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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial microbial distributions of nitrifiers and heterotrophs in mixed-population biofilms (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 24-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biofilm ; interspecies competition ; spatial microbial distribution ; heterotrophs ; nitrifiers ; microslicing ; model simulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Spatial microbial distributions of nitrifiers and heterotrophs in undefined mixed-population biofilms were experimentally investigated using a microslicer technique and correlated with nitrification efficiency of the biofilm system. The general stratification of different bacterial groups in the biofilm was simulated using a one-dimensional (1-D) mathematical biofilm accumulation model (BAM) and compared with the experimental results. Biofilms were cultured at three C : N ratios of feed solutions in a partially submerged rotating biological contactor (RBC). It was shown that the biofilms were vertically stratified (from biofilm surface to substratum). At C : N = 0, heterotrophs and nitrifiers coexisted in the outermost biofilm and heterotrophs dominated in the innermost biofilm. At C : N = 1.5, heterotrophs outcompeted nitrifiers for dissolved oxygen and space; thus, heterotrophs dominated in the outermost biofilm and nitrifiers were present only in the deeper biofilm. Nitrifiers and heterotrophs coexisted in the innermost biofilm. An increase in the influent C : N ratio resulted in stronger stratification of microbial species, as well as inhibition of nitrification. In batch experiments, NH4—N utilization rate (RNH4—N) was almost the same at each substrate C : N ratio even though NH4 oxidizers were predominantly present in the deeper biofilm. The biofilm performance could not be sufficiently explained by the obtained microbial spatial distribution, suggesting that one-dimensional description of microbial distribution was not good enough and three-dimensional measurements of microbial spatial distribution is necessary. Total bacterial densities increased by a factor of 3-17 with biofilm depth. The metabolically active cell fraction decreased from 35 ± 13% in the outermost biofilm to 15 ± 4% in the innermost biofilm, presumably due to substrate limitation. The model predicted more pronounced stratification of nitrifiers and heterotrophs than the observed results. This discrepancy could be attributed to the real biofilms that were structurally heterogeneous (e.g., water channels), which could not be described by the one-dimensional model. The results of this study clearly indicate the limitation of 1-D biofilm models to describe the extent of stratification of nitrifiers and heterotrophs and suggest a 3-D model is necessary. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human recombinant interleukin-1β- and tumor necrosis factor α-mediated suppression of heparin-like compounds on cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 144 (1990), S. 383-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytokines are known to tip the balance of the coagulant-anticoagulant molecules on the endothelial cell surface toward intravascular coagulation. Their effects on endothelial cell surface-associated heparin-like compounds have not been examined yet. Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into heparan sulfate on cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells was suppressed by human recombinant interleukin-1β (rIL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor α (rTNFα) in a dose- and time-dependent manner with little effect on cell number, protein content, and [3H]leucine incorporation of cells. Maximal inhibition was achieved by incubation of cells with 100 ng/ml of rlL-1β or 5 ng/ml of rTNFα for 12-24 hours, resulting in a reduction of the synthesis of heparan sulfate on the cell surface by approximately 50%. The dose dependency was consistent with that seen in the stimulation of endothelial cell procoagulant activity by each cytokine. The suppression of heparan sulfate synthesis was sustained for at least 48 hours after pretreatment of cells with cytokines and was unchanged after the addition of indomethacin or polymyxin B. The rate of degradation of prelabeled 35S-heparan sulfate on the cell surface was not altered by cytokine treatments. Neither the size, the net negative charge, nor the proportion of the molecule with high affinity for antithrombin III of endothelial cell heparan sulfate was changed by cytokines. Furthermore, specific binding of 125I-Labeled antithrombin III to the endothelial cell surface was reduced to 40-60% of control by cytokines. In parallel with reduction in binding, antithrombin III cofactor (heparin-like) activity was partially diminished in cytokine-treated endothelial cells. Thus, cytokine-mediated suppression of heparin-like substance on endothelial cells appears to be another cytokine-inducible endothelial effects affecting coagulation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041440304
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uvomorulin-catenin complex: Cytoplasmic anchorage of a Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecule (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 11 (1989), S. 88-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytoplasmic domain of the cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin associates with three independent proteins, named catenins, which are structurally related in different cell types of various species. This complex formation connects uvnomorulin and cytoskeletal structures and might, moreover, be involved in other adhesion-dependent mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950110403
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct synthesis of aromatic polyesters by use of a sulfonium salt derived from tosyl chloride and N-methylimidazole (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 1361-1367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sulfonium salt derived from tosyl chloride and N-methylimidazole was successfully used as an effective condensing agent for the preparation of high-molecular-weight aromatic polyesters by the direct polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and bisphenols. Conditions for the formation of the sulfonium salt and of the reaction of the salt with dicarboxylic acids favorable for the polycondensation were examined. Thermal property of a polymer was investigated in terms of random sequences of monomer in the polymer backbone. Preparation of a polyamide and a polyesteramide was attempted with limited success.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170230509
