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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (51,127)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Points to be considered in thermogravimetry (1993)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei der Thermogravimetrie zu berücksichtigende HinweiseKontinuierliche Thermogravimetrie ist eine verbreitete Methode, um Werkstoffe in korrosiven Gasen bei hohen Temperaturen zu prüfen und um Kinetik und Mechanismen der Hochtemperaturkorrosion aufzuklären. Hier werden Empfehlungen zur Durchführung thermogravimetrischer Tests zusammengestellt, Hinweise gegeben betreffend Probengröße und -form, Oberflächenpräparation, Reaktionsrohr, Start des Experiments, besonders empfindliche Messungen und Gasströmung und -regelung. Die Veröffentlichung ist als Grundlage und Startpunkt für zu entwickelnde Richtlinien für die Hochtemperaturkorrosionsforschung gedacht.
    Notes: Continuous thermogravimetry is a common method to test materials in gaseous corrosive environments at high temperatures and to elucidate kinetics and mechanisms of high temperature corrosion. Recommendations how to conduct thermogravimetric tests are collected here, points to be considered including sample size and form, surface preparation, reaction chamber, starting procedure, sensitive measurements, gas supply and dosing. This study is meant as a starting foundation for establishing guidelines in high temperature corrosion research.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19930440805
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1175-1186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic structure of a clean copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene is investigated by measuring the ESCA spectra of the core and valence levels. The chemical composition and alternating (〉95%) structure of the copolymer, characterized separately by classical methods, is verified by analyzing the C 1s core-level spectrum. The comparison of the experimental valence band with an original EHCO band-structure calculation, and with similar data for a model of polymer with block structure, shows that the combined methods allow us to distinguish between the two compounds through their valence-band spectra.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170421
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An XPS valence band study of alkane chains secondary structure (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 507-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Valence XPS studies of well oriented polyethylene mats, deposited on a gold substrate, provide direct evidence of the existence of the fold structure at the sample surface and confirm earlier suggestions that conformation is directly fingerprinted in that energy region of the spectra. These results also provide new insight into the origin of the valence XPS spectra differences, so far unexplained, of n-tridecane recorded in gas and solid phase.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7402201107
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homogeneous and Supported Copper Complexes of Cyclic and Open-Chain Polynitrogenated Ligands as Catalysts of Cyclopropanation Reactions (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 2347-2354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Cyclopropanation ; Copper ; N ligands ; Macrocycles ; Supported catalysts ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: CuI and CuII complexes of cyclic and open-chain polyaza compounds have been tested as catalysts in the benchmark cyclopropanation reaction of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate. In general, only small amounts of copper are needed to promote the reaction. The catalytic activity depends on the structure of the ligand, e.g. amine-amides are more efficient than polyamines, and on the oxidation state of copper, CuII being more active than CuI. Given that CuI is the active species, these changes of behavior must be related to the stabilities of the complexes. The nature of the counterion also has a noticeable influence on the catalytic activity, the role of which is discussed. XAS measurements suggest the formation of oligomeric species. Some of the chiral ligands lead to small enantiomeric excesses. Open-chain ligands can easily be supported on organic polymers and their complexes can be used as catalysts. Furthermore, cyclic and acyclic complexes can be supported on clays by cation exchange and the solids obtained tend to promote the reaction with a decrease in the trans/cis ratio.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380421
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photo- and electroluminescence efficiency in soluble poly(dialky1-p-phenylenevinylene)We are grateful to A. R. Brown, D. M. de Leeuw, and L. Molenkamp for valuable comments. E. Vossen and H. Zegers supplied and patterned the ITO substrates. This work was financed in part by the EEC under BRITEEURAM BRE2-CT93-0592 and ESPRIT Project 8013. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 934-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19940061206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage batch process for the production of ajmalicine by Catharanthus roseus: The link between growth and production stage (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: ajmalicine ; Catharanthus roseus ; alkaloid formation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The link between the growth stage and the production stage in a two-stage batch process was investigated using (filtered) inocula from different periods of the stationary phase of the growth cycle. In the production stage, ajmalicine production by Catharanthus roseus in a 3-L stirred tank reactor was induced with a high glucose concentration (80 g/L). Ajmalicine production in cultures started with cells from the late stationary phase was five times higher than in cultures started with cells from the early stationary phase. After transfer to the production stage, cells from the early stationary phase showed a transient increase in respiration and enzyme induction, followed by culture browning. In contrast, cells in the late stationary phase showed a typical induction pattern: constant respiration, and permanent enzyme induction. A striking similarity between the geraniol-10-hydroxylase (G10H) activity and the ajmalicine accumulation profile could be observed in all cultures, suggesting that G 10H regulated ajmalicine production in this investigation. The intracellular nitrate concentration was significantly higher in the inoculum showing a high ajmalicine production than in the inoculum with a low production. Consequently, nitrate may act as a marker for the start of the production stage: as soon as the nitrate is depleted in the growth medium secondary metabolism can be induced. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple dissolution-reaction model for enzymatic conversion of suspension of solid substrate (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 56 (1997), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: simple dissolution-reaction model ; enzymatic conversion ; solid substrate suspension ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Although reactions in substrate suspension are employed in industry for several bioconversion processes, there appears to be no quantitative model available in the literature to rationalize the optimization of these processes. We present a simple model that incorporates the kinetics of substrate dissolution and a simultaneous enzymatic reaction. The model was tested in the α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of an aqueous suspension of dimethyl benzylmethylmalonate to a homogeneous solution of enantiomerically pure monoester. This reaction occurs in the bulk phase, so catalysis by enzyme absorbed at the solid-liquid interface plays no role. The value of the parameters in the model (i.e., the mass transfer coefficient of substrate dissolution (kL), the substrate solubility, and the rate constant for the enzymatic reaction) were determined in separate experiments. Using these parameter values, the model gave a good quantitative prediction of the rate of the overall dissolution-reaction process. When the particle size distribution is known, kL may also be calculated instead. The model seems to be applicable also for other poorly soluble substrates, other enzymes, and other solvents. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 433-440, 1997.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between dissolved oxygen concentration and ajmalicine production rate in high-density cultures of Catharanthus roseus (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 435-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Catharanthus roseus ; ajmalicine production rate ; dissolved oxygen concentration ; kinetic model ; high-density culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The relation between dissolved oxygen (DO) and the ajmalicine production rate of Catharanthus roseus was investigated in 15-L tank reactors at constant stirrer speed and gas flow rate. Below a DO concentration of 29% of air saturation the ajmalicine production rate was less than 0.06 μmol/g/d. Above a DO of 43% the ajmalicine production rate was constant at 0.21 μmol/g/d. Between a DO of 29% and 43% there was a strong relation between the ajmalicine production rate and the DO concentration. After a period of at least 12 days at DO ≤29% the culture lacked the ability to adapt to a DO ≥57%. A kinetic equation is proposed for the relation between DO and the specific ajmalicine production rate. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass balancing in kinetic resolution: Calculating yield and enantiomeric excess using chiral balance (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 536-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: chiral balance ; enantiomeric excess ; kinetic resolution ; diastereomers ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When kinetic resolution is applied for the production of enantiomerically pure compounds, process options may be used which involve more than one chiral substrate and one chiral product, such as sequential or parallel enzymatic kinetic resolutions or hydrolysis of diastereomers. Although the relation between the yields (y) of the chiral compounds is straightforward in these cases, the relation between their enantiomeric excess (ee) values is not. Combining mass balances into a so-called chiral balance (Σ y · eeR = 0) provides the relation between enantiomeric excess values in a useful manner. This chiral balance easily shows which nonmeasured enantiomeric excess values and yields can be calculated from measured values. The chiral balance is only valid when configurations at chiral centers are conserved. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450611
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