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  • 1
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of 2-phenyl (1a) and 2-benzyl (1b) 1-benzoyl-2-butylaziridines with carbanions X-, AH-, and Fl- of xanthene, dihydroanthracene and fluorene always form N-(2-butylethyl)-benzamides carrying phenyl (9a) or benzyl (9b). This reductive ring opening indicates an SET mechanism with aziridino ketyls 6a, b as intermediates. Nucleophilic ring opening (SNs) is found only with the carbanion of the lowest reducing power: Fl- → 5a, b (62%, 14%). These two mechanisms cleave different bonds, a finding without precedence in SN2/SET competitions. Carbonyl addition resulting in benzoyl transfer to xanthene, dihydroanthracene or fluorene is usually also observed. It is the main reaction with X- and 1a. The highest yields of 9a, b are obtained with AH- since a special inner-sphere SET is available.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 99 (1966), S. 2556-2565 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von 1-[β-Phenäthyl]-aziridin mit überschüssigem Malonester zum Pyrrolidonderivat 6 läßt sich am günstigsten in unpolarem Medium unter Verwendung von Lithiumhydrid und Lithiumjodid durchführen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 500-510 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction with Aziridines, XII. 1,3-Diacyl-2-pyrrolidone Compounds from 1-Acylaziridines and Alkyl MalonatesReaction of the 1-acylaziridines 1a- f with the sodium salts 2a-c of dialkyl malonates yields the 1-acyl-3-alkoxycarbonyl-2-pyrrolidones 4a-1. I.r. and 1H n.m.r. data are reported.
    Notes: Umsetzung der 1-Acylaziridine 1a-f mit der Natriumsalzen 2a-c von Malonsäure- dialkylestern liefert die 1-Acyl-3-alkoxycarbonyl-2- pyrrolidone 4a-1. IR- und 1H-NMR- Daten werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 2005-2013 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Aziridines, XIII. Ring Opening of 1-(Diphenylcarbamoyl)aziridine by Anions of β- Dicarbonyl CompoundsDi-ethyl malonate, di-tert_butyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate, tert-butyl acetoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate, three substituted ethyl cyanoacetates and malononitrile are alkylated with 2-(3,3-di-phenylureido)ethyl groups by ring opening of 1-(diphenylcarbamoyl)aziridine (1c) in the presence of alkoxide. The new products are mono (6a-c, e-h, j) or dialkylated (8b, d, e, i, k, l). In two cases the products have been altered by secondary reaction with the alcohol used as solvent: by deacetylation (8d→8k) and by addition of alcohol to a nitrile group yielding the imidate (8i→8I).
    Notes: Malonsäure-diäthylester, Malonsäure-di-tert-butylester, Acetessigsäure-äthylester, Acetessigsäure-tert-butylester, Cyanessigsäure-äthylester, drei substituierte Cyanessigsäure-äthylester und Malononitril werden in Gegenwart von Alkoholat durch Ringöffnung von 1-(Diphenylcarbamoyl)aziridin (1c) mit 2-(3,3-Diphenylureido)äthyl-Resten Zweifach (8b, d, e, i, k, l) oder einfach (6a-c, c, e-h, j) substituiert. Die Produkte waren in zwei Fällen durch Sekundärreaktion mit dem Solvens Äthanol verändert: durch Entacylierung (8d → 8k) bzw. durch Alkoholaddition an eine Nitrilgruppe zum Imidoester (8i → 8l).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 2050-2054 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions with Aziridines, 36 Arene Hydrides 2. SN2 and SET Reactions of N-Acylaziridines with Diphenylmethanide and „Naphthalene Hydride“ (Anion of Dihydronaphthalene)Diphenylmethane is incompletely deprotonated by sodium naphthalenide in THF so that some „naphthalene hydride“ 4 (anion of 1,4-dihydronaphthalene) remains present in the deprotonation equilibrium. The generated diphenylmethanide anion 3a reacts with the N-acylaziridines 6a-c to form the expected amidoethyl derivatives 7a-c in yields of less than 50%. The formation of by-products from 6b and 6c can be rationlized on the basis of classic ionic mechanisms. However, for 6a the by-product N-ethylbenzamide clearly points to a SET mechanism with „naphthalene hydride“ 4 as the electron source and with the radical 8 as a hydrogen source.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 107 (1974), S. 2870-2886 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction with Aziridines, XI. Reactions of 1-Acylaziridines with Alkoxides and PhenoxidesThe 1-acylaziridines 1a, c, and d react with alcohols and phenols in the presence of alkoxides to form N-acylated colamine ethers (3, 4a-g, 5, 7a-h, 8). Treatment of 1d with primary alcohols or with phenols in the presence of suitable base concentrations produces the corresponding ethers in good yields, whereas upon treatment of 1d with α-branched alcohols diphenylamine is split from 1d in a side reaction. o-Substituents of the reacting phenols influence the course of the reaction only if they exert an extreme shielding effect. With 1a and c splitting off of aziridine as a side reaction is apparently inevitable, but it can be suppressed somewhat by high concentration of alkoxide in the reaction of 1c. Reaction of 1c with phenol in the presence of catalytic amounts of alkoxide yields the colamine ether 6 in a further side reaction.
