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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moffatt eddies in viscous flow through a curved tube of square cross section (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320120
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactase and other enzymes bound to chitin with glutaraldehyde (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 315-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Acid tolerant lactase (I), α-chymotrypsin (II), and acid phosphatase (III) were immobilized on chitin with glutaraldehyde. Pretreatments of the chit in with acid, alkali, ammonia, and pronase were compared with respect to release of titratable amino groups and ability to retain lactase activity. Shrimp chitin appeared to be more sensitive to pretreatment conditions and so effort was concentrated on crab. An acid-alkali pretreatment was selected as most practical and economical, and the properties of enzymes fixed on crab chitin were studied intensively. The pH optima of the fixed enzymes were shifted about one pH unit; the shift for I was toward more acid pH, for II was toward alkaline pH, and for III was toward acid pH. The retained activity of immobilized I was approximately 60% that of the native enzyme. A column in continuous operation with I on chitin-glutaraldehyde gave an apparent activity half-life of 27 days.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of a filamentous mold in a glass pilot-scale airlift fermentor (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 863-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Results of pilot plant studies using a glass airlift fermentation device (55 liter fermentation volume) have proven the relative merits of such a system in the fermentation of a filamentous mold, Monascus purpureus, on 4% (w/w) starch media. The resultant overall yield of cell mass (Yx/s) of 0.38 was an appreciable increase over the 0.32 obtained with a pilot scale stirred tank fermentor previously studied. Power requirements of the airlift fermentor were approximately 50% of those for the mechanically agitated system. The lack of mechanical shear in the airlift system provides a more gentle environment or the cultivation of organisms than does the high degree of shear prevalent in the mechanically agitated vessels. Mass transfer of oxygen to the aqueous phase of the fermentation volume is improved significantly through use of the airlift device. Mass transfer coefficients in the range of 200 reciprocal hr were obtained to approximately 80 reciprocal hr in the stirred tank fermentor.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230416
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow characteristics of a pilot-scale airlift fermentor (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2421-2431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of aeration on the flow characteristics of water in a glass pilot-scale airlift fermentor have been examined. The 55-L capacity fermentor consisted of a 15.2-cm-i.d. riser column with a 5.1-cm-i.d. downcomer tube. It was found that the average bubble size diminished with increased aeration. Typically, average bubble sizes ranged from 4.32 mm at a superficial gas velocity of 0.64 cm/s to 1.92 mm at 10.3 cm/s. A gas holdup of 0.19 was attained with superficial gas velocities (vs) on the order of 10 cm/s, indicating the highly gassed nature of the fluid in the riser section of the fermentor. Circulation velocities of markers placed in the fermentor decreased with increasing aeration rates due to increased turbulence and axial liquid back mixing within the riser section. Actual volumetric liquid circulation rates remained relatively constant (0.36-0.49 L/s) for values of (vs) up to 10 cm/s. Based on theoretical calculations, the ascending velocity of bubbles in a swarm reached 54 cm/s in the range of (vs) values studied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic modeling of a multiple immobilized enzyme system. I. Development and testing of the model (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2447-2464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A kinetic model for the reaction sequence catalyzed by coimmobilized invertase and glucose oxidase with a sucrose substrate in a tubular reactor has been developed. The computerized mathematical model employs and orthogonal collection technique for solving oxidase were coimmobilized in poly(2-hydroxyethlmethacrylate) gels and used in a continuous flow packed-bed tubular reactor system. In addition to describing the development of the kinetic model, this article compares experimentally determined reactor effluent concentrations for various sucrose feed solutions to those predicted by the model. Variations between experimental and predicted reactor effluent concentrations were found to be on the micromolar level for sucrose feed concentrations as low as 1.38mM.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic modeling of a multiple immobilized enzyme system. II. Application of the model (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2465-2481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mathematical model for the reaction sequence catalyzed by immobilized invertase and glucose oxidase discussed in the preceding article has been used successfully to duplicate experimental findings. In addition, it has been used as a tool for the simulation and prediction of effects derived from alterations to system-related and gel-related parameters. The effects of gel diffusivity on the overall conversion of sucrose substrate to reaction products was investigated through use of this model. Changes in the enzyme loading within a gel and the results of varying the ration of invertase activity to glucose activity were also evaluated. Through use of concentrations of the molecular species determined at the collocation points within a gel particle and in the bulk liquid phase, an estimate of the thickness of the diffusion boundary layer around the gel particle was determined which was in close agreement with values obtained from classical mass transfer relationships. For most of this study, the enzymes were coimmobilized within the same polymeric matrix. However, a number of tests were run with the enzymes immobilized individually and placed in separate reactors in a sequential reactor system. The experimental results from these tests were duplicated successfully by means of the model with little modification to the basic computer program. Such an example illustrates the potential flexibility of the model and its overall versatility.