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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of crystallinity on PVC physical properties (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 16 (1994), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Crystallinity in PVC contributes significantly to the strength and resiliency of the polymer. Two types of crystallites have been described: a primary crystallite in the virgin powder state pictured as a platelet or flat needle-like lamellar crystallite, and a secondary, fringed micellar crystallite from melts or solutions. Both crystallites create loose, crosslinking networks. The secondary crystallite forms when plastisol melts are cooled or solutions are gelled. Crystallites exert a major effect on rheological properties. The thermal destruction of the primary crystallite networks in the melt phase results in a decrease in elastic modulus. Cooling from the fused state creates secondary crystallites that affect tensile and elongation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730160110
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of silicone oil on PVC plastisols (1987)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 9 (1987), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Surface defects in the form of craters have been a sporadic problem for manufacturers of films and coatings made from PVC plastisols. Examination and analysis of plastisols and films from two manufacturers have led to the conclusion that frequently such defects are caused by contamination of one or more of the plastisol components by silicone oil. Silicone oil is immiscible in commonly used plasticizers such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and can coalesce in mixing vats or pick up reservoirs to form droplets or pools of oil on the surface of the plastisol. Distribution of the droplets onto the substrate with the plastisol can cause craters to form when the oil dissipates into the melt during fusion.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730090409
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blowing agent decomposition in vinyl foams (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 13 (1991), S. 144-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Azodicarbonamide has been widely used for many years as the blowing agent of choice for expansion of vinyl foams. It has been especially useful in chemically embossed flooring because the sensitivity of the blowing agent to various factors affecting its decomposition temperature permits control of the degree of expansion of the foam. Considerable work has been done by a number of investigators to elucidate these factors. Mechanisms for the decomposition of azodicarbonamide have been proposed in the literature to explain the activating or retarding effect of many compounds on the decomposition temperature. The use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry with an active reference is shown to be an extremely useful tool in determining small effects of various additives on the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730130307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone morphogenetic protein inhibits differentiation and affects expression of helix-loop-helix regulatory molecules in myoblastic cells (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 53 (1993), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: bone morphogenetic protein ; helix-loop-helix molecules ; myogenin ; Myo D ; herculin ; myf-5 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) reproducibly induces chondrogenesis and osteogenesis when implanted into skeletal muscle. The exact identity of the cell that responds to BMP is not known. Furthermore, controversy exists regarding the possibility that myoblastic cells may transdifferentiate to chondrocytes and osteoblasts under the influence of BMP. We have therefore, undertaken studies on the effects of BMP on differentiation in L6 and C2C12 cells, two rodent myoblastic cell lines. To gain insights into the mechanisms of action of BMP, we have studied the effects of BMP on the levels of expression of the four known myogenic determination genes: myogenin, Myo D, herculin, and myf-5. BMP inhibited myogenesis in myoblastic cells. Convincing evidence of transdifferentiation of myoblasts to chondrocytes or osteoblasts was not seen. BMP inhibited the expression of all four myogenic determination genes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240530107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and evaluation of porous ceramic and titanium alloy dental anchors implanted in miniature swine (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 8 (1974), S. 391-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A study sponsored by the National Institute of Dental Research has as its major goal the development of easily fabricated and implantable dental anchors for replacement of missing or extracted teeth. Tissue ingrowth fixes the anchors in the mandibular or maxillary bone where they can serve as a base for future attachment of prefabricated dental caps, bridges, or other dental prostheses. More immediate objectives are to determine the suitability of specific porous titanium and ceramic materials for anchor applications, to develop satisfactory designs and fabrication procedures for producing these devices, and to define material/bone interface bonding characteristics through in vivo studies. The value of the Hanford Miniature Swine as a human analog for dental research is being assessed concurrently.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820080419
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The self-inhibited pyrolysis of isobutane (1973)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 5 (1973), S. 1007-1021 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolysis of isobutane was investigated in the ranges of 770° to 855°K and 20 to 150 Torr at up to 4% decomposition. The reaction is homogeneous and strongly self-inhibited. A simple Rice-Herzfeld chain terminated by the recombination of methyl radicals is proposed for the initial, uninhibited reaction. Self-inhibition is due to abstraction of hydrogen atoms from product isobutene giving resonance-stabilized 2-methylallyl radicals which participate in termination reactions. The reaction chains are shown to be long. It is suggested that a previously published rate constant for the initiation reaction (1)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ i - C_4 H_{10} \to CH_3 + i - C_3 H_7 $$\end{document} is incorrect and the value k1 = 1016.8 exp (-81700 cal mol-1/RT)s-1 is recommended. The values of the rate constants for the reactions (4i) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ CH_3 + i - C_4 H_{10} \to CH_3 + i - C_4 H_9 $$\end{document} (4t) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ CH_3 + i - C_4 H_{10} \to CH_4 + t - C_4 H_9 $$\end{document} (8) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ CH_3 + i - C_4 H_8 \to CH_4 + 2 - methylallyl $$\end{document} are estimated to be \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_{4i} = 10^{13.16} \exp (- 16300calmol^{ - 1} /RT)cm^3 mol^{ - 1} s^{ - 1} $$\end{document} \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_{4t} = 10^{12.51} \exp (- 12900calmol^{ - 1} /RT)cm^3 mol^{ - 1} s^{ - 1} $$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_{8} = 10^{14.05} \exp (- 17600calmol^{ - 1} /RT)cm^3 mol^{ - 1} s^{ - 1} $$\end{document} From a recalculation of previously published data on the pyrolysis of isobutane at lower temperatures and higher pressures, the value k11c, = 109.6 cm3 mol-1 s-1 is obtained for the rate constant of recombination of t-butyl. A calculation which is independent of any assumed rate constants or thermochemistry shows that the predominant chain termination reaction is the recombination of two methyl radicals in the conditions of the present work and the recombination of two t-butyl radicals in those of our previous study at lower temperatures and higher pressures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550050610
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