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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (711)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1984), S. 472-474 
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C/12C ratios of the carboxyl and methyl carbons of acetic acid were determined by two published methods, using the thermal decomposition of sodium acetate and calcium acetate respectively. Comparison of the results obtained on a variety of samples revealed a systematic disagreement of 4.0% between the two methods. The source of this discrepancy is shown to be a fractionation associated with the calcium acetate method.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-triene ; Chromium complexes ; [4+2] Cycloadditions ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The syntheses of the tricarbonylchromium complexes 2 and 3 of 1-oxobenzocyclobutene and 1-hydroxybenzocyclobutene are described. Alcoholate 6 of 3 undergoes a ring opening to the corresponding ortho-quinodimethane intermediate between -30 and -20°C, which is trapped by dienophiles with high diastereoselectivity. While with most dienophiles products with a 1,2-cis configuration (7, 8, 10) are formed, vinyl sulfones react in an exo-selective cycloaddition with formation of 1,2-trans-configurated cycloadducts (12, 13). The configuration of the cycloadduct with phenyl vinyl sulfone is confirmed by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. As one of the important aspects of the chemistry of benzocyclobutene complexes is the chirality of compounds like 2 and 3, the enantiomeric resolution has been achieved via the semioxamazones of ketone 2.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 102-106 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the chemisorptive interaction of hydrogen with the components carbon and iron of steelA tensioned steel of high tensile strength may fail while being under the influence of small amounts of hydrogen. Atomic hydrogen in the metal forms metastable complexes with inner and outer surfaces which weaken the metal-metal-bonds in the lattice. Indications of that already emerge when studying the effect of hydrogen on single iron-carbon-bonds.
    Notes: Bei einem gespannten Stahl hoher Zugfestigkeit können schon geringe eindiffundierte Wasserstoffmengen zum Versagen führen. Der Gefügezusammenhalt wird hierbei dadurch vermindert, daß atomarer Wasserstoff an inneren und äußeren Oberflächen metastabile Komplexe bildet, welche die chemischen Bindungskräfte des Metallgitters herabsetzen. Anhaltspunkte hierfür sind bereits aus der Untersuchung des Wasserstoffeinflusses auf isolierte Eisen-Kohlenstoff-und Eisen-Eisen-Bindungen zu entnehmen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 647-654 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structure of Basic Zinc-O,O′-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphates in Apolar Aprotic SolventsA sample of technically used Zinc-O,O′-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphate enriched by basic Zinc-O,O′-2-ethylhexyldithiophosphates (i-C8-ZnDTP) was investigated in aprotic apolar solvents by integral and structure specific analytical methods. The results let us suppose that the structure of basic i-C8-ZnDTP in apolar aprotic solvents can be described by an Zn3-complex of type ZnO(ZnDTP)2.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chlorine corrosion encountered with the generation and processing of LURGI pressure gasification gas made from coalAfter a brief period of operation, a pressure gasification plant was found to be affected by corrosion of the apparatus which could be mainly attributed to chlorine attack. Chlorine reached the generators in raw coal containing chlorides. A number of measures designed to prevent such corrosion are described; but it was only through a cladding of highly alloyed chrome-nickel steel that satisfactory operating periods could be obtained. The paper also describes damage by chlorine to a tar distillation plant, to the ammonium sulphate plant and a pressure refining plant for petrol, as well as measures designed to prevent such damage.
