on a gram scale. The same enzyme preparation was reused in three subsequent batches to prepare the model compound with high yield. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fed-batch culture of Bacillus thuringiensis for thuringiensin production in a tower type bioreactor (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis ; glucose ; thuringiensin production ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fed-batch culture of Bacillus thuringiensis in a modified airlift reactor has been developed by using adaptive control of glucose concentration in the reactor. The glucose concentration was estimated via a correlation equation between carbon dioxide production rate and glucose consumption rate. The estimated glucose concentration as the output variable was fed back to computer for calculation of substrate addition. The modified reactor was an airlift reactor with a net draft tube. The airlift reactor had high oxygen transfer rate and low shear stress which were important factors for production of thuringiensin. Fed-batch culture of Bacillus thuringiensis in the modified airlift reactor provided significant improvement of thuringiensin production. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of draft tube gas-liquid-solid fluidized-bed bioreactor with immobilized living cells for phenol degradation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 498-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biological phenol degradation in a draft tube gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed (DTFB) bioreactor containing a mixed culture immobilized on spherical activated carbon particles was investigated. The characteristics of biofilms including the biofilm dry density and thickness, the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient, and the phenol removal rates under different operating conditions in the DTFB were evaluated. A phenol degradation rate as high as 18 kg/m3-day with an effluent phenol concentration less than 1 g/m3 was achieved, signifying the high treatment efficiency of using a DTFB.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300406
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical polymerization of mono- and di-methacrylic esters containing bisphenol-S (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 207 (1993), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die radikalische Polymerisation von Bisphenol-S enthaltenden Mono- und Dimethacrylsaureestern (BPS-M und BPS-DM) wurde bezüglich Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit, Läsungsmitteleinfluß, Copolymerisation und Kinetik der Photovernetzung untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß das Lösungsmittel die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit signifikant beeinflußt; polare Lösungsmittel wie DMSO und Acetonitril verlangsamen die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit. Die Copolymerisation von BPS-M (M1) mit MMA (M1) wurde in Aceton bei 60°C untersucht. Die Copolymerisationsparameter wurden nach der Fineman-Ross-Methode zu r1 = 3,72 ± 0,0l und r2 = 0,80 ± 0,0l berechnet. Die hohe Reaktivität von BPS-M in diesem Copolymerisationssystem kann vermutlich dem „Matrix-Effekt“ zugeschrieben werden. Funktionelle Polymere mit Methacrylat- Seitengruppen wurden erfolgreich modifiziert und durch Bestrahlung in Gegenwart von Benzoinisopropylether photovernetzt. Die Kinetik der Photovernetzung ist zweiter Ordnung.
    Notes: Radical polymerizations of mono- and di-methacrylic esters containing bisphenol-S (BPS-M and BPS-DM) were studied in terms of polymerization rate, solvent effect, copolymerization and kinetic measurements of photocrosslinking. The solvents were found to affect significantly the polymerization rate. Polar solvents such as DMSO and acetonitrile were found to slow down the polymerization rate. Copolymerization of BPS-M(M1) with MMA(M2) was studied in acetone at 60°C. The monomer reactivity ratios were calculated to be r1 = 3.72 ± 0.01 and r2 = 0.80 ± 0.01 by the Fineman-Ross method. The high reactivity of BPS-M observed in this copolymerization system may be due to the “matrix effect”. Functional polymers containing methacrylate side-groups were successfully modified and photocrosslinked by irradiation in the presence of benzoin isopropyl ether. The photocrosslinking process is found to be of second order kinetics.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052070105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of bilirubin-metal ion complexes (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 1 (1995), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectra of bilirubin-metal ion (Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) complexes (MBR) are reported. These spectra reveal significant differences between MBR and bilirubin (BR) itself. But SERS spectra of bilirubin-Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ complexes are similar to each other. The mole ratio of bilirubin-metal in the complexes M2+ : BR = 1 : 1 was measured. Empirical assignments of the major SERS bands are given. The spectrum of CuBR in solution is consistent with a square planar structure. It should be noted, however, that H2O or COOH of another BR molecule occupy the positions above and below the plane in solutions of complexes of this type and forms Cu—O bond.By comparing the SERS spectra of bilirubin-copper (or zinc) and biliverdin-copper (or zinc) complexes, the similar Raman frequencies and relative intensities were attributed