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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 840-845 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Electric current was applied across the coke packing of a glass column, distilling carbon tetrachloride-benzene at total reflux. Heat generated by electricity boiled the liquid on the packing surface. Bubbles rising across the liquid film reduced its resistance to mass transfer, improving the column efficiencyTheoretical analysis and experimental results are presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 63-64 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: LiMg[BN2] ; Ba4[BN2]2O ; Nitridoborates ; Linear Anions [BN2]3- ; Crystal Structure ; Vibrational Spectrum ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Nitridoborates. 1. LiMg[BN2] and Ba4[BN2]2O, Compounds with the Anion [N—B—N]3-: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Vibrational SpectraLiMg[BN2] and Ba4[BN2]2O were synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of the binary components Li3N, Mg3N2, BN and BaO, Ba3N2. BN in sealed niobium ampoules at 1575 and 1350 K, respectively. The structures are characterized by isolated anions [N—B—N]3-, packed in different ways (LiMg[BN2]: I4/mmm (No. 139); a = 379.8 pm, c = 891.6 pm, c/a = 2.348; Z = 2; Ba4[BN2]2O; Cmca (No. 64); a = 1575.3 pm, b = 729.1 pm, c = 731.9 pm; Z = 4). The bond lengths and the bond angles are d(B—N) = 133.6 pm and β(N—B—N) = 180° in LiMg[BN2] and d(B—N) = 135 pm and β(N—B—N) = 173.4° in Ba4[BN2]2O, respectively.The vibrational spectra have been interpreted with respect to the D∞h symmetry of the isolated [N—B—N]3- anions, taking into account the slight symmetry reduction to C2v in Ba4[BN2]2O. The calculated valence force constants f(B—N) = 8.16 Ncm-1 and f(B—N) = 7.55 Ncm-1 are discussed and compared with those of other nitridoborates.
    Notes: LiMg[BN2] und Ba4[BN2]2O bilden sich aus stöchiometrischen Gemengen der binären Komponenten Li3N, Mg3N2, BN bzw. BaO, Ba3N2, BN in verschweißten Nb-Ampullen bei 1575 bzw. 1350 K. Die charakteristischen Bauelemente sind isolierte [N—B—N]3- -Anionen, die im Kristall unterschiedlich gepackt sind (LiMg[BN2]: I4/mmm (Nr. 139); a = 379.8 pm, c = 891.6pm, c/a = 2.348; Z = 2; Ba4[BN2]2O: Cmca (Nr.64); a = 1575.3 pm, b = 729.1pm, c = 731.9 pm; Z = 4). Die Bindungslängen und Bindungswinkel betragen d(B—N) = 133.6 pm und β(N—B—N) = 180° in LiMg[BN2] bzw. d(B—N) = 135 pm und β(N-B-N) = 173.4° in Ba4[BN2]2O.Die Schwingungsspektren der Verbindungen wurden auf der Basis der D∞h-Symmetrie der isolierten [N—B—N]3--Anionen unter Berücksichtigung der Symmetrieerniedrigung nach C2v in Ba4[BN2]2O interpretiert. Die aus den gemessenen Frequenzen berechneten Kraftkonstanten f(B—N) = 8.16 bzw. 7.55 Ncm-1 werden diskutiert und mit denen anderer Nitridoborate verglichen.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 435 (1977), S. 119-126 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Raman Spectra of the System SnBr2—CsBr in the Solid and Molten StateRaman spectra of crystalline and molten SnBr2 as well as of molten SnBr2—CsBr mixtures were measured. In molten SnBr2 polymeric chains with similar structural elements as in solid SnBr2 will be formed. Temperature rising causes a heterolytic disruption into smaller but still polymeric units of varying chain length. Equilibrium fragmentation reactions occur by bromide ion addition. In bromide rich SnBr2—CsBr melts (Br-/Sn2+ ratio 3-6) Sn2Br5-, SnBr3- and Br- ions exist with Sn2Br5- species predominating.