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260231107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth rate effects on fundamental transport properties of bacterial populations (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 1277-1286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: chemotaxis ; growth rate ; migration ; bacteria ; transport coefficients ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In many natural environments, bacterial populations experience suboptimal growth due to the competition with other microorganisms for limited resources. The chemotactic response provides a mechanism by which bacterial populations can improve their situation by migrating toward more favorable growth conditions. For bacteria cultured under suboptimal growth conditions, evidence for an enhanced chemotactic response has been observed previously. In this article, for the first time, we have quantitatively characterized this behavior in terms of two macroscopic transport coefficients, the random motility and chemotactic sensitivity coefficients, measured in the stopped-flow diffusion chamber assay. Escherichia coli cultured over a range of growth rates in a chemostat exhibits a dramatic increase in the chemotactic sensitivity coefficient for D-fucose at low growth rates, while the random motility coefficient remains relatively constant by comparison. The change in the chemotactic sensitivity coefficient is accounted for by an independently measured increase in the number of galactose-binding proteins which mediate the chemotactic signal. This result is consistent with the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic parameters for chemotaxis, which was proposed in the mathematical model of Rivero and co-workers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260421104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereochemical studies of chiral h-1 antagonists of histamine: The resolution, chiral analysis, and biological evaluation of four antipodal pairs (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 4 (1992), S. 356-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: H-1 antihistamines ; chiral HPLC ; β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complexes ; NMR ; circular dichroism ; affinity constants ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The resolution of the H-1 antihistamines chloropheniramine, dimethindene, carbinoxamine, and mebrophenhydramine is described. The optical purity of antipodal products is investigated by chiral HPLC (use of α1 -acid glycoprotein and β-cyclodextrin columns) and NMR (spectra of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes). Configurational relationships among the group are reviewed and assignments are confirmed and extended by circular dichroism evidence. Affinity constants of antipodal pairs for guinea pig ileum and cerebellum sites, determined by gut bath and binding experiments respectively, are reported together with some in vivo tests in man for central effects. Results are discussed in terms of configurational requirements for activity and variations in antipodal potency ratios within the group. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530040606
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(benzimidazole-imide-amide)s containing hexafluoroisopropylidene units (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 210 (1993), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neue Poly (benzimidazol-imid-amid)e mit Hexafluorisopropyliden-Einheiten in der Kette wurden durch Polykondensation von Diaminobenzimidazolen mit neuen Disäuredichloriden hergestellt, die sowohl Imid- als auch Hexafluorisopropyliden-Gruppen enthalten. Diese Polymeren besitzen eine hohe thermische Stabilität und eine niedrige Dielektizitätskonstante. Sie lösen sich in polaren aprotischen Lösemitteln; aus den Lösungen lassen sich transparente, flexible Filme gießen. Wegen dieser Eigenschaften sind sie für die Anwendung als dielektrische Beschichtung in der Mikroelektronik geeignet.
    Notes: New poly(benzimidazole-imide-amide)s containing hexafluoroisopropylidene units in the backbone have been synthesized by polycondensation of diaminobenzimidazoles with novel diacid dichlorides which incorporated both imide and hexafluoroisopropylidene groups. These polymers have high thermal stability and low dielectric constant and are soluble in polar aprotic solvents giving transparent, flexible films by casting their solutions. Such properties make them attractive for applications as dielectric coatings in microelectronics.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052100111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorine-containing polyimides with phenylquinoxaline units (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 211 (1993), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe neuer Polyimide mit Phenylchinoxalin-Einheiten wurde durch Lösungspolykondensation von 2,2-Bis(1,3-dioxo-1H,3h-isobenzofuran-5-yl) hexafluoropropan (Hexafluorisopropyliden-diphthalsäure-anhydrid) mit Phynylchinoxalin-Einheiten enthaltenden aromatischen Diaminen synthetisiert. Aus diesen, in polaren Amiden löslichen Polymeren lassen sich transparente, flexible Filme mit niedriger Dielektrizitätskonstante und hoher thermischer Stabiltät (Zersetzungstemperaturen oberhalb 400°C) herstellen.
    Notes: A series of new polyimides with phenylquinoxaline units have been synthesized by solution polycondensation of 2,2-bis(1,3-dioxo-1H,3H-isobenzofuran-5-yl)hexafluoropropane (hexafloroisopropylidene-diphthalic anhydride) with aromatic diamines containing preformed phenylquinoxaline units. These polymers are soluble in polar amidic solvents and can be processed into transparent, flexible films, having low dielectric constants and high thermal stability with decomposition temperatures above 400°C.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052110110
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