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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 783-783 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1166-1167 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 3147-3154 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The transverse NMR relaxation times of hydrogen nuclei of water absorbed in white spruce sapwood [Picea glauca (Meunch) Voss] were measured for moisture contents in the range from 5 to 176%. The spin echo amplitudes resulting from the Carr-Purcell sequence decay nonexponentially suggesting the possibility of at least two different relaxation times for water in wood. A simplified structural model of the wood-water mixture is used to estimate the rates of chemical exchange at room temperature of hydrogen nuclei between various sites in the system. The high-resolution NMR line shape is discussed briefly in terms of this proposed model.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 679-684 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Sodium oxohydroxoaluminate hydrate ; Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] · 1.5 H2O ; crystal structure ; 27Al NMR ; 23Na NMR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of the Sodium Oxohydroxoaluminate Hydrate Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] · 1.5 H2OThe crystal structure of the sodium oxohydroxoaluminate hydrate Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] ·s 1.5 H2O (up to now described as Na2O · Al2O3 · 2.5 H2O and Na2O · Al2O3 · 3 H2O, respectively) was solved. The X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis (tetragonal, space group P-421m, a = 10.522(1) Å, c = 5.330(1) Å, Z = 4) results in a polymeric layered structure, consisting of AlO3/2(OH) tetrahedral groups. Between these layers the Na+ ions are situated, which form tetrameric groups of face-linked NaO6 octahedra. The involved O2- ions are due to Al—O—Al bridges, Al—OH groups and water of crystallization. 27Al and 23Na MAS NMR investigations confirm the crystal structure analysis. The relations between the crystallization behaviour of the compound and the constitution of the aluminate anions in the corresponding sodium aluminate solution and in the solid, respectively, are discussed.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur des Natriumoxohydroxoaluminathydrates Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] · 1,5 H2O - bisher in der Literatur als Na2O · Al2O3 · 2,5 H2O bzw. Na2O · Al2O3 · 3 H2O bezeichnet - wird bestimmt. Die Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse (tetragonal, Raumgruppe P-421m, a = 10,522(1) Å, c = 5,330(1) Å, Z = 4) ergibt eine aus AlO3/2(OH)-Tetraedern aufgebaute, polymere Schichtstruktur. Die zwischen den Schichten angeordneten Na+-Ionen bilden mit O2--Ionen von Al—O—Al-Brücken, Al—OH-Gruppen und von Kristallwasser NaO6-Oktaeder, die über gemeinsame Flächen zu tetrameren Baugruppen verknüpft sind. 27Al- und 23Na-MAS-NMR-Messungen bestätigen die Kristallstrukturanalyse. Die Beziehungen zwischen dem Kristallisationsverhalten der Verbindung und der Konstitution der Aluminatanionen in der entsprechenden Natriumaluminatlösung bzw. in der kristallinen Verbindung werden diskutiert.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 1483-1488 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Nonasodium bis(hexahydroxogallate) trihydroxide hexahydrate ; decasodium bis(hexahydroxogallate) tetrahydroxide ; disodium tetrahydroxogallate chloride ; crystal structure ; 71Ga MAS NMR ; 23Na MAS NMR ; DTA, DTG, guinier lenné technique ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: About Crystalline Sodium HydroxogallatesTwo crystalline sodium hydroxogallates 4,5 Na2O · Ga2O3 · 13,5 H2O (I) and 5 Na2O · Ga2O3 · 8 H2O (II), as well as a crystalline phase of the composition Na2O · Ga2O3 · 4 H2O · 2 NaCl (III) are described.