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct polyesterification promoted by a complex of diphenyl chlorophosphate with LiBr (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The diphenyl chlorophosphate (DPCP)-promoted polycondensation reaction between aromatic dicarboxylic acids and bisphenols was largely improved by carrying out the reaction in the presence of lithium halides to give high molecular weight aromatic polyesters. Among the halides LiBr, which is capable of forming a complex with hexamethylphosphoramide, was most effective, suggesting that a similar complexation of DPCP with LiBr in pyridine facilitates the complete reaction of DPCP with carboxyl groups. The complex could selectively activate carboxyl groups of hydroxybenzoic acids to give high molecular weight copolyesters from several combinations of aromatic hydroxy acids. The reaction could also be adaptable to the copolycondensations of a mixture of the dicarboxylic acids, bisphenols, and hydroxybenzoic acids.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170230108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copoly(amide - ester)s from p-aminobenzoic and hydroxybenzoic acids by the direct polycondensation with diphenyl chlorophosphate and LiCl (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 1699-1705 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction promoted by diphenyl chlorophosphate (DPCP) and LiCl was found to be effectively used for the preparation of aromatic polyesters with high molecular weights directly from hydroxybenzoic acids when the condensing agent was added dropwise. The reaction was successfully to the direct polycondensation reaction of p-aminobenzoic and hydroxybenzoic acids, giving high-molecular-weight copoly(amide - ester)s soluble in amide or phenolic solvents. Copolycondensations of isophthalic and terephthalic acids with bisphenols and aromatic diamines were also examined by adding the DPCP solution to a mixture of these monomers or by initial reaction of DPCP with the acids followed by dropwise addition of a mixture of bisphenols and the diamines. The latter stepwise reaction gave random copolymers soluble in amide and phenolic solvents. Thermal properties of these copolymers were studied.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170230611
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled release of drugs from hydrogel matrices (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 2089-2098 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of polymers with wide ranges of water absorptivity were prepared and utilized as matrices for the controlled release of drugs. The drugs were introduced into the matrices by use of an appropriate organic solvent. Release rates of erythromycin and erythromycin estolate from hydrogel were analyzed kinetically and found to conform to Higuchi's equation, that is, Mt = A(2DtCsC0)1/2, where Mt is the accumulated amount of released drug at time t, A is the surface area, D is the diffusion coefficient, Cs is the solubility of drug in the hydrogel matrix, and Co is the initial drug content of the preparation in the swollen state. The relationship between the water content of hydrogel and the diffusion coefficient of erythromycin in hydrogel is expressed by the equation D = 3.03 × 10-10 W3.03 (cm2/sec), where W is the water content (%). The release rate of drug can be controlled quantitatively by adjustment of the water content of the hydrogel matrix. A guide to the design for the preparation is suggested.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230719
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass-spectrometric thermal analysis of impurities in epoxy resins (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1047-1051 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160422
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron spin resonance spectra and hyperfine coupling constants of the α-tocopheroxyl and 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-chroman-6-oxyl radicals derived from vitamin E and its model and deuterated model compoundsContribution TMIG-I No. 42. (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 21 (1983), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highly resolved electron spin resonance spectra of the α-tocopheroxyl or 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-oxyl radicals were obtained from the oxidation of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) or its model compound, 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-ol, with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl or superoxide ion. Complete assignments of the hyperfine coupling constants of these radicals were made on the basis of the spectra of the deuterated isotopomers of the 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-oxyl radical. The large coupling constant due to the methyl group at C-5 in the α-tocopheroxyl radical may have implications for the high reactivity toward radicals of C-5 in α-tocopherol.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/omr.1270210408
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of polyamides with [60]fullerene in the main chain (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 3139-3146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: [60]fullerene ; polyamide ; conjugation ; cyclopropane ring ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel series of polyamides having [60]fullerene moieties in the main chain were synthesized by a direct polycondensation of [60]fullerenobis(acetic acid) or [60]fullerenobis(acetic acid)/isophthalic acid mixture with a diamine in the presence of triphenyl phosphite and pyridine. Various properties of the polyamides were characterized by means of IR, GPC, TGA, DSC, UV-visible, and photoluminescence. The molecular weight Mw of the [60]fullerene-containing polyamides was observed in the range from about 300,000 to 3,000; upon the changing of the ratio of [60]fullerenobis(acetic acid)/isophthalic acid in the starting mixture, the resulting Mw decreased with increasing the ratio. Most of the thermal and optical properties gradually changed as the ratio changed; the major optical absorption band in visible range exhibited a significant tailing, which shifted toward a longer wavelength, while the photoluminescence spectrum red-shifted with increasing [60]fullerene content. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 3139-3146, 1998
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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