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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzimidazole, Benzothiazole and Benzoxazole Ruthenium(II) Complexes; Catalytic Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethylfuran (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 29-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Arene complexes ; Ruthenium ; Benzimidazole ; Benzothiazole ; Benzoxazole ; Cycloisomerisation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fourteen ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [RuCl2(η6-arene)L], (arene = 1,4-MeC6H4Pri or C6Me6; L = benzimidazole derivative in which the NH group is substituted by N-alkyl or isoelectronic O or S atoms) have been prepared by cleavage of [RuCl2(η6-arene)]2 with the N-heterocycle L. Their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are described. The effect of the nature of the benzazole (L) on the catalytic activity of these complexes for the intramolecular cyclization of (Z)-3-methylpent-2-en-4-yn-1-ol into 2,3-dimethylfuran has also been studied; the benzimidazole complexes were found to be the most active.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial laminar flow in an eccentric annulus: An approximate solution (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 877-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300540
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power characteristics and cavity formation in aerated agitations (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 487-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300321
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of geometric inversion to the eccentric annulus system (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 1903-1907 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690331119
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous and anodic oxidation of Tantalum and Zirconium in phosphate solutions (1972)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 23 (1972), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Spontane anodische Oxidation von Tantal und Zirconium in Phosphat lösungenDie spontane anodische Oxidation von Ta und Zr wurde in 0,1 m Lösungen von Phosphorsäure, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4 und Na3PO4 untersucht. Unterhalb 10 μA/cm2 folgt die Geschwindigkeit der spontanen Oxidation in Abhängigkeit vom Potential einer Tafel-Beziehung. Die Ergebnisse deuten an, daß die anodische Teilreaktion der Filmbildung durch die kathodische Reduktion von gelöstem Sauerstoff kompensiert wird. Die Kinetik der anodischen Oxidation wird mit Hilfe der Annahme erörtert, daß ein einphasiger Oxidfilm vorliegt, der durch Phosphatanionen kontaminiert wird. Für das Oxidwachstum gilt das Modell der Ionenleitung im starken elektrischen Feld sogar unterhalb des Potentials der Sauerstoffentwicklung. Die einfache Exponentialbeziehung von Güntherschulze und Betz ist gültig. Diese Annahme wird gestützt durch die Linearität zwischen (1) der reziproken Kapazität und dem Logarithmus der Stromdichte sowie (2) dem Potential und dem Logarithmus des Stromes bei der Oxidbildung bei konstanter Ladung. Näherungsrechnungen der effektiven Aktivierungsentfernung zeigen, daß unabhängig vom PH in den vier äquimolaren Lösungen die Kontamination durch Anionen die gleiche ist.
    Notes: Spontaneous and anodic oxidation of Ta and Zr have been studied in 0.1 M solutions of H3PO4, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4 and Na3PO4. Below 10 A/cm2 the dependence of the spontaneous-oxidation rate on potential follows a Tafel relation. Te results indicate that the partial anodic reaction of film formation is balanced by the cathodic reduction of dissolved oxygen. The kinetics of anodic oxidation are discussed on the basis of a one phase oxide file liable to contamination by phosphate anions. Oxide growth follows the high field ionic conduction even below the oxygen evolution potential. The simple exponential relation of Güntherschulze and Betz is valid. This is supported by the linearity obtained between (1) reciprocal capacity and the logarithm of current density i and (2) the potential E and log i for oxide formation at constant charge. Approximate calculations of the effective activation distance show that the degree of contamination by anions is the same in the four equimolar solutions indepent of PH.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19720230303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Reaction of α-Chlorobenzylic Cations with Isocyanates (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 334 (1992), S. 661-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isocyanates react as N-nucleophiles with α-chlorobenzylic cations (2) to give 1-oxoisoindolium salts (5). From the reaction of benzotrichlorides with SbCl5 and isocyanates the extremely reactive hexachloroantimonates 5 with R2 = Cl are isolated. Hydrolysis of these cyclic N-acyl iminium salts affords phthalimides 6. Reaction of 5 k with dimethylcyanamide gives the 2-azoniaallene salt 13. p-Tolyl isocyanate is Friedel-Crafts alkylated by p-chlorobenzotrichloride (1i) in the presence of SbCl5 to furnish the 1,3-oxadiazinium salt 7, which is hydrolyzed to give the benzophenone 9. With ethanol the acetals 10 and 11 are formed from 7.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19923340804
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some reactions of 1,3-Dichloro-2-azoniaallene Salts with heteronucleophiles (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 274-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,3-Dichloro-2-azoniaallene hexachloroantimonates (1) reacted with H2S to give 1,2,4-dithiazolium salts 2. With hydrazines 1,2,4-triazolium salts (3, 4) were formed. 1,3-Dimethylurea, respectively 1,3-dimethylthiourea or ethyl allophanate, reacted with 1 to afford 2-oxo- or 2-thioxo-1,3,5-triazinium salts (5-7). With diphenylmethaneimines imino substituted 2-azoniaallene salts 8 were produced. From chloroacetonitrile dichloropyrimidines 9, and from the tricyanomethyl anion a hexatriene 10 and a triazine 11 could be prepared. The 1,5-dichloro substituted 2-azoniaallene salts 12 reacted as bifunctional electrophiles with nucleophiles such as benzophenone hydrazone or anilines, to furnish 1,3,5-triazinium salts 14. Against benzohydrazide the allene 12j behaved as trivalent electrophile giving the bicyclic 1,3,5-oxadiazinium salt 13j, the constitution of which has been secured by a crystal structural analysis. The vinyl-2-azoniaallene salt 1i cyclized on heating to the 1,3-thiazinium salts 16, 17. From 17 the triazinium salts 18 were prepared with alcohols.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19953370158
