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  • 1
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Distillation has been, up to now, the standard method for separating fluid mixtures in the process industry and the consensus is that it will remain so for years to come. The only disadvantage of distillation is its high energy requirement. In the following, it will be demonstrated on the example of an ideal ternary mixture, how the energy requirement of distillation process can be reduced. Very effective are some modifications of single columns, optimization of column sequences and direct or indirect column coupling. It will be shown that, just by column coupling, the energy requirement can be reduced to a third.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 806-810 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isocyanomethyl-polystyrene ResinThe synthesis of isocyanomethyl-polystyrene resin 8 by the phosgene and diphosgene method, respectively, is described, starting with a polystyrene-2%-divinylbenzene-copolymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 422 (1921), S. 265-272 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 414 (1918), S. 44-53 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Rektifikation ; Dreistoffgemische ; Energiebedarf ; Trennpfade ; stoffliche Kopplung der Kolonnen ; thermische Kopplung der Kolonnen ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 409-415 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: lead tantalates, Pb1,5Ta7O19, PbTa4O11 ; preparation ; exchange reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Exchange Reactions of Ternary Tantalates and Niobates with Halide Melts  -  a Way to New Lead TantalatesTernary tantalates and niobates of the hexagonal structure-type A(n+1)/mm+M3n+1O8n+3 (Am+ = Na+, Cu+, Ag+,…; M = Ta, Nb) were heated with surplus CuCl, PbCl2, LaCl3 or BiCl3 (for example T = 700°C in case of PbCl2).In some of these cases it was possible to exchange the Am+-ions for the cations of the halide melts by maintaining the basic structure (for example: Cu3Ta7O19 + BiCl3 = BiTa7O19 + 3 CuCl). In different reactions the stack along the crystallographic c-axis and furthermore the proportion O/M (for example: 7 Cu5Ta11O30 + 35/2 PbCl2 = 11 Pb1,5Ta7O19 + PbO + 35 CuCl) changed.Nevertheless, it was not possible to substitute cations of the halide melt for Am+-ions in every direction (not possible for example: LaTa7O19 + BiCl3).When CuCl— and PbCl2-melt were added to Ag2Ta4O11 and Na2Nb4O11, these niobates showed exange reactions by changing their structure completely. If BiCl3-melt was added, these niobates decayed while forming B—Nb2O5.The new hexagonal tantalates Pb1,5Ta7O19 (a = 6,2411(7) Å; c = 19,977(3) Å) and PbTa4O11 (low-temperature modification; a = 6,2364(3) Å; c = 36,851(3) Å) were the first representatives of the structure-type A(n+1)/mm+M3n+1O8n+3 with Am+ = Pb2+, which were found in a reaction with PbCl2 (Cu3Ta7O19 + 3/2 PbCl2 = Pb1,5Ta7O19 + 3 CuCl; Ag2Ta4O11 + PbCl2 = PbTa4O11 + 2 AgCl). These two compounds, which are probably metastable, could only be achieved by exange reactions of ions.
    Notes: Ternäre Tantalate und Niobate der hexagonalen Strukturfamilie A(n+1)/mm+M3n+1O8n+3 (Am+ = Na+, Cu+, Ag+,…; M = Ta, Nb) wurden mit überschüssigem CuCl, PbCl2, LaCl3 oder BiCl3 erhitzt (z. B. T = 700°C bei PbCl2).In einigen dieser Fälle ließen sich die großen Am+-Ionen durch die Kationen der Halogenidschmelze unter Erhaltung der Ausgangsstruktur (z. B.: Cu3Ta7O19 + BiCl3 = BiTa7O19 + 3 CuCl) austauschen. Bei anderen Reaktionen änderte sich die Stapelung längs der kristallographischen c-Achse sowie das Verhältnis O/M (z. B.: 7 Cu5Ta11O30 + 35/2 PbCl2 = 11 Pb1,5Ta7O19 + PbO + 35 CuCl). Am+-Ionen konnten aber nicht in jeder Richtung (z. B. nicht: LaTa7O19 + BiCl3) durch Kationen aus der Halogenidschmelze ersetzt werden.Ag2Nb4O11 und Na2Nb4O11 zeigten mit CuCl- und PbCl2-Schmelzen Austauschverhalten unter vollständiger Änderung der Struktur; mit BiCl3-Schmelzen zerfielen diese Niobate weitgehend unter Bildung von B—Nb2O5.Die neuen hexagonalen Tantalate Pb1,5Ta7O19 (a = 6,2411(7) Å; c = 19,977(3) Å) und T—PbTa4O11 (a = 6,2364(3) Å; c = 36,851(3) Å) wurden als erste Vertreter der Strukturfamilie A(n+1)/mm+M3n+1O8n+3 mit Am+ = Pb2+ durch Umsetzung mit PbCl2 gefunden (Cu3Ta7O19 + 3/2 PbCl2 = Pb1,5Ta7O19 + 3 CuCl; Ag2Ta4O11 + PbCl2 = PbTa4O11 + 2 AgCl); die beiden wahrscheinlich metastabilen Verbindungen waren nur durch Ionenaustauschreaktionen zu erhalten.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 581 (1990), S. 183-189 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Characterization of BiTa7O19As a new phase in the system Bi2O3/Ta2O5 the ternary compound BiTa7O19 could be prepared.The powdery colourless substance we got by solid state reaction (T = 1 000°C) of the oxides Bi2O3 and Ta2O5 (1:7) as well as by exchange reactions in a BiCl3-melt. In doing so we started from some representatives of the structure-type A(n+1)/m m+Ta3n+1O8n+3 (Cu3Ta7O19, Cu5Ta11O30, Pb3/2Ta7O19, Na2Ta4O11 and Ag2Ta4O11), which has been detailed descripted by JAHNBERG.BiTa7O19 crystallizes hexagonal with the lattice constants a = 6.2218(4) Å and c = 20.031(2) Å and is isostructural to the corresponding compounds SETa7O19 (SE = Y, La, Ce…Gd) according to x-ray powder diffraction.
    Notes: Als neue Phase im System Bi2O3/Ta2O5 konnte die ternäre Verbindung BiTa7O19 hergestellt werden. Die pulverförmige farblose Substanz ließ sich durch Festkörperreaktion (T = 1 000°C) der Oxide Bi2O3 und Ta2O5 (1 : 7) sowie durch Ionenaustauschexperimente in geschmolzenem BiCl3 erhalten, wobei man von einigen Vertretern (Cu3Ta7O19, Cu5Ta11O30, Pb3/2Ta7O19, Na2Ta4O11 und Ag2Ta4O11) der von JAHNBERG eingehend beschriebenen Strukturfamilie A(n+1)/m m+Ta3n+1O8n+3 ausging.BiTa7O19 kristallisiert hexagonal mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 6,2218(4) Å und c = 20,031(2) Å und ist nach Guinieraufnahmen isostrukturell zu den entsprechenden Verbindungen SETa7O19 der Seltenen Erden (SE = Y, La, Ce…Gd).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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