    Notes: Es werden zwei kristalline Natriumhydroxogallate 4,5 Na2O · Ga2O3 · 13,5 H2O (I) und 5 Na2O · Ga2O3 · 8 H2O (II) sowie eine kristalline Phase der Zusammensetzung Na2O · Ga2O3 · 4 H2O · 2 NaCl (III) beschrieben.(I) kristallisiert aus Natriumgallatlösungen eines breiten Konzentrationsfeldes und hat nach Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse [1] eine dreidimensional vernetzte Struktur aus monomeren [Ga(OH)6]3--Anionen, die über NaO6-Koordinationspolyeder untereinander verbunden sind; daneben sind Kristallwasser und weitere Hydroxidionen enthalten.Damit ist (I) als Nonanatrium-bis(hexahydroxogallat)-trihydroxid-hexahydrat (Na9[Ga(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6 H2O) zu formulieren; Isotypie besteht zu dem entsprechenden Natriumhydroxoaluminat [2, 3]. 5 Na2O · Ga2O3 · 8 H2O II) läßt sich aus (I) in Gegenwart von Natriumhydroxid durch Entwässern über P4O10 bei Raumtemperatur unter Schutzgas (N2) erhalten. Es kristallisiert tetragonal, ist isotyp mit Na10[Al(OH)6]2(OH)4 [4] und dementsprechend als Na10[Ga(OH)6]2(OH)4 zu formulieren. Durch Zusatz von Natriumchlorid zu Natriumgallatlösungen läßt sich Na2O · Ga2O3 · 4 H2O · 2 NaCl (III) isolieren, das ebenfalls tetragonal und isotyp zu Na2[Al(OH)4]Cl [5] ist. Es handelt sich demnach um das Dinatriumtetrahydroxogallatchlorid Na2[Ga(OH)4]Cl. Die Ergebnisse der 71Ga- und 23Na-MASNMR-Messungen an den Verbindungen (I) bis (III) und deren thermisches Verhalten werden diskutiert.(I) crystallizes from sodium gallate solutions in a wide concentration field; from the X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis [1] results a three dimensional network structure, consisting of monomeric [Ga(OH)6]3- anions connected by NaO6 octahedra groups. Furthermore the structure contains water of crystallization and further hydroxide ions. (I) has to be formulated as nonasodium bis(hexahydroxogallate) trihydroxide hexahydrate Na9[Ga(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6 H2O; it is isotypic with the corresponding sodium hydroxoaluminate [2, 3]. 5 Na2O · Ga2O3 · 8 H2O (II) was obtained from (I) in presence of sodium hydroxide by dehydration over P4O10 in an inert atmosphere (N2) at room temperature. (II) crystallizes tetragonally and is isotypic with Na10[Al(OH)6]2(OH)4 [4]. Accordingly it could be described as a decasodium bis(hexahydroxogallate) tetrahydroxide, Na10[Ga(OH)6]2(OH)4. Na2O · Ga2O3 · 4 H2O · 2 NaCl (III) was obtained by addition of sodium chloride to sodium gallate solutions, (III) crystallizes also tetragonally and is isotypic with (Na2[Al(OH)4]Cl [5]. Correspondingly, it has to be formulated as disodium tetrahydroxogallate chloride Na2[Ga(OH)4]Cl. The results of 71Ga and 23Na MAS NMR investigations of the compounds (I) to (III) and their thermal behaviour are discussed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical, Thermoanalytical, and X-ray Investigations to the Formation of the β-Ca2[P2O7] from the Ca2[P4O12] · 4 H2OThe formation of β-Ca2[P2O7] from Ca2[P4O12] · 4 H2O (modification I) proceeds crystallographically oriented in several steps: In one of these steps an X-ray amorphous phase is formed and simultaneously cyclotetraphosphate reorganizes to polyphosphate. The dehydration proceeds in 2 steps: At 120°C 3 molecules and at 220°C 1 molecule are lost, respectively. The formation of diphosphate from polyphosphate, which is connected with the loss of P2O5, takes place at 850°C according to high temperature Guinier.
