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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of phenylacetic acid by two strains of Penicillium chrysogenum (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 310-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Penicillium chrysogenum ; phenylacetic acid ; transport ; metabolism ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Uptake of phenylacetic acid, the side-chain precursor of benzylpenicillin, was studied in Penicillium chrysogenum Wisconsin 54-1255 and in a strain yielding high levels of penicillin. In penicillin fermentations with the high-yielding strain, 100% recovery of phenylacetic acid in benzylpenicillin was found, whereas in the Wisconsin strain only 17% of the supplied phenylacetic acid was incorporated into benzylpenicillin while the rest was metabolized. Accumulation of total phenylacetic acid-derived carbon in the cells was nonsaturable in both strains at high external concentrations of phenylacetic acid (250-3500 μM), and in the high-yielding strain at low phenylacetic acid concentrations (2.8-100 μM), indicating that phenylacetic acid enters the cells by simple diffusion, as concluded earlier for P. chrysogenum by other authors. However, at low external concentrations of phenylacetic acid saturable accumulation appeared in the Wisconsin strain. HPLC-analyses of cell extracts from the Wisconsin strain showed that phenylacetic acid was metabolized immediately after entry into the cells and different [14C]-labeled metabolites were detected in the cells. Up to approximately 50% of the accumulated phenylacetic acid was metabolized during the transport-assay period, the conversion having an impact on the uptake experiments. Nevertheless, accumulation of free unchanged phenylacetic acid in the cells showed saturation kinetics, suggesting the possible involvement of a high-affinity carrier in uptake of phenylacetic acid in P. chrysogenum Wisconsin 54-1255. At high concentrations of phenylacetic acid, contribution to uptake by this carrier is minor in comparison to simple diffusion and therefore, of no importance in the industrial production of penicillin. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 310-316, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclopentadienylidene, XV. Cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-thion, ein stabiles Tropothion (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 2087-2094 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclopentadienylidenes, XV. Cyclohepta[c]pyrrole-6(2H)-thione, a Stable TropothioneCyclohepta[c]pyrrole-6(2H)-thiones (5) are synthesized in two ways from cyclohepta[c]pyrrole-6[2H]-ones (2). The thiones are characterized by reaction with methyl iodide, 9-diazo-1,8-diaza-fluorene (8), and diphenyldiazomethane (11), respectively. Dipole moments of 2 and 5 are reported, spectroscopic data of 5 and of some reaction products are discussed.
    Notes: Cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-one (2) lassen sich nach zwei Methoden in stabile Thioanaloge 5 überführen, die chemisch als Methoiodide 6 und durch Reaktion mit 9-Diazo-1,8-diazafluoren (8) bzw. Diphenyldiazomethan (11) charakterisiert werden können. Dipolmomente von 2 und 5 werden mitgeteilt, spektroskopische Daten von 5 und deren Folgeprodukte diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120619
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclopentadienylidene, XVI. Kondensationsreaktionen von Cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-on mit substituierten Cyclopentadienen zu neuen Pentadecaazafulvalenen (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 3756-3765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclopentadienylidenes, XVI. Condensation Reactions of Cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-one with Substituted Cyclopentadienes to Novel PentadecaazafulvalenesCondensation of the cyclopentadienes 5, 12, and 14, activated by electron-attracting substituents, with cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-one 6 by heating in acetic anhydride yields deeply coloured, potentially dipolar 6π-10π-systems, the cyclopentadienylidene-cyclohepta[c]pyrroles 7, 13, and 15. Their constitutions are determined by 1H NMR; typical spectroscopic data, especially characteristics of the electronic spectra, are discussed.
    Notes: Die durch elektronenziehende Substituenten aktivierten Cyclopentadiene 5, 12 und 14 lassen sich mit Cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-6(2H)-on 6 durch Erhitzen in Acetanhydrid zu den tieffarbigen, potentiell dipolaren 6π-10π-Systemen, den Cyclopentadienyliden-cyclohepta[c]pyrrolen 7, 13 und 15 kondensieren. Deren Konstitution wird durch 1H-NMR-Untersuchungen bestimmt, typische spektroskopische Daten, besonders das charakteristische Absorptionsverhalten in Elektronenspektren, werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19821151208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of glucose at a rotating gold composite electrode by pulsed amperometric detection (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 8 (1996), S. 443-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Glucose ; Composite electrodes ; Pulsed amperometry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Segregated composite electrodes mimic microelectrode ensembles. In this preliminary report, the use of a rotating gold-polychlorotri- fluoroethylene (or Kel-F, a 3M Company polymer) composite electrode in combination with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) is described for the detection of glucose. Comparisons are made with results obtained at a solid gold disk electrode. The composite electrode exhibits a higher signal and a lower background than does the solid gold electrode. In terms of current density, the enhancement of the signal above the background is over 3-fold, similar to that observed with segregated graphite composite electrodes used in a constant potential mode. Little or no glucose signal is observed at either the solid gold or the gold composite electrode when employed in the constant potential mode. In the PAD mode, the signal is stable for periods in excess of an hour.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140080508
