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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (112)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetting effects on boiling heat transfer: The copper-stearic acid system (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to study effects of wetting on heat transfer in the nucleate boiling regime, stearic acid was boiled in contact with different crystal planes of single crystals of copper. One crystal plane being wetted by the acid more completely than the other, they are called wetted and nonwetted surfaces. In the region of low heat flux, where heat transfer is primarily nonboiling natural convection, the nonwetted crystal required higher values of temperature difference than the wetted crystal for the same flux. At high values of heat flux, though not in the vicinity of the critical temperature difference, the situation was reversed; that is, the nonwetted surface required lower temperature difference than the wetted surface.In the present studies, stearic acid was boiled at about 465°F., corresponding to a pressure of 17 mm. of mercury. Heat flux ranged from 3,450 to 63,300-B.t.u./(hr.)(sq. ft.), and temperature difference between the copper crystal and the stearic acid ranged from 38° to 132°F. The corresponding range of heat transfer coefficient was from 91 to 510 B.t.u./(hr.)(sq. ft.)(°F.).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040406
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human interferon production with diploid fibroblast cells grown on microcarriers (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A variety of diploid human fibroblast lines have been successfully grown to high densities (〉106 cell/ml) on recently developed microcarriers. Interferon induction using poly I·poly C and a superinduction procedure resulted in yields greater than 10,000 units/ml with one cell line. A direct comparison of microcarrier cultures to roller bottle cultures showed equivalent interferon yields on a per cell basis and some apparent differences relating to optimum inducer concentrations and kinetics of interferon accumulation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210306
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of growth surface parameters in microcarrier cell culture (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 821-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The microcarrier technique for the growth of anchorage-dependent animal cells has been studied and significantly improved. Excellent cell growth (up to 5 × 106 cells/ml) has been obtained on a newly synthesized microcarrier optimized with respect to substitution with a positively charged exchange moiety. Various parameters of microcarrier culture were examined in order to identify the source of reported “toxicities” associated with this technique. The hypothesis that bead adsorption of nutrients is responsible for such “toxicities” was found to be inconsistent with our results, which suggest that microenvironmental effects are critical for cell propagation on microcarriers.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210507
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of effective diffusion coefficients and distribution constants in polysaccharide gels with non-steady-state measurements (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 501-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: diffusion ; gel ; alginate ; lactose ; lactic acid ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A non-steady-state method has been used for determining the effective diffusion coefficient, De, and a distribution constant, Ki, of small molecules in alginate gel beads. A mathematical model based on Pick's law and includingexternal film diffusion resistance describe the diffusion process. Criticalexperimental parameters for the estimation of De and Ki, for both one- and two-parameter methods were the initial solute concentration in the bulk liquid, the void fraction inthe reactor, and the experimental starting point. In our analysis, the two-parameter method is preferable. Incorporation of an estimate of the film resistance into the overall model increased the estimated values of De significantly and improved the stability of the term over a range of reactor agitation rates. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470412
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effective diffusion coefficient and the distribution constant for small molecules in calcium-alginate gel beads (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 492-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: alginate ; diffusion ; gel ; saccharides ; organic acids ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effective diffusion coefficient, De, and the distribution constant, Ki, for selected mono- and disaccharides and organic acids were determined in homogeneous calcium-alginate gel with and without entrapped bacteria. Results were obtained from transient concentration changes in well-stirred solutions of limited volume, in which the gel beads were suspended. The effective diffusioncoefficients and the distribution constants were estimated by fitting mathematical model predictions to the experimental data using a nonlinear model fitting program (MODFIT). Both single solute diffusion and multiple solute diffusion were performed. A small positive effect was obtained onthe values of De for the system of multiple solute diffusion; however, the values of Ki were not significantly influenced. For the nine solutes tested, De for 2% Ca-alginate gel beads was found to be approximately 85% of the diffusivity measured in water. The effects on De and Ki, for lactose and lactic acid were determined for variations of alginate concentration, pH, temperature, and biomass content in the beads. De decreased linearly for both lactose and lactic acid with increasing cell concentration in the Ca-alginate gel. Ki, was constant for both lactose and lactic acid with increasing cell concentration. De was significantly lower at pH 4.5 than at pH 5.5 and 6.5 for both lactose and lactic acid. Furthermore, De seemed to decrease with increased alginate concentration in the range of 1% to 4%. The diffusion rate increased with increasing temperature, and the activation energy for the diffusion process for both lactose and lactic acid was constant in the temperature range tested. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inverse piezoelectric effect in polymers (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 3351-3357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The condition for the inverse piezoelectric effect in polymers is discussed and a thermodynamic criteria is derived. The resulting expression is related to the electrical configuration of the polymer and several promising structures are proposed. A dynamical model of the piezoelectric effect is given, and expressions are derived for the compliance and electromechanical losses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070091013