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the anodic oxidation of titanium below the oxygen evolution potential (1972)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 23 (1972), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Temperaturabhängigkeit der anodischen Oxidation von Titan unterhalb des Potentials der SauerstoffentwicklungDas Wachstum von dünnen anodischen Oxidfilmen auf Ti im Temperaturbereich zwischen 20 und 70 °C läßt sich rein coulometrisch erfassen. In verdünnten, belüfteten Boratlösungen nimmt dabei das Potential mit zunehmender Zeit linear zu; die Steigung der Kurven nimmt dabei mit zunehmender Stromstärke zu; nach 10 bis 20 min zeigen alle Kurven eine Abflachung. Mit der Änderung der Temperatur ändert sich der Kurvencharakter nur unwesentlich; der Übergang zum flacheren Teil erfolgt ebenfalls nach etwa 20 min, doch bei um so niedrigeren Potenitalen, je höher die Temperatur liegt. Die Werte der aus den Ergebnissen berechneten Aktivierungsenergie zeigen, daß die Schichtbildung nicht nur durch Grenzschichtreaktionen bestimmt wird, sondern daß dabei auch rämliche Einflüsse eine Rolle spielen.
    Notes: The growth of thin anodic oxide films on Ti in the temperature range between 20 and 70° C can be expressed in purely coulometric terms. In diluted and aerated borate solutions the potential increases linearly with time; the slope of the curves increases with increasing current intensity; after 10 to 20 min all the curves show a transition to a flattened shape. Temperature changes have but an insignificant influence on the general character of the curves; the transition to the flatter portion occurs after about 20 min, too, but potentials are the lower, the higher the temperature. The values of the activation energy calculated from the results show, that the layer formation is not only controlled by the bound are face reactions, but also by certain factors coming from the bulk of the solution.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19720230107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation and recovery of glutamic acid from palm waste hydrolysate by Ion-exchange resin column (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 551-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: enzymatic hydrolysis ; glutamic acid fermentation ; ion-exchange resin column ; product recovery ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Glutamic acid produced from palm waste hydrolysate by fermentation with Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 is produced with a remarkably high yield compared with that produced from pure glucose as a carbon source. The produce yield is 70 g/L with glucose, wherease, when palm waste hydrolysate is the fermentation medium in the same bioreactor under same conditions, it is 88 g/L. The higher yield may be attributed to the fact that this organism has the ability to convert sugars other than only glucose present in the hydrolysate. Bioreactor conditions most conducive for maximum production are pH 7.5, temperature of 30°rmentation period of 48 h, inoculum size 6%, substrate concentration of 10 g per 100 mL, yeast extract 0.5 g per 100 mL as a suitable N source, and biotin at a concentration of 10 pg/L. Palm waste hydrolysate used in this study was prepared by enzymic saccharification of treated palm press fiber under conditions that yielded a maximum of 30 g/L total reducing sugars. Glutamic acid from fermentation broth was recovered by using a chromatographic column (5cm × 60 cm) packed with a strong ion-exchange resin. The filtered broth containing glutamic acid and other inorganic ions was fed to the fully charged column. The broth was continuously recycled at a flow rate of 50 mL/min (retention time of 55 min) until glutamic acid was fully adsorbed on the column leaving other ions in the effluent. Recovery was done by eluting with urea and sodium hydroxide for total displacement of glutamic acid from the resin. The eluent containing 88 g/L of glutamic acid was concentrated by evaporation to obtain solid crystals of the product. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260480519
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eigenscbaften der Polyester aus aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren und 2,2-Bis- (3,5-dichlor-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanEin Teil der Arbeit wurde auf dem IUPAC-Symposium vom 31. 8. bis 4. 9. 1970 in Leiden/Holland Vorgetragen. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 15 (1971), S. 157-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The mechanical, electrical and other properties of polyaryI esters derived from 2.2-bis-(3.5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane and tere-/isophthalic acid (1:1) as well as the properties of copolyesters derived from 2.2-bis-(3.5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane and mixtures of different aromatic dicarbonic acids and of copolyesters from aromatic dicarbonic acids and mixtures of different bisphenoles were examined.
    Notes: Die mechanischen, elektrischen und andere Eigenschaften von Polyarylestern aus 2,2-Bis-(3,5-dichlor-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan und Tere-/Isophthalsäuredi-chlorid (1:1) sowie von Mischpolyestern aus 2,2-Bis-(3,5-dichlor-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan und Gemischen verschiedener aromatischer Dicarbonsäuren und von Misch-polyestern aus aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren und Gemischen verschiedener Bis-phenole wurden untersucht.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1971.050150113
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