    Notes: Nach kurzer Betriebszeit trat in einer Druckvergasungsanlage Korrosion der Apparate auf, die überwiegend auf Chlor-Angriff zurückgeführt werden konnte. Chlor gelangte mit einer chloridhaltigen Rohkohle in die Generatoren. Verschiedene Maßnahmen zur Verhütung des Angriffs werden beschrieben; erst Panzerung mit hochlegiertem Chrom-Nickel-Stahl führte zu befriedigend langen Betriebszeiten. Weiter werden Schäden durch Chlor in der Teerdestillationsanlage, dem Ammonsulfatbetrieb und in einer Druckraffinationsanlage für Benzin und Maß nahmen zu ihrer Verhütung beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 216 (1933), S. 49-65 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kaliumbenzolsulfonat sorbiert in reversiblem Prozess Gase und Dämpfe in Abhängigkeit von Druck und Temperatur.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 236 (1938), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 145-148 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Examination, by optical microscopy, of the matrix/analyte morphology of a sample propared from a droplet in matrix-assisted UV laser-desorption mass spectrometry (MUVLDMS) reveals that the matrix crystallizes to a large extent, thus altering the concentration of the material in regions on the surface from that of the bulk applied solution. Microscopy reveals that vanillic acid and to a lesser extent nicotinic acid matrices form prominent crystalline rings around the dried sample spot while sinapic acid forms a more uniform dispersion of the crystallized matrix. Insulin analyte investigated in this report tendss to form a thin isotropic phase in the center of the drops. The first reported use of a KrF excimer laser (249 nm) in MUVLDMS is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 20-23 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dry chemical pretreatment of titanium and polymers for adhesive bondingTitan alloys have to be pretreated to increase the adhesive bonding strength. Because of environmental reasons dry chemical pretreatment methods are preferred compared to wet chemical techniques. One successful method is a silicatisation referring to the ®Saco-technique. Layers generated by this method on titanium or polymer substrates lead to highly water-resistant adhesive bondings. Also adhesive joints of Ti with polymer show high bond strength when polymer and Ti are ®Saco treated. With a suitable optimization of the technological parameters it is possible to adhesively bond polymers also with anaerobic acrylic esters.
    Notes: Titanlegierungen müssen zur Verbesserung ihrer Hafteigenschaften vorbehandelt werden. Aus Umweltschutzgründen werden trockenchemische Vorbehandlungsmethoden den nasschemischen Techniken vorgezogen. Eine erfolgreiche Methode ist eine Silikatisierung nach der Saco®-Technik. Die bei dieser Methode erzeugten Schichten auf Titan oder Polymeren führen zu hoch wasserbeständigen Klebverbindungen. Auch Klebverbindungen von Titan mit Polymeren besitzen hohe Festigkeit, wenn beide Partner nach dem Saco®-Verfahren behandelt wurden. Eine Optimierung der technischen Parameter ermöglicht auch Klebverbindungen unter Verwendung von anaerob härtenden Acrylestern.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 447-459 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion von vorbehandeltem Aluminium nach der kathodischen ElektrotauchlackierungDie Kathodische Elektrotauchlackierung (KTL) ist seit nahezu zwei Jahrzehnten bei der industriellen Abscheidung von Grundierungen auf Stahl gut eingeführt. Epoxidharze ergeben optimale Resultate. Es besteht ein zunehmender Bedarf, dieselbe Technik für Aluminium anzuwenden, speziell für die Mischbauweise Eisen/Aluminium bei Autokarosserien. Allerdings kann dieses Metall durch die OH- -Ionen angegriffen werden, die bei der kathodischen Elektrolyse von Wasser gemäß H2O + e- → ½ H2 + OH entstehen. Die. Al2O · xH2O Schutzschicht kann sich langsam auflösen als Aluminat, und dann reagiert das Al-Metall schnell mit Wasser unter Bildung des dreifachen Volumens an Wasserstoff, wobei die oxidische Schicht wiederhergestellt wird. Demgemäß ist die Bruttoreaktion für die kathodische Korrosion des Al gegeben durch: Al + 2H2O + e- → AlO2- + 2H2.Es ist zu erwarten, daß die Änderungen an der Phasengrenze Al/AlOOH/Lack und die Akkumulation von hydrolisiertem Aluminat im Überzug unter