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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 376-378 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Glassy carbon electrodes ; Adsorption ; Protein ; Modified electrodes ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A diazonium salt coupling procedure was used to covalently bind various p-substituted phenyls to glassy carbon electrodes. The response of modified electrodes for oxidation of ferrocenemethanol in the absence and presence of bovine serum albumin was monitored to give a measure of protein adsorption. Carboxylate groups close to the surface did not influence protein adsorption (relative to polished glassy carbon electrodes), however, hydrophobic groups increased adsorption. These results are compared to those for similar experiments at electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrodes. Hydrophilic groups attached to the surface via sufficiently long linkages reduced protein adsorption and may be useful for analysis of clinical samples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Early transition metal chemistry ; CO coupling ; Aldehyde complexes ; Alkyl hydride complexes ; η2-Acyl complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaktionen von Alkyl- und Hydrid-Derivaten von Permethylzirconocen und Permethylhafnocen mit Kohlenmonoxid. Synthese und Reaktivitätsstudien von Zirconium- und Hafnium-KomplexenDie Alkyl-hydrid-Derivate Cp2*M(H)(CH2CHMe2) (Cp* = η5-C5Me5, M = Zr, Hf) reagieren mit Kohlenmonoxid bei niedriger Temperatur zu den η2-Acyl-hydrid-Komplexen Cp2*M(H)(η2-COCH2CHMe2) (1a, b), die beim Erwärmen auf Raumtemperatur unter CO die Carbonyl/Isovaleraldehyd-Addukte Cp2*M(CO)-(η2-O=CHCH2CHMe2) (4a, b) liefern. Das Zirconiumderivat 4a verliert langsam das koordinierte CO und lagert zu dem Enolathydrid Cp2*Zr(H)(OCH=CHCHMe2) (3). um. Im Gegensatz dazu lagert sich Cp2*Hf-(CO)(η2-O=CHCH2CHMe2) (4b) ohne CO-Verlust zu dem cyclischen Endiolat-Tautomeren (5) um, sehr wahrscheinlich durch 1,2-H-Verschiebung im cyclischen Acylderivat . Für das Auftreten des koordinativ ungesättigten η2-Isovaleraldehyd-Addukts von Permethylzirconocen [Cp2*Zr(η2-O=CHCH2CHMe2)] spricht, daß das Acyl-hydrid Cp2*Zr(H)(η2-COCH2CHMe2) (1a) mit Ethylen, 2-Butin, H2 und tert-Butylacetylen zu (12), (13), Cp2*Zr(H)(OCH2CH2CHMe2) (14), bzw. Cp2*Zr(C≡CMe3)(OCH2CH2CHMe2) (15) reagiert. Die Carbonylierung des Hafnacyclopentans (9) und des Alkenyl-hydrids Cp2*Hf(H)(trans-CH=CHMe3) ergibt keinen direkten Hinweis auf η2-Cyclopentanon- oder η2-Aldehyd-Zwischenstufen. 9 geht dabei jedoch direkt in den bicyclischen Endiolat-Komplex 11 über, sehr wahrscheinlich durch Carbonylierung des Cyclopentanon-Addukts. Das Alkenyl-hydrid andererseits geht Carbonylierung zum Hafna-oxacyclopenten ein, das mit CO zum Hafna-dioxo-cycloheptadien (19) weiterreagiert. Mögliche Mechanismen für diese Prozesse werden diskutiert. Unsere Befunde ergänzen theoretische und experimentelle Ergebnisse des Arbeitskreises Hofmann in der vorstehenden Mitteilung17.
    Notes: The alkyl hydride derivatives Cp2*M(H)(CH2CHMe2) (Cp* = η5-C5Me5, M = Zr, Hf) react with carbon monoxide at low temperature to yield the η2-acyl hydride complexes Cp2*M(H)(η2-COCH2CHMe2) (1a, b), which on warming to room temperature under CO afford the carbonyl/isovaleraldehyde adducts Cp2*M(CO)(η2-O=CHCH2CHMe2) (4a, b). The zirconium derivative 4a slowly loses its coordinated CO and rearranges to the enolate hydride Cp2*Zr(H)(OCH=CHCHMe2) (3). By contrast Cp2*Hf-(CO)(η2-O=CHCH2CHMe2) (4b) rearranges without loss of CO to the cyclic enediolate tautomer (5), most likely by a 1,2H shift from the cyclic acyl derivative . The coordinatively unsaturated η2-isovaleraldehyde adduct of permethylzirconocene [Cp2*Zr(η2-O=CHCH2CHMe2)] is implicated in reactions of the acyl hydride Cp2*Zr(H)(η2-COCH2CHMe2) (1a) with the trapping substrates ethylene, 2-butyne, dihydrogen, and tert-butylacetylene to yield (12), (13), Cp2*Zr(H)(OCH2CH2CHMe2) (14), and Cp2*Zr(C≡CCMe3)(OCH2CH2CHMe2) (15). Carbonylations of the hafnacyclopentane (9) and the alkenyl hydride Cp2*Hf(H)(trans-CH=CHCMe3) do not show direct evidence for η2-cyclopentanone or η2-aldehyde intermediates. The former does, however, proceed directly to the bicyclic enediolate complex 11 most likely by the subsequent carbonylation of the cyclopentanone adduct. The latter undergoes carbonylation first to the hafna-oxacyclopentene , which reacts further with CO to yield hafnadioxo-cycloheptadiene (19). Possible mechanisms for these processes are discussed. The general natures of this chemistry complement theoretical and experiment results from the Hofmann group presented in the preceding article17.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 6 (1994), S. 409-414 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Protein ; Surface treatment ; Glassy carbon electrode ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three types of electrochemical, pretreatments (ECPs) were assessed as a means of reducing albumin adsorption at glassy carbon electrodes. The cyclic voltammetric and differential pulse responses of the probe analyte, ferrocenemonocarboxylic acid (FCA), in the absence and presence of 4 g L-1 bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used to monitor protein adsorption at pretreated electrodes. Severe dc pretreatment in acid increased BSA adsorption (compared to that at a polished electrode), whereas square-wave pretreatment in aqueous NaCl and dc pretreatment in base both reduced the amount of BSA adsorption. The effects of the latter two ECPs on the response of acetaminophen in the presence of BSA were examined. The loss of sensitivity in the presence of BSA was reduced at electrodes which were pretreated. However, our results sugges: that ECP which leads to very strong accumulation of analyte may have a deleterious effect on electrode performance in the presence of protein.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 693-698 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Flow analysis ; Covalently modified glassy carbon electrodes ; Selectivity ; Monolayers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Significant improvements in selectivity for amperometric detection in flow analysis are achieved at covalently modified glassy carbon electrodes. Flow detectors modified with p-alkylbenzene (alkyl = methyl, decyl) and p-phenylacetate monolayers demonstrate how selectivity may be obtained on the basis of solute hydrophobicity and charge. The modified electrodes are stable under hydrodynamic conditions and in aqueous and mixed aqueous/organic carrier streams.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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