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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 288-308 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrochemical Oxidation, VII. Synthesis and Structure of 7-tert-Butyl-2-methylbenzoxazolesAnodic oxidation of 15 tert-butylphenols 1a-o in absolute acetonitrile or acetonitrile/perchloric acid leads to the corresponding 7-tert-butyl-2-methylbenzoxazoles 3a-o. The proof of the structure was achieved by independent synthesis of 3k, and by 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by X-ray analysis of 7-tert-butyl-2-methyl-5-benzoxazolecarbaldehyde (3i). The influence of the supporting electrolyte on the formation of the oxidation products in discussed.
    Notes: Die anodische Oxidation von 15 tert-butyl-substituierten Phenolen 1a-o in wasserfreiem Acetonitril oder in Acetonitril/Perchlorsäure führt zu den entsprechenden 7-tert-Butyl-2-methylbenzoxazolen 3a-o. Der Strukturbeweis wurde durch unabhängige Synthese von 3k und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie sowie durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 7-tert-Butyl-2-methyl-5-benzoxazolcarbaldehyd (3i) geführt. Der Einfluß des Elektrolytsystems auf die Produktbildung wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 2261-2274 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal Complexes with Tetrapyrrole Ligands, XXXIV. Reactions of Nitridochromium(V)- and Nitridomanganese(V)-Porphyrins with Triphenylphosphane and TrimethylphosphiteNitridochromium(V) and nitridomanganese(V) complexes of 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-tolylporphyrin (2 Ad and 2 Bd) form adducts containing a phosphorus-nitrogen-metal bond on heating with triphenylphosphane or trimethyl phosphite, i.e. (porphyrinato)metal triphenylphosphane imides 2 Ae and 2 Be, and after a migration of a methyl group, (porphyrinato)metal (methylamido)dimethoxophosphates 2 Ag und 2 Bg. Their constitution is proved by hydrolysis or benzoylating fission, by IR, NMR, electronic absorption, and mass spectra and by a comparison with (porphyrinato)chromium(III) and -manganese(III) complexes of trimethyl phosphite (2 Ai, 2 Bi), triphenylphosphane (2 Bj), and triphenylphosphane oxide (2 Ak).
    Notes: Nitridochrom(V)- und Nitridomangan(V)-Komplexe des 5,10,15,20-Tetra-p-tolylporphyrins (2 Ad und 2 Bd) bilden beim Erhitzen mit Triphenylphosphan oder Trimethylphosphit Addukte mit Phosphor-Stickstoff-Metallbindung, und zwar (Porphyrinato)metall-triphenylphosphanimide 2 Ae und 2 Be sowie nach Wanderung einer Methylgruppe (Porphyrinato)metall-(methylamido)dimethoxophosphate 2 Ag und 2 Bg. Die Konstitution der Produkte wird durch Hydrolyse oder benzoylierende Spaltung, durch IR-, NMR-, Elektronenanregungs- und Massenspektren sowie durch Vergleich mit (Porphyrinato)chrom(III)- und -mangan(III)-Komplexen des Trimethylphosphits (2 Ai, 2 Bi), Triphenylphosphans (2 Bj) resp. Triphenylphosphanoxids (2 Ak) belegt.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 162 (1995), S. 147-153 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis are thought to contribute to cell dysfunction in oxidative stress. The hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system (X-XO) mobilizes Ca2+ from intracellular stores and induces a marked rise in cytosolic calcium in different cell types. To identify the reactive O2 species involved in the disruption of calcium homeostasis by X-XO, we studied the effect of X-XO on [Ca2+]i by spectrofluorimetry with fura-2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The [Ca2+]i response to X-XO was essentially diminished by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (200 U/ml), which scavenge the superoxide anion, O2-, or H2O2, respectively. The [Ca2+]i increase stimulated by 10 nmol H2O2/ml/min, generated from the glucose-glucose oxidase system, or 10 μM H2O2, given as bolus, was about a third of that induced by X-XO (10 nmol O2-/ml/min) but was comparable to that induced by X-XO in the presence of SOD. The X-XO - stimulated [Ca2+]i increase was significantly reduced by 100 μM o-phenanthroline, which inhibits the iron-catalysed formation of the hydroxyl radical. On the other hand, the [Ca2+]i response to low dose X-XO (1 nmol O2-/ml/min) was markedly enhanced in the presence of 1 μM H2O2, which itself had no effect on [Ca2+]i. More than 50% of this synergistic effect was prevented by o-phenanthroline. These results indicate that the effect of X-XO on calcium homeostasis appears to result from an interaction of O2- and H2O2, which could be explained by the formation of the hydroxyl radical. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Human umbilical vein endothelial cells ; Xanthine oxidase ; Glucose regulated protein ; Heat shock protein ; Stress protein expression ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Endothelial cell dysfunction is a key factor in oxidative stress-related pathology. Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis is thought to be responsible for much of the endothelial cell dysfunction in oxidative stress. The expression of molecular chaperones (MC), which stabilize protein structures in normal and in stress conditions, reflects the Ca2+ -dependent and -independent stress effects in the different cell compartments. By two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, combined with immunoblotting or microsequencing, we have identified 12 major MC in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC): (i) the endoplasmic reticulum-located MC GRP78, GRP94, protein disulfide isomerase, and calreticulin; (ii) the mitochondrial MC HSP65 and GRP75; and (iii) the cytosolic/nuclear MC HSP27, HSC70, HSP70, HSP90, cyclophilin, and ubiquitin. To differentiate oxidative stress- and Ca2+ -mediated effects, HUVEC were exposed to 1) xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine to generate oxidative stress, 2) ionomycin plus ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to deplete intracellular Ca2+ stores, or 3) thrombin to increase cytosolic Ca2+. De novo protein synthesis after exposure was quantified by the incorporation of [35S]methionine. Image processing with the MELANIE system was used to create and compare the 2-D maps of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins under conditions 1)-3) with those of the controls. In a total of 24 2-D gels, 9 different MC were detected in at least 5 out 6 experimental replicates and were subjected to numeric analysis. The statistics showed a 〉 10% increase in GRP78 (p 〈 0.05), HSP27, cyclophilin, and ubiquitin after oxidative stress. Ionomycin plus EGTA influenced the expression of GRP78 (p 〈 0.01), cyclophilin, and ubiquitin in the same direction, but in addition increased GRP94 (p 〈 0.01) and calreticulin. Thrombin upregulated calreticulin (p 〈 0.05), HSC70, and cyclophilin. In conclusion, the computer analysis of MC expression on 2-D maps under different stress conditions reveals a differential correlation between the oxidative stress and the depletion of Ca2+ stores in HUVEC.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metal Complexes with Tetrapyrrole Ligands, XLVIII1). - Vilsmeier Formylation of Metal Porphyrins of CoII, NiII, PdII, PtII, CuII, ZnII, CoIII, CrIII, MnIII, FeIII, AlIII, SiIV, and PtIV and its Dependence upon the Central MetalVilsmeier formylation of the tetra-p-tolylporphyrin complexes M(TTP), M(TTP)LL′, and M(TTP)L [M = Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu (2B-2F); MLL′ = CoCl(Py) (2Ba); ML = CrCl (2Hb), MnOMe (2Ic), FeCl (2Kb), AlOH (2Ld)] yields the 2-formyl derivatives 5B-5F, 5Bh, 5Hh, 5Ii, 5Kb, and 5Lg. The rate of formylation normally decreases with decreasing oxidation number of the central metal in the series MII 〉 MIII 〉 MIV, because the negative net charge of the porphyrin ligand decreases accordingly, and likewise in the series NiII 〉 CuII 〉 PdII 〉 PtII, as the polarity of the M—N bond is diminished. Surprisingly, the most rapid formylation is observed with the porphyrin complexes of AlIII, CoIII, and CrIII. This is explained with the formation of anionic porphyrin complexes in the presence of the Vilsmeier reagent. The metal free porphyrins H2(TTP-CHO) (5A) and the cyano derivative H2(TTP-CN) (9A) are obtained by demetalation of the corresponding iron complexes 2Kb and 9Kb, respectively.
    Notes: Die Vilsmeier-Formylierung der Tetra-p-tolylporphyrin-Komplexe M(TTP), M(TTP)LL′ und M(TTP)L [M = Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu (2B-2F); MLL′ = CoCl(Py) (2Ba); ML = CrCl (2Hb), MnOMe (2Ic), FeCl (2Kb), AlOH (2Ld)] liefert die 2-Formylderivate 5B-5F, 5Bh, 5Hh, 5Ii, 5Kb und 5Lg. Die Geschwindigkeit der Formylierung sinkt normalerweise mit der Oxidationszahl des Zentralmetall-Ions in der Reihe MII 〉 MIII 〉 MIV, da in gleicher Weise die negative Netto-Ladung des Porphyrin-Liganden fällt, und ebenso in der Serie NiII 〉 CuII 〉 PdII 〉 PtII, da die Polarität der M - N-Bindung entsprechend sinkt. Am schnellsten werden unerwartet die Porphyrin-Komplexe von AlIII, CoIII und CrIII formyliert. Dies wird auf die Bildung anionoider Porphyrin-Komplexe in Gegenwart des Vilsmeier-Reagens zurückgeführt. Metallfreie Porphyrine, wie H2(TTP-CHO) (5A) und das Cyano-Derivat H2(TTP-CN) (9A), sind durch Entmetallierung der jeweiligen Eisen-Komplexe 2Kb bzw. 9Kb zugänglich.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 154 (1870), S. 93-130 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 154 (1870), S. 171-176 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 517 (1935), S. 73-104 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 27 Tab.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 15N-CIDNP. spectra recorded during the reaction of diazonium cations with OH- in weakly alkaline aqueous solutions show that the dediazoniation is at least partially homolytic. The polarizations observed for the diazonium and trans-diazotate ions can be explained by reaction proceeding via a cage involving diazenyl and diazotate radicals using Kaptein's rules and simple intensity considerations.
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