    Notes: Sowohl polykristallines und geschmolzenes SnBr2 als auch SnBr2—CsBr-Schmelzen wurden ramanspektroskopisch untersucht. Beim Übergang vom festen in den flüssigen Zustand entstehen beim SnBr2 polymere Ketten mit den Strukturelementen des festen SnBr2. Temperaturerhöhung bewirkt eine heterolytische Spaltung in kleinere, aber immer noch polynukleare Kettenbruchstücke. Bei Br--Zugabe erfolgen Gleichgewichtsabbaureaktionen. In Br--reichen SnBr2—CsBr-Schmelzen (Br-/Sn2+-Verhältnis 3-6) liegen hauptsächlich Sn2Br5--Spezies neben SnBr3-- und Br--Ionen vor.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Tetrapotassium biphosphidoberyllate, -biarsenidoberyllate, -biantimonidoberyllate ; crystal structure ; vibrational spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: K4BeP2, K4BeAs2, and K4BeSb2 Compounds with Linear [BeX2]4- Anions (X = P, As, Sb)The title compounds are synthesized from the elements. K4BeP2 and K4BeAs2 are isostructural and crystallize trigonal rhombohedrally in the space group R3m (No. 166) with Z = 3. The partial structure of the potassium atoms corresponds to a closest packing of rotational ellipsoides, which envelope an elongated K14-polyhedron (combination of rhombohedron and hexagonal prism). The polyhedrons are filled with linear [BeX2]4- anions, which are the analoga to BeCl2 molecules. The bond lengths are: d(Be—P) = 198.2 pm and d(Be—As) = 206.0 pm. IR spectra confirm the presence of [Sb—Be—Sb]4- anionic groups in K4BeSb2, which crystallizes in the hexagonal system with Z = 2. The vibrational spectra of the compounds are measured. The assignment of the observed frequencies is based on the D∞h symmetry of an isolated [X—Be—X]4- unit.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindungen wurden aus den Elementen dargestellt. K4BeP2 und K4BeAs2 sind isotyp und kristallisieren trigonal-rhomboedrisch in der Raumgruppe R3m (Nr. 166) mit Z = 3. Die Teilstruktur der Kaliumatome entspricht einer dichtesten Packung von Rotationsellipsoiden, welche ein gestrecktes K14-Polyeder (Kombination von Rhomboeder und hexagonalem Prisma) einhüllen. Die Polyeder sind durch lineare [BeX2]4--Anionen aufgefüllt, Analoga des BeCl2-Moleküls. Die Bindungslängen sind d(Be—P) = 198,2 qm und d(Be—As) = 206,0 pm. IR-Spektren belegen die Existenz von [Sb—Be—Sb]4--Anionen auch in K4BeSb2, welches im hexagonalen System mit Z = 2 kristallisiert. Die Schwingungsspektren der Verbindungen wurden gemessen. Die Zuordnung der beobachteten Frequenzen basiert auf der D∞h-Symmetrie einer isolierten [X—Be—X]4--Einheit.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Antimonide triantimonidometallates(III) ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Antimonide Triantimonidometallates(III) Cs6K3Sb[AlSb3] and Cs6K3Sb[GaSb3]The novel compounds Cs6K3Sb[AlSb3] and Cs6K3Sb[GaSb3] are formed from stoichiometric mixtures of Cs, AlSb (GaSb) and KSb in sealed niobium ampoules at 950 K. The hexagonal structures are especially characterized by one-dimensional rod packings 1∞[Cs6K3Sb] which are formed from columns of condensed (Cs6K6/2) icosahedra. The icosahedra are centered by Sb3-- anions. The trigonal planar anions [AlSb3]6-- and [GaSb3]6-- are embedded between the icosahedra columns, and they are coordinated by alkali metal atoms. The FIR spectra were assigned to the vibrations of the [MSb3]6-- anions, with respect to the 6m2-D3h symmetry.(P63/mmc, No. 194; a = 1101.7 and 1097.2 pm; c = 1158.9 and 1150.1 pm; Z = 2; Single crystal data: 574 and 546 reflections; R = 0.073 and 0.029. Distances:d(Al—Sb) = 265.4 pm; d(Ga—Sb) = 265.1 pm; d(Sb—Cs) = 401.6-423.0 pm; d(Sb—K) = 358.6-367.3 pm).
    Notes: Die neuen Verbindungen Cs6K3Sb[AlSb3] und Cs6K3Sb[GaSb3] entstehen aus stöchiometrischen Gemischen von Cs, AlSb (GaSb) und KSb in verschweißten Niob-Ampullen bei 950 K. Besonderes Merkmal der hexagonalen Strukturen sind eindimensionale Stabpackungen 1∞[Cs6K3Sb], gebildet aus Säulen kondensierter (Cs6K6/2)-Ikosaeder. Die Ikosaeder sind von Sb3---Anionen zentriert. Zwischen den Ikosaedersäulen sind die trigonal-planaren Anionen [AlSb3]6-- bzw. [GaSb3]6-- eingebettet. Sie werden durch die Alkalimetallatome koordiniert. Die FIR-Spektren können den Schwingungen der Anionen [MSb3]6-- mit der Symmetrie 6m2-D3h zugeordnet werden.(P63/mmc, Nr. 194; a = 1101,7 bzw. 1097,2 pm; c = 1158,9 bzw. 1150,1 pm; Z = 2; Einkristalldaten: 574 bzw. 546 Reflexe; R = 0,073 bzw. 0,029. Abstände: d(Al—Sb) = 265,4 pm; d(Ga—Sb) = 265,1 pm; d(Sb—Cs) = 401,6-423,0 pm; d(Sb—K) = 358,6-367,3 pm).
