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  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die mit Tetrabenzylzirkon in Toluol bei 30 und 40°C im Dunkeln durchgeführte Polymerisation von Styrol wird mit Hilfe kinetischer, spektroskopischer und radiochemischer Methoden untersucht. Aus den hieraus erhaltenen Daten und unter Heranziehung der aus den Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen ermittelten Informationen wird ein Mechanismus abgeleitet, der mit den experimentellen Befunden im Einklang steht. Die Polymerisation gehört dem koordinativ anionischen Typ an, wobei nur eine der vier Zirkon-Benzyl-Bindungen bei der Polymerisation aktiv ist. Jedes aktive Metall-Zentrum bewirkt das Wachsen einer Kette und wird durch eine β-Wasserstoffabspaltung oder durch eine bimolekulare Reaktion mit einem Monomermolekül desaktiviert. Übertragungsreaktionen treten nicht auf. Nur ein kleiner Anteil des Katalysators nimmt an der Polymerisation teil. Die Konzentration der aktiven Zentren ist sehr klein. Eine Komplexbildung von Tetrabenzylzirkon und koordinierten Monomeren kann experimentell nicht nachgewiesen werden. Werte für die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Initiierung, des Wachstums und des Abbruchs werden bestimmt.
    Notes: The polymerisation of styrene by tetrabenzyl zirconium in toluene in the dark at 30 and 40°C has been studied using kinetics, spectroscopic and radiochemical techniques. From the data obtained, together with information derived from molecular weight measurements, a mechanism has been obtained which is in accord with the experimental findings. The polymerisation is of the coordinated anionic type in which only one of the four zirconium benzyl bonds is activated for polymerisation. Each active metal centre grows only one chain and is terminated by a β-hydrogen abstraction process or by a bimolecular reaction involving monomer. Transfer reactions are absent. Only a small fraction of the catalyst participates in polymerisation and the concentration of active polymerisation centres is very low. A complex between tetrabenzyl zirconium and coordinated monomer could not be detected experimentally. Values for the velocity constants for initiation, propagation and termination are determined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 7 (1973), S. 225-227 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In general, a system of linear (or non-linear) algebraic equations is solved on an analogue computer by integrating an appropriately defined system of associated first-order differential equations, the steady-state solution of which is the desired solution of algebraic system. This approach usually works very well so long as the associated dynamical system is stable. The idea of using the same approach numerically is also not altogether new. One can, ‘analogously’, construct a dynamical system associated with a given system of non-linear algebraic equations and solve it numerically by any of a number of explicit time integration schemes. In fact, similar ideas provide the basis for certain ‘dynamic relaxation’ methods, incremental loading methods and the widely acclaimed methods of invariant imbedding.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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