    Notes: Die 1-Acylaziridine 1a, c und d bilden mit Alkoholen und Phenolen bei Zusatz von Alkoholat N-acylierte Colaminäther (3, 4a-g, 5, 7a-h, 8). 1d liefert bei geeigneter Basenkonzentration mit primären Alkoholen und mit Phenolen die entsprechenden Äther in guten Ausbeuten, mit α-verzweigten Alkoholen wird in einer Nebenreaktion aus 1d Diphenylamin abgespalten, während o-Substituenten der Phenole nur bei extremer Abschirmwirkung einen Einfluß auf die Produktbildung ausüben. Bei 1a und c ist als Nebenreaktion die Abspaltung von Aziridin anscheinend unvermeidlich, bei der Umsetzung von 1c mit Alkohol jedoch durch hohe Alkoholatkonzentration etwas unterdrückbar. Die Umsetzung von 1c mit Phenol ergibt bei katalytischer Menge Alkoholat in einer weiteren Nebenreaktion den Colaminäther 6.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Aziridines, 301).  -  Synthesis of 2-(Acylimino)pyrrolidines and N-Acylated γ-Aminobutyronitriles by Amidoethylation of Simple Nitriles with N-AcylaziridinesMono- and disubstituted acetonitriles 3a-j in their deprotonated from are amidoethylated at the α-carbon with the N-acylaziridines 5a-d under aprotic conditions. The anionic primary products 6 and 20e, i may undergo a second amidoethylation if derived from a mono-substituted acetonitrile, and they may cyclize followed by migration of the acyl group. Thus, the N-acylated α-substituted γ-aminobutyronitriles 7b-g, i-o, the N,N'-diacylated 1,5-diamino-3-cyanopentanes 15d, f, g and 22e, i, the 2-(acylimino)pyrrolidines 10a-c, e, f, h-j, and the 3-amidoethylated 2-(acylimino)pyrrolidines 16e, f, h, i are obtained. Once, 6 was a second time amidoethylated at the amide nitrogen. In one case, the 3-cyano-2-pyrrolidone 25 was formed by amidoethylation, elimination of Ph2N⊝, and cyclization of the intermediate isocyanate. The cyclization may be prevented by using lithium as gegenion or by using a protic solvent. Base catalyzed solvolysis of an (acylimino)pyrrolidine removes the acyl group if this is ethoxycarbonyl and cleaves the C=N double bond if the acyl group is benzoyl.