anderem auch das Korrosionsschutzverhalten der Lackschichten beeinflussen könnten. Eine systematische Untersuchung des Einfusses von vier verschiedenen technischen Epoxidharzen von BASF Lacke & Farben AG (l)-(4) mit ihren individuellen Pigmentsystemen, wobei das eine für den Lack 3 frei von Bleisilikat war, wurde unternommen. Sieben verschiedene Aluminium (Legierungs) Substrate warden verwendet. Die Art der Vorbehandlung war in den meisten Fällen eine Zinkphosphatierung. Drei Standard-Korrosionstests für die konventionelle Korrosion (KK) und eine für Filiformkorrosion (FFK) wurden angewandt und standardmäßig ausgewertet. Der verschärfte Freibewitterungs-Korrosionstest dauerte 360 Tage.Es wurde gefunden, daß die Korrosionsschutzwirksamkeit für die KK hauptsächlich durch das Harz beeinflußt wurde, wobei sie in der folgenden Reihenfolge abnahm: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (4) 〉 (2) 〉 (1),\,(3). $$\end{document}Der Einfluß des Substrats war nicht sehr ausgeprägt, aber ein relatives Optimum konnte erkannt werden mit Al Mg 0.4 Si 1.2 mit Gelbchromatierung und Bonazinc 2000® und mit Al Mg 1.5 Si 0.5 Cu 4.0 mit Gelbchromatierung (mit einer Ausnahme). Die Reihenfolge der Wirksamkeit gegen die FFK änderte sich wie folgt: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (2) 〉 (3) 〉 〉 (1),\,(4), $$\end{document} und zinkphosphatiertes Al Mg 3 war allen anderen Substraten überlegen. Die analytisch bestimmte Geschwindigkeit der kathodischen Korrosion für unpigmentierte Lacke korrelierte nicht mit diesen Resultaten, und dies konnte indikativ sein für spezifische Pigmenteffekte. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, daß these systematische Untersuchung auf der Basis von praktischen Systemen und Korrosionstestmethoden einen Weg aufzeigt für die Optimierung der KTL auf Aluminium.
    Notes: Cathodic deposition of paint (CDP) is Well introduced for the industrial coating of primers onto steel since nearly two decades. Epoxy resins provide optimum results. There is an increasing demand to apply the same technique for aluminium, especially for mixed constructions Fe/Al in motor car bodies. However, this metal may be attacked by the OH--ions, generated by the cathodic electrolysis of water according to: H2O + e- → ½ H2 + OH-. The Al2O3 · xH2O protecting layer may dissolve slowly as aluminate and Al-metal then reacts rapidly with water to generate the threefold volume of hydrogen under the reestablishment of the oxide layer. Thus, the overall reaction for this cathodic corrosion of Al is given by: Al + 2H2O + e- → AlO2- + 2H2.It can be foreseen, that the changes at the phase boundary Al, AlOOH/paint and the accumulation of hydrolysed aluminate in the coating may influence, among other, the corrosion protection behavior of the paint layers. A systematic study of the influence of four different industrial epoxy resins from BASF Lacks & Farben AG (1)-(4) with their individual pigment systems, the one for paint (3) to be free of lead silicate, was undertaken. Seven different aluminium (alloy) substrates were employed. Their pretreatment modes were mostly due to zincphosphatation. Three standard corrosion tests for conventional corrosion, (CC) and one for filiform corrosion (FFC) were employed and evaluated, as usual. The accelerated open air corrosion test lasted 360 days.It was found, that for CC the corrosion protection capability was predominantly influenced by the resin, and it decreased in the following order: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (4) 〉 (2) 〉 (1),\,(3). $$\end{document}The effect of the substrate was not very pronounced, but a relative optimum could be seen with Al Mg 0.4 Si 1.2-chromate pretreatment and Bonazinc 2000® and with Al Mg 1.5 Si 0.5 Cu 4.0-chromate pretreatment (with one exception). The ranking for FFC changed to: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ (2) 〉 (3) 〉 〉 (1),\,(4), $$\end{document}, and zincphosphated Al Mg 3 was superior over all the other substrates. The analytically determined rate of cathodic corrosion for unpigmented paints did not correlate to these results, and this may be indicative for specific pigment effects. In conclusion, this systematic study reveals, on the basis of practical systems and corrosion test methods, a way for the optimization of CDP on aluminium.
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