to the oxidation of the bilirubin-copper (or zinc) complex to the green biliverdin-copper (Zn) complexes. It is shown that . © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bspy.350010210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-coated chemically modified electrode for the detection of uric acid in the presence of a high concentration of ascorbic acid (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 1009-1013 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Uric acid ; Poly(4-vinylpyridine) ; Chemically modified electrode ; Square wave voltammetry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A poly(4-vinylpyridine)-coated carbon paste electrode (PVP/CPE) was developed for the selective determination of uric acid (UA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) by square wave voltammetry. The oxidation of UA at carbon-based electrodes in acidic solutions suffers from interference from AA which can be oxidized at a potential close to that of UA. Due to the very distinct ability of AA and UA to form hydrogen bonds with PVP, the overlapped oxidation potentials of AA and UA can be separated. Linear calibration plots are obtained over the 0-9 μM and 10-30 μM in pH 1.1 buffer solution with slopes (μA/μM) and correlation coefficients of 3.6, 0.9992 and 7.5, 0.9989, respectively. The detection limit (3σ) is 0.2 μM. The acceptable tolerance of concentration of AA for the determination of 20 μM UA is at least as high as 0.1 mM. The practical analytical utility is illustrated by selective measurements of UA in human urine without any preliminary treatment.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical studies on the structures and electronic spectra of C70CH2 (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 61 (1997), S. 815-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) calculations were used to study the structure of C70CH2. It was found that the CH2 group is mainly added to the CI(SINGLE BOND)CII (CI represents the first kind of carbon atom and so on) or the CIII(SINGLE BOND)CIII bond in C70 and a cyclopropane feature with Cs symmetry is formed in the structure, which is in agreement with Smith et al.'s experiment. The electronic spectra of eight isomers of C70CH2 were calculated based on the optimized geometries. It was shown that the UV/vis spectra of C70CH2 and C70 resemble each other in many ways with the exception of the absorptions beyond 500 nm. The red-shift of the absorptions and NMR spectra of C70CH2 are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Evaluation of 2-{[(2-Oxo-1H-quinolin-8-yl)oxy]methyl}-Substituted α-Methylidene-γ-butyrolactones (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 80 (1997), S. 1161-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: O-Alkylation of 8-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one (1) afforded 8-(2-oxopropoxy)-1H-quinolin-2-one (2) which was immediately cyclized to form the tricyclic 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine,-5-one (3). The Reformatsky-type condensation of 3 furnished antiplatelet 8-[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-methylidene-5-oxofuran-2-yl)melhoxy]-1H-quinolin-2-one (4). Its counterparts 7a-f, Ph-substituted at C(2) of the furan ring, were obtained from 1 via alkylation and the Reformatsky-type condensation. Although compound 4 was less active against platelet aggregation than 7a-f, it was the only compound which exhibited significant inhibitory activity on high-K+ medium, Ca2+-induced vasoconstriction and was more active than most of its Ph-substituted counterparts against norepinephrine-induced vasoconstrictions.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19970800413
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Methylidene-γ-butyrolactones: Synthesis and evaluation of quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives (1998)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 81 (1998), S. 1038-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a continuation of our previous studies on the synthesis and antiplatelet activity of quinolin-2(1H)-ones with an α-methylidene-γ-butyrolactone substituted at O(8), the O(6)- and N(1)-substituted isomers were synthesized and evaluated for antiplatelet activity against thrombin (Thr)-, arachidonic acid (AA)-, collagen (Col)-, and platelet-activating-factor (PAF)-induced aggregation in washed rabbit platelets. These compounds were synthesized from 6-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one via alkylation and Reformatsky-type condensation (Schemes 1 and 2). All of them were found to inhibit the platelet aggregation perfectly which was induced by AA and Col. 6-Substituted isomers 5b-g exhibited very strong inhibitory activities against AA- and PAF- induced aggregation and are approximately ten times more potent than their 8-substituted counterparts. However, the 1-substituted (11a and 11b) and the 1,6-disubstituted (6) counterparts were relatively inactive. Their effects on the Ca2+-dependent vasoconstriction induced by high K+, and the phasic and tonic vasoconstrictions induced by norepinephrine (NE) in rat aorta were also evaluated. Except 5g, all of them were found to have significant inhibitory activity on the NE-induced phasic and tonic vasoconstrictions. Compounds 6 and 11b also exhibited strong inhibitory activity on high-K+ medium, Ca2+-induced vasoconstriction.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19980810517
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