    Notes: Mono- und Disubstituierte Acetonitrile 3a-j werden nach Deprotonierung unter aprotischen Bedingungen durch die N-Acylaziridine 5a-d am α-C-Atom amidoethyliert. Die anionischen Primärprodukte 6 und 20e, i können bei monosubstituierten Acetonitrilen (3d-i) einer zweiten Amidoethylierung unterliegen und können allgemein unter Cyclisierung und Acylwanderung weiterreagieren. Dementsprechend erhält man die N-acylierten α-substituierten γ-Aminobutyronitrile 7b-g, i-o, die N,N'-diacylierten 1,5-Diamino-3-cyanpentane 15d, f, g und 22e, i, die 2-(Acylimino)pyrrolidine 10a-c, e, f, h-j und die in 3-Stellung amidoethylierten 2-(Acylimino)pyrrolidine 16e, f, h, i. Einmal wurde 6 am Amidstickstoff ein zweites Mal unter Bildung von 13 amidoethyliert. In einem Falle wurde durch Amidoethylierung, Eliminierung von Ph2N⊝ und Cyclisierung des intermediär gebildeten Isocyanats das 3-Cyan-2-pyrrolidon 25 gebildet. Die Cyclisierung läßt sich verhindern mit Lithium als Gegenion oder durch Verwendung eines protischen Lösungsmittels. Basenkatalysierte Solvolyse eines (Acylimino)pyrrolidins entfernt den Acylrest, wenn dieser Ethoxycarbonyl ist, und spaltet die C=N-Doppelbindung, wenn der Acylrest Benzoyl ist.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 502-515 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Aziridines, XV: Amidoethylation of Triarylmethanes and Diarylamines with 1-AcylaziridinesThe N-acyl-3,3,3-triphenylpropylamines 4a-d and the N-acyl-3,3-diphenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)propylamines 7a-d are obtained in good yields by ring opening of the 1-acylaziridines 2a-d with tritylsodium (1) or 2-azatritylsodium (5), respectively. Side and secondary products such as the acylaminoethyl compounds 11 and 16 and the ureas XCH2CH2NH-CO-NHCH2CH2Y (13, 14, 15) are formed, if the 1-acylaziridines 2a, b with an acyl moiety XCO having a nucleofuge radical X react with azatritylsodium at room temperature or above. The sodium derivatives of diphenylamine and carbazole react analogously with the acylaziridines 2b and 2a.
    Notes: Durch Ringöffnung der 1-Acylaziridine 2a-d mit Tritylnatrium (1) bzw. 2-Azatritylnatrium (5) lassen sich die N-Acyl-3,3,3-triphenylpropylamine 4a-d bzw. die N-Acyl-3,3-diphenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)propylamine 7a-d in guten Ausbeuten gewinnen. Werden die 1-Acylaziridine 2a, b, deren Acylrest XCO einen nucleofugen Rest X besitzt, mit 2-Azatritylnatrium bei Raumtemperatur oder darüber umgesetzt, so entstehen Neben- und Folgeprodukte wie die Acylaminoethylverbindungen 11 und 16 und Harnstoffverbindungen XCH2CH2NH—CO—NHCH2CH2Y (13, 14, 15). Die Natriumverbindungen von Diphenylamin bzw. Carbazol reagieren mit den Acylaziridinen 2b bzw. 2a analog.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3599-3608 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Aziridines (Aziranes), XXVI: Amine Catalyzed Amidoethylation of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds Simple Synthesis of 2-Methylpyrrole-1,3-dicarboxylateEsters of nonsubstituted and monosubstituted malonic, cyanoacetic, and β-keto acids are easily C-amidoethylated by N-acylaziridines in the presence of triethylamine. In this amine catalyzed reaction the acylaziridines show different degrees of reactivity. Often the products cannot be obtained by the known amidoethylation procedure or but in smaller yields. The new product 3g may smoothly be converted to the pyrroline 9 and further to the 2-methylpyrrole-1,3-dicarboxylate 10. - Divergent from earlier results, the primary amidoethylation product can be isolated from the known sodium salt reaction of tert-butyl acetoacetate with nonbulky acylaziridines. This product is cleaved by trifluoroacetic acid with remarkable easiness to yield the corresponding amidoethyl derivative of acetone.
    Notes: Unsubstituierte und monosubstituierte Malonester, Cyanessigester und β-Ketoester werden in Gegenwart von Triethylamin durch N-Acylaziridine leicht am C amidoethyliert, dabei zeigt sich eine Reaktivitätsabstufung der N-Acylaziridine. Die Produkte sind oft durch die bisher bekannte Amidoethylierung nicht oder nicht in so guten Ausbeuten zugänglich. Das neue Produkt 3g läßt sich glatt zum Pyrrolin 9 und weiter zum 2-Methylpyrrol-1,3-dicarbonester 10 umwandeln. - Abweichend von bisherigen Ergebnissen kann man aus Acetessigsäure-tert-butylester nach der bekannten Natriumsalzmethode auch mit nichtsperrigen Acylaziridinen das Primärprodukt fassen, das mit Trifluoressigsäure bemerkenswert leicht zum entsprechenden Amidoethylderivat des Acetons gespalten wird.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 986-987 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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