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  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation des 2-Vinyl-1.3-dioxolans mit radikalischen, anionischen und kationischen Katalysatoren im Bereich von -80 bis +40°C wurde untersucht. Die Polymerisation mit radikalischen Initiatoren verläuft ausschließlich über die Vinyldoppelbindung. Mit Butyllithium trat nur Gasentwicklung ohne Polymerbildung ein. Die Polymerisation mit BF3·O(C2H5)2 ergab lineare oder vernetzte Polymere je nach Art des verwendeten Lösungsmittels und der Polymerisationstemperatur. Ansätze, bei denen lösliche Polymere entstehen, polymerisieren durch Vinyl-Vinyl-Addition (60-65%) und Ringöffnung (35 bis 40%); bei der Ringöffnung entstehen durch Hydrid-Verschiebung 3-10% Estergruppen, während der Rest eine normale Ringöffung des Dioxolans ist. Die Polymerisation in Aceton ergibt ein festes, lineares Polymeres mit einem Erweichungspunkt bei ca. 120°C.2-Methyl-2-vinyl-1.3-dioxolan wurde synthetisiert und mit anionischen, kationischen und radikalischen Katalysatoren polymerisiert. Die Polymerisation durch BF3·O(C2H5)2 verläuft viel langsamer als im Fall des oben erwähnten Dioxolans; alle in homogener Phase erhaltenen Polymeren sind löslich, unabhängig vom Lösungsmittel. Gleichzeitig wurde die Bildung von Estergruppen beobachtet. Diese Feststellung scheint auf eine Isomerisierung durch Verschiebung einer Methylgruppe hinzuweisen.Eine Erklärung der Ringöffnung bei diesem 2-substituierten Dioxolan wird gegeben.
    Notes: The polymerization of 2-vinyl-1.3-dioxolane was examined with radical, anionic and cationic catalysts in the range from -80 to +40°C. The polymerization with radical initiators occurs exclusively through the vinyl double bond. With butyl lithium, a gas evolution takes place without polymer formation. The polymerization with BF3·OEt2 gave linear or cross-linked polymers according to the type of solvent and polymerization temperature used. The runs giving soluble polymers are the result of vinyl-vinyl addition (60-65%) and ring opening (35-40%); when ring opening takes place, 3-10% ester groups are formed due to hydride shift, while the remainder is produced by normal opening of the dioxolane cycle. Polymerization in acetone gave solid, linear polymers with a softening point of about 120°C.2-Methyl-2-vinyl-1.3-dioxolane was synthesized and polymerized with radical, anionic and cationic catalysts. Unlike the dioxolane mentioned above the polymerization with BF3·OEt2 occurs at much slower rates, and all polymers obtained in homogeneous phase are soluble, independent of the solvent used. At the same time, the formation of ester groups has been observed. This fact seems to indicate the existence of an isomerization due to a shift of a methyl group.An explanation of the cleavage of the dioxolane ring in these derivatives with the substituent in position 2 is given.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: chemiluminescence ; flow injection ; isoniazid ; solid-phase reactors ; pharmaceutical analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A flow injection procedure for the indirect chemiluminescent determination of isoniazid is proposed. The method is performed in a flow-injection manifold provided with a solid-phase reactor. The reactor was made from manganese dioxide physically entrapped by polymerization; the redox reaction isoniazid-manganese dioxide released Mn(II) which was monitored through its inhibitory effect on the reaction between luminol and hydrogen peroxide in presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). The procedure resulted in a linear calibration graph over the range 5-15 mg/L of isoniazid with a sample throughput of 43 samples/h. The influence of foreign compounds was studied and the method was applied to determination of the drug in a pharmaceutical formulation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 159 (1994), S. 457-467 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Responses of rat submandibular acini to intracellular alkalinization were investigated. Intracellular alkalinization was induced by addition of NH4Cl or methylamines, or by prepulse with Na butyrate. Only partial recovery occurred following Na butyrate prepulse or methylated amine addition, but full recovery was observed following addition of NH4Cl. The latter recovery was DIDS and dimethylamiloride-insensitive but was inhibited by bumetanide or high [K+] and stimulated in Na+ free buffer and by ouabain. Acetylcholine stimulated recovery from NH4Cl- or Na butyrate pre-pulse-induced alkalinization and reduced the extent of alkalinization induced by methylated amines. Acetylcholine-stimulated recovery from NH4Cl-induced alkalinization was mimicked by substance P or ionomycin and was partially Ca2+-dependent. This stimulated recovery was bumetanide-insensitive but was partially sensitive to charybdotoxin. Taken together, these data indicate that in unstimulated cells, recovery from alkalinization induced by NH4Cl occurs by bumetanide-sensitive transport of the NH4+ ion, that DIDS-inhibitable anion transport contributes little to this recovery, and that acetylcholine and other Ca2+-elevating agents accelerate recovery from NH4Cl-induced alkaline challenge by a mechanism insensitive to bumetanide, DIDS, ouabain, and dimethylamiloride but sensitive to extracellular Ca2+ and to charybdotoxin. Partial recovery from alkaline challenge can also occur in the absence of NH4+ ions, and acetylcholine also stimulates this mode of recovery. Together, these data suggest that these cells have little intrinsic ability to recover from intracellular alkalinization and that the NH4+ ion may be a surrogate for K+ in at least two ion transport pathways. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 36 (1989), S. 369-377 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Experimental works suggest the existence of an oscillating complex in the collisional quenching of Na with N2 molecules. Until now, however, few efforts have been dedicated to the study of these possible complexes. In this work, a diabatic and diabatic-configuration interaction method are proposed in order to investigate the existence of these quasibound levels. The results and their comparison with other available data are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 7 (1989), S. 21-26 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Tyrosinase ; melanoma ; tumour proteases ; melanosome degradation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A high percentage of the total tyrosinase found in Harding-Passey mouse melanoma occurs as a soluble form. This paper shows that melanosomal tyrosinase can be solubilized by several endogenous proteases to yield active tyrosinase. This enzyme, once proteolitically solubilized, can be further degraded, leading to enzyme inactivation. The nature and specificity of the main proteases involved in the solubilization process change depending on the size and necrosis stage of the tumour. Cathepsin B could be the main protease responsible for the solubilization in small tumours (〈 0·5 g). Large tumours are rich in necrotic cells, and cathepsin D and serine-proteases are the main hydrolytic enzymes involved in the proteolytic action on mealanosomes. These results support the view that the high activity of tyrosinase found in the soluble fraction of malignant melanoma is mainly an artefact resulting from degradation of melanosomes by a variety of endogenous proteases, rather than the result of the actual occurrence of high levels of an independent cytosolic isozyme.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 823-829 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A multilayer insulator-metal-insulator capacitive structure was realized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition for a discharge frequency of 35 kHz. The chosen materials were amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride as the insulator and tungsten as the metal. An interlayer of tungsten silicide used as an adhesion layer is deposited between W and a-SiNx:H. An AES depth profiling study coupled with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observation showed the presence of interphases: the interfacial zone between a-SiNx:H and W is constituted by a WNx interphase ∼10 nm deep. Small crystallites are observed in tungsten-based materials. The presence of a mixed phase containing tungsten, silicon, nitrogen and a small amount of oxygen is obvious and noticed on the AES spectra at the WSix/a-SiNx:H interface: its thickness appears to be ∼7 nm.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 681-692 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence on drying selectivity of the continuous-contact mode between a solid wetted with ternary mixtures and a gas stream was theoretically studied. The liquid mixtures, ethanol-isopropanol-water and water-ethanol-acetone, were used. A mathematical model describing a gas-phase-controlled process was developed, and the influence of the process variables was studied by simulations. In addition to the inlet composition of the moisture and temperature of the solid, gas composition has the most important effect on selectivity. Small changes of gas composition, either imposed or spontaneous, may modify completely the process trajectory. The extent of these effects depends on the ratio between the flow rates of inlet gas and liquid contained in the solid. Because of their effects on the evolution of temperature and composition, the operating pressure and energy sources other than convection are also useful in controlling the selectivity. Since all these variables determine the composition of the remaining liquid and thereby product quality, their influence should be predictable. The model may be a valuable tool for exploring the process, provided that drying is gas-phase-controlled.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1135-1143 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Directly injection molded blends, composed of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and a polyarylate of bisphenol A, and isophthalic/terephthalic acids have been studied. Both their phase behavior and their mechanical properties after this blending method have been determined. After injection molding, the poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyarylate blends show a single glass transition by differential scanning calorimetry, although the transition peaks of the blends widen when observed by dynamic mechanical analysis. The calorimetric results show a hindered crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate), due to the presence of polyarylate and the occurrence of interchange reactions. The mechanical behavior observed shows an improvement in the small-strain properties of the blends with respect to those of the pure components. The break and impact properties of the blends show negative deviations with respect to linearity. These deviations are less important when high polyarylate content exists in the blends.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 27 (1992), S. 645-647 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 3937-3949 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metathesis ring opening polymerization has been used to copolymerize norbornene and 7,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)tricyclo[4,2,2,02,5]deca-3,7,9-triene. Subsequent thermal elimination of the precursor copolymers yielded acetylene-norbornene copolymers. The undoped copolymers were found to have electrical conductivity, spin concentration, and EPR linewidths which vary with composition. The location of the trans-C—H out-of-plane vibration, however, was invariant at 1010cm-1 indicating that conjugation length of n 〉 4 are present even at 40% acetylene content in the copolymer. The copolymers containing 79 mol % of acetylene units attained a doped conductivity of 0.02 S/cm with a dopant concentration of 6 mol % of I3- per sp2 carbon.
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