    Notes: Die Bildung des β-Ca2[P2O7] aus dem Ca2[P4O12] · 4 H2O (Form I) läuft über mehrere Stufen kristallographisch orientiert ab. Eine der Zwischenstufen ist röntgenamorph. Bei ihrer Bildung entsteht aus dem Cyclotetraphosphat höherkondensiertes Polyphosphat. Die Wasserabgabe erfolgt in zwei Schritten: Bei 120°C werden 3 Mol, bei 220°C ein Mol H2O abgegeben. Der mit P2O5-Abgabe verbundene übergang Poly- in Diphosphat erfolgt laut Heizguinier bei 850°C.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 580 (1990), S. 175-180 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystallographic Orientation Relations between the Phases in the Reaction Ca2[P4O12] · 4 H2O → β-(Ca2[PO3]4)xThe dehydration of Ca2[P4O12] · 4 H2O modification I proceeds over several intermediate phases to β-(Ca2[PO3]4)x crystallographically oriented. One of the intermediate phases is X-ray amorphous. It is of special interest, that this amorphous phase does not interrupt the oriented course of the reaction.The β-polyphosphate transforms to β-Ca2[P2O7] connected with the loss of P2O5 at further heating.The crystallographic orientation relations between educt and product were determined for all steps of the reaction. The unit cells of the phases were determined too.
    Notes: Die Entwässerung des Ca2[P4O12] · 4 H2O (Form I) verläuft über mehrere Zwischenphasen kristallographisch orientiert zum β-(Ca2[PO3]4)x. Eine der Zwischenphasen ist röntgenamorph, und es ist besonders bemerkenswert, daß hierdurch der orientierte Reaktionsablauf nicht unterbrochen wird. Beim weiteren Aufheizen des β-(Ca2[PO3]4)x bildet sich unter P2O5-Abgabe β-Ca2[P2O7].Für alle Zwischenschritte der Entwässerung wurden die kristallographischen Orientierungsbeziehungen zwischen dem jeweiligen Edukt und Produkt bestimmt, ebenso die Elementarzellen aller Phasen.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dilithium manganese tetrabromide, Li2MnBr4 ; crystal structure ; neutron diffraction data ; MAPLE calculations ; Raman spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Li2MnBr4(o-rh.) - an Ordered NaCl Defect Structure of the SnMn2S4 TypeNeutron diffraction data of Li2MnBr4 at 25°C are presented. The orthorhombic room-temperature polymorph of Li2MnBr4 (space group Cmmm, Z = 2, a = 777.78(4), b = 1106.58(5), and c = 388.18(2) pm, RI = 6.7%) crystallizes in an ordered NaCl defect structure (SnMn2S4 type). The tetragonally distorted MBr6 octahedra are elongated in the case of LiBr6 and compressed for MnBr6 owing to the different sharing of these units. The crystal structure of Li2MnBr4 oC14 (and those of alternative structure models with a larger pseudotetragonal cell) are discussed with respect to X-ray intensities, Madelung part of lattice energy (MAPLE), and the Raman spectra. The symmetry coordinates and vibrational modes of the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ (\mathop {\rm k}\limits^ \to = 0) $\end{document} phonons of Li2MnBr4 oC14 are given.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur der Raumtemperaturmodifikation von Li2MnBr4 wurde mit Hilfe von Neutronenpulvermessungen bestimmt. Li2MnBr4(o-rh.) (Raumgruppe Cmmm, Z = 2, a = 777,78(4), b = 1106,58(5) und c = 388,18(2) pm, RI = 6,7%) kristallisiert in einer geordneten NaCl-Defekt-(bzw. Über-)struktur (SnMn2S4-Typ). Die MBr6-Oktaeder sind (mit unterschiedlicher Verknüpfung) tetragonal gestaucht (Mn) bzw. gestreckt (Li). Die Kristallstruktur von Li2MnBr4 oC14 (sowie von alternativen Strukturmodellen einer größeren pseudotetragonalen Zelle) wird unter Einbeziehung der Röntgenintensitäten, von Madelungenergien (MAPLE) sowie der Ramanspektren diskutiert. Die Symmetriekoordinaten und Schwingungsformen der Gitterschwingungen \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ (\mathop {\rm k}\limits^ \to = 0) $\end{document} des Li2MnBr4 oC14 werden mitgeteilt.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 596 (1991), S. 167-171 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Magnesium bis(hydrogensulfate) hydrate ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Formation and Structure of Mg(HSO4)2 · H2OMg(HSO4)2 reacts with water under formation of its monohydrate, Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O. This reaction proceeds crystallographically oriented and is reversible. Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O crystallized monoclinic in the space group P21/n, with the unit cell parameters a = 8.623(2), b = 5.014(1), c = 15.428(3) Å, β = 101.32(2)°, V = 654 Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure of Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O consists of two types of SO3OH-tetrahedra connected over three common oxygen atoms with three different MgO6-octahedra. This motif forms layers parallel to the xy-plane. The layers are arranged at a distance of c/2 and are linked via hydrogen bonds which start from the water of crystallization situated between the layers.