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential extracellular matrix gene expression by fibroblasts during their proliferative life span in vitro and at senescence (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 151 (1992), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Increasing evidence supports the idea that the finite proliferative life span of normal fibroblasts is a differentiation-like phenomenon. If this were correct, an ordered sequence of differential gene expression should be associated with the in vitro progression of cells from low passage to high passage (senescence). To define the pattern of expression of fibroblast differentiation-associated genes during this in vitro progression, we have determined the temporal pattern of expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes in Syrian hamster dermal fibroblasts as a function of passage level and percentage of proliferative life span in vitro. Steady-state mRNA levels were determined by Northern and dot blot analyses of total cellular RNA hybridized with cDNA probes specific for fibronectin, procollagen α1 III, and procollagen α1 I. Cells were analyzed at 24 hr postconfluence to minimize the presence of actively proliferating cells, and because maximal levels of fibronectin, α1 III, and α1 I mRNAs were observed 24 hr postconfluence. Unique, multiphasic patterns of expression of each of these ECM components were observed as the cells progressed from low passage to high passage. As the cells reached midhigh passage, fibronectin mRNA levels increased. This midpassage increase in fibronectin was followed by an increase in the level of α1 III mRNA as the cells reached the end of their in vitro proliferative life span, and then α1 I when the cells entered the postmitotic senescert phase, at which time the level of fibronectin mRNA also declined. A similar overlapping cascade pattern of up-regulation of these genes is seen during development and wound repair. This suggests that as cultured fibroblasts reach the end of their proliferative life span, they reinitiate a gene expression program used in tissue development and repair. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041510119
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effective handling of a large configuration state function expansion for an MCSCF state and improved efficiency for two-electron integral transformations in MCSCF (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 23 (1983), S. 789-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Effective solutions for two difficulties which may be present in MCSCF calculation are discussed: (i) We show how the large configuration state function state expansion case may be handled simply and effectively without the introduction of extraneous projection operators or Lagrange multipliers; (ii) we present a simplified two-electron integral transformation procedure which significantly reduces the operation count (and hence computational efficiency is increased) for second order and particularly for third order MCSCF procedures. The procedures we introduce use some freedom available in the orthogonal complement Cl space and the virtual orbital space to simplify MCSCF calculations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560230304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second- and higher-order convergence in linear and nonlinear multiconfigurational Hartree-Fock theory (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 24 (1983), S. 25-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We discuss how the local convergence of Newton-Raphson and fixed Hessian MCSCF iterative models may be rationalized in terms of a total order of convergence in an error vector and a corresponding error term. We demonstrate that a sequence of N Newton-Raphson iterations has a total order of convergence of 2N and that a sequence of N fixed Hessian iterations has a total order of convergence of N + 1. We derive the error terms of a Newton-Raphson and a fixed Hessian sequence of iterations. We discuss the implementation of the fixed Hessian and the Newton-Raphson approaches both when linear and nonlinear transformations of the variables are carried out. Sample calculations show that insight into the structure of the local convergence of Newton-Raphson and fixed Hessian models can be based on an order of convergence and an error term analysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560240104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiconfigurational Hartree-Fock response functions (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 23 (1983), S. 959-971 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The linear, quadratic, and cubic response of a multiconfigurational Hartree-Fock state to a time independent one-electron perturbation has been derived. A comparison between the exact response functions as obtained from Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory and the multiconfigurational Hartree-Fock response functions allows a identification of matrix elements of the perturbation operator between the ground and excited states and between excited states. We discuss some ambiguities which result from such an identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560230319
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The master two-dimensional gel database of human AMA cell proteins: Towards linking protein and genome sequence and mapping information (Update 1991) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 12 (1991), S. 765-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The master two-dimensional gel database of human AMA cells currently lists 3801 cellular and secreted proteins, of which 371 cellular polypeptides (306 IEF; 65 NEPHGE) were added to the master images during the last 10 months. These include: (i) very basic and acidic proteins that do not focus under normal running conditions and (ii) low-abundant proteins that can only be detected after prolonged gel exposure. Annotation categories updated in this version include “protein name”, “antibody against protein”, “cellular localization”, and “microsequenced proteins”. New entries include “human autoantigens” and “cDNAs”. For convenience we have included an alphabetical list of all known proteins recorded in this database. In the long run, the main goal of this database is to link protein and DNA sequencing and mapping information (Human Genome Program) and to provide an integrated picture of the expression levels and properties of the thousands of proteins that orchestrate various cellular functions both under physiological and abnormal conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150121103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human keratinocyte two-dimensional gel protein database (update 1992): Towards an integrated approach to the study of cell proliferation, differentiation and skin diseases (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 13 (1992), S. 893-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The master two-dimensional gel database of human keratinocytes currently lists 2980 cellular proteins (2098 isoelectric focusing, IEF; and 882 nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, NEPHGE) many of which correspond to posttranslational modifications. About 20% of all recorded proteins have been identified (protein name, organelle components, etc.) and they are listed in alphabetical order together with their Mr, pI, cellular localization and credit to the investigator(s) that aided in the identification. Also, we have listed 145 microsequenced proteins that are recorded in this database. As an aid in localizing the polypeptides we have included blow-ups of the master images (IEF, NEPHGE) displaying all the protein numbers. In the long run, the master keratinocyte database is expected to link protein and DNA sequencing and mapping information (Human Genome Program) and to provide an integrated picture of the expression levels and properties of the thousands of proteins that orchestrate various keratinocyte functions both in health and disease.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501301198
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