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aliphatic heterocyclic polymers (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1325-1331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Aliphatic polybenzoxazoles, polybenzothiazoles, and polybenzimidazoles have been prepared by three methods: in poly(phosphoric acid), by the polyamide precursor, and by melt polymerization. The melt polymerization method was found to be the most satisfactory. All of the aliphatic heterocyclic polymers had excellent thermal stability, resistance to alkaline hydrolysis, high glass transition temperatures, and a high degree of flexibility. The only class of polymer found having any degree of solubility, however, was the polybenzimidazoles. Aliphatic polybenzimidazole films were prepared by solution casting. These films were found to be extremely flexible at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The films were unaffected by alkaline hydrolysis, even in an oxidizing medium. A molding prepared from the aliphatic polybenzimidazole had excellent physical properties at both cryogenic and room temperature.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110728
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent developments in high-temperature adhesives (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 184-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: (1) The prognosis for adhesives uieful up to an hour at 1000°F., in air, is good. (2) Organic adhesives based on phenolic and silicone-phenolic resins are more capable than expected of usefulness at 1000°F. (3) Preparation of semiinorganic adhesives by reaction of heat stable organic polymers with inorganic reagents is feasible. (4) The prospect appears excellent for the achievement of adhesives to be used for 1000 hr. at 500°F., in air, on steel. (5) Despite research on 2000°F. adhesives, effort is still urgently needed on materials for use at lower temperatures. (6) Perhaps the area with the most serious shortage of information and research is the development and testing of adhesives for use at 180-500°F. for periods of three to five years. Both military and civilian agencies are planning the construction of supersonic transports which need such structural adhesives.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1962.070062011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing the role of additives during the regeneration of cellulose from viscose solutions (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 192-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influences of caustic, zinc, by-product sulfur, and additives on the degree of swelling and the rate of neutralization of viscose are reported. A film technique showed a marked decrease in gel swell factors as the caustic concentration was increased from 5.5 to 7%. In the presence of zinc and by-product sulfur, the viscose additive retards the regeneration process and reduces the gel swell. On mixing various amounts of “white” and conventional viscoses, a minimum value in gel swell occurs with an equal mixture of “white” and regular viscoses. A similar relationship is obtained on adding a polyethylene oxide derivative or an amine to the viscose; namely, a minimum point is reached at 50-70% by-product sulfur, but in these cases as the by-product sulfur is increased to 100%, the gel swell values level off. The actual numerical values of the gel swells are considerably lower for the mixed viscoses which contain additives in comparison with those without an additive. A gradual retardation of the neutralization rate is observed as the amount of by-product sulfur is increased in viscoses containing a polyethylene oxide derivative. A mechanism explaining the retardation of neutralization rates and reduction of the gel swell is proposed, based on the formation of a coordination complex between the additive, zinc ions, by-product sulfur, and the xanthate.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070020511
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperosmotic hbridoma cell cultures: Increased monoclonal antibody production with addition of glycine betaine (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 991-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: monoclonal antibodies ; hybridoma cells ; hyperosmotic stress ; glycine betaine ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When mouse hybridoma cells were grown in culture media which were made hyperosmotic through the addition of NaCl or sucrose, the specific rate of antibody production increased with medium osmolality, reaching approx. 1.9 times the level obtained at physiological osmolality. However, due to a simultaneous reduction of the maximal cell density in the hyperosmotic media, the effect of the increased production rate did not give significant increases in the maximum antibody titer obtained in the cultures. When the osmoprotective compound, glycine betaine, was included in the NaCl- or sucrose-stressed cultures, the specific antibody production rate wasincreased up to 2.6-fold and maximum antibody titer up to twofold over that obtained in the control culture (physiological osmolality). A similar pattern of response was observed when other osmoprotective compounds (sarcosine, proline, glycine) were added to NaCl-stressed hybridoma cell cultures. For the present experiments, the results suggest that medium osmolality, rather than growth rate, will determine the specific antibody production rate by hybridoma cell line 6H11 growing in hyperosmotic culture media. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440816
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