    Notes: Mg(HSO4)2 bildet durch Wasseraufnahme das Monohydrat Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O. Diese Reaktion verläft kristallographisch orientiert und ist reversibel. Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/n mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 8,623(2), b = 5,014(1), c = 15,428(3) Å, β = 101,33(2)°, V = 654 Å3, Z = 4. Die Kristallstruktur des Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O ist charakterisiert durch 2 Sorten von SO3OH-Tetraedern, die jeweils über drei gemeinsame Sauerstoffatome mit drei verschiedenen MgO6-Oktaedern verknüpft sind. Dieses Strukturmotiv bildet Schichten parallel zur xy-Ebene. Die Schichten folgen im Abstand von c/2 aufeinander und werden über H-Brücken miteinander verknüpft, die vom Hydratwasser ausgehen, das zwischen den Schichten positioniert ist.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 614 (1992), S. 60-64 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Magnesium hydrogensulfate ; hydration ; dehydration ; thermal analysis ; X-ray analysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Hydration and Dehydration Behaviour of Magnesium HydrogensulfateMg(HSO4)2 · H2O has been prepared by crystallization from diluted sulfuric acid. The thermal destruction leads to the formation of siccative Mg(HSO4)2. This process is reversible, i. e., Mg(HSO4)2 rehydrates during cooling under formation of Mg(HSO4)2. H2O. Due to further water reception Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O decomposes at a temperature of 50°C forming Kieserite (MgSO4 · H2), MgSO4 · 1,25H2O, sulfuric acid, and water. During gentle warming of this heterogenous phase mixture it reacts under reconstruction of Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O. The thermal measurements have been carried out in dynamic as well as in static gas atmosphere.The strong dependence of the decomposition temperatures from the partial pressure of the gaseous products could be demonstrated by in situ X-ray measurements.
    Notes: Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O wird erhalten durch Kristallisation aus 70%iger Schwefelsäure. Der thermische Abbau führt direkt zur Bildung von siccativem Mg(HSO4)2. Der Vorgang ist reversibel, d. h., Mg(HSO4)2 hydratisiert beim Abkühlen wieder unter Bildung von Mg(HSO4)2 · H2O. Bei weiterer Wasseraufnahme zersetzt sich das Magnesiumhydrogensulfat-Monohydrat beginnend ab 50°C zu einer Mischung bestehend aus MgSO4 ·; H2O (Kieserit), MgSO4 ·; 1,25 H2O und Schwefelsäure/Wasser. Auch dieser Vorgang ist reversibel. Bei langsamem Aufheizen dieses Mehrphasensystems bildet sich aus der infolge Wasseraustrages aufkonzentrierten Schwefelsäure erneut das hierin beständigere Mg(HSO4)2 ·; H2O zurück.Die thermischen Messungen sind sowohl unter dynamischer wie auch statischer Gasatmosphäre durchgeführt worden.Die starke Abhängigkeit der Zersetzungstemperaturen vom Partialdruck der gasförmigen Reaktionsprodukte konnte durch röntgenographische in situ Messungen gezeigt werden.
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