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Alkali metal pnictido indates, -gallates ; crystal structures ; vibrational spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: K2NaGaP2, Cs2NaGaP2, K2NaGaAs2, K2NaInP2 and K2NaInAs2, Compounds with the Polyanions 1∞[MX4/2]3- (M=Ga, In; X=P, As) isosteric with SiS2The title compounds are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements or from Na, KP(KAs), Cs4P6 and MX (M=Ga, In; X=P, As) at 950K. They are isotypic and crystallize in the space group Ibam (No. 72) with Z=4. The anionic partial structure is characterized by infinite chains 1∞[MX4/2]3- which are isosteric to SiS2. Vibrational spectra are measured and interpreted based on the symmetry D4h-P(2/m 2/c)42/m of the isolated polymer chain 1∞[MX2]3-. A good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is obtained by using a force field of the tetrameric fragment [M4X10]18- (three four-membered M2X2 rings).
    Notes: Die Titelverbindungen werden aus den stöchiometrischen Gemischen der Elemente oder aber aus Na, KP(KAs) bzw. Cs4P6 und MX (M = Ga, In; X = P, As) bei 950 K dargestellt. Sie sind isotyp und kristallisieren in der Raumgruppe Ibam (Nr. 72) mit Z=4. Die anionische Partialstruktur ist durch unendliche Ketten 1∞[MX4/2]3- charakterisiert, isoster zu SiS2. Schwingungsspektren wurden gemessen und mit der Symmetrie D4h-P(2/m 2/c)42/m der isolierten Polymerkette 1∞[MX2]3- interpretiert. Eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den beobachteten und berechneten Frequenzen erhält man bei Verwendung des Kraftfeldes für das tetramere Fragment [M4X10]18- (drei M2X2-Vierringe).
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Polyphosphides ; Zintl-phases M3X11 (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs; X = P, As) ; P113-, As113- cage anion ; preparation ; vibrational spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemistry and Structural Chemistry of Phosphides and Polyphosphides. 53. Preparation, Properties, and Vibrational Spectra of the Cage Anions P113- and As113-The Zintl-phases M3X11 (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs; X = P, As) are prepared from the elements or from M3X7 and X. The compounds undergo a first-order phase transition from the crystalline to the plastically crystalline state. Unit cell and space group of both modifications and the transition temperature Tc are determined. The vibrational spectra of the crystalline compounds and the Raman spectrum of the P113- anion in en-solution as well are measured. The assignment of the frequencies is given, based on the 32-D3 symmetry of the X113- cage anion. Normal coordinate analysis is carried out in terms of Cartesian coordinates to avoid the problem of redundancies in using internal coordinates. The force constants [mdyn Å-1] obtained for the characteristic bonds r, s, and t are: fppr = 1.34, fpps = 1.20, fppt = 1.08; fAsAsr = 1.1, fAsAss = 0.91. Normal vibrations and the potential energy distribution (PED) are discussed.
    Notes: Die Zintl-Phasen M3X11 (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs; X = P, As) werden aus den Elementen oder aus M3X7 und X synthetisiert. Die Verbindungen durchlaufen einen Phasenübergang 1. Ordnung vom kristallinen zum plastisch-kristallinen Zustand. Elementarzelle und Raumgruppe beider Modifikationen sowie Übergangstemperaturen Tc wurden bestimmt. Die Schwingungsspektren der kristallinen Verbindungen sowie das Raman-Spektrum des Anions P113- in en-Lösung wurden gemessen. Die Zuordnung der Schwingungsfrequenzen gelingt auf der Basis der Symmetrie 32-D3 der Käfiganionen X113-. Die Normalkoordinatenanalyse erfolgte in kartesischen Koordinaten, wodurch das in inneren Koordinaten auftretende Redundanzproblem vermieden wird. Auf diesem Wege erhaltene Kraftkonstanten [mdyn Å-1] der charakteristischen Bindungen r, s und t sind: fppr = 1, 34, fpps = 1, 20, fppt = 1, 08; fAsAsr = 1, 1, fAsAss = 0, 96, fAsAst = 0, 91. Die Normalschwingungen und die Verteilung der potentiellen Energie (PED) werden diskutiert.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18 (1995), S. 263-265 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Sampling device ; Automation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An automatic sampling device has been developed for capillary zone electrophoresis. The sample is introduced to the column electrokinetically by rapidly exchanging buffer for sample in a narrow channel drilled in a plexiglass block. The autosampler is capable, under computer control, of performing multiple sample injections from a large volume sample source (such as a reaction vessel) as the sample concentration changes, and thus presents the possibility of analyzing time-varying processes by CZE. Peak area reproducibility in electropherograms obtained after use of the sampler is less than 1% and efficiency is more than 2.2 × 105 theoretical plates.
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