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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 43 (1992), S. 483-491 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion and wear behaviour of materials for chemical engineeringIt has been estimated that 7.4 percent of all corrosion related failures are mechanically assisted (i.e. involve wear), and that such failure consume, or render useless, 37 million pounds of highly alloyed materials per year. Despite this, relatively little is known of the basic wear behaviour of alloys commonly used in the chemical processing industries, and little attention has been paid to the design of alloys for conditions involving simultaneous corrosion and wear.The objectives of this paper are three-fold. First, the various types of wear are described, and the alloy characteristics required to combat each of these types are discussed. Second, new wear data are presented for several alloys commonly used in the chemical processing industries. Third, a comparison is drawn between these well established materials and a newly introduced cobalt-based alloy designed specifically for corrosion/wear service.The conclusions of the paper are that hardness is a poor indicator of performance for most of wear, that the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys are considerably more resistant to cavitation erosion and galling than the austenitic and duplex stainless steels, and that the cobald-based alloy possesses exceptional resistance to slurry erosion, cavitation erosion, and galling.
    Notes: Aufgrund von Schadensstatistiken sind etwa 7,4% aller korrosionsbedingten Schadensfälle auf die Mitwirkung mechanischer Faktoren, z.B. Verschleiß, zurückzuführen, und derartige Schäden vernichten z.B. in den USA jährlich Werte entsprechend 16 800 t hochlegierter Werkstoffe.Trotzdem ist über der Verschleißverhalten der in großen Mengen in der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik eingesetzten Werkstoffe verhältnismäßig wenig Grundsätzliches bekannt; gleichermaßen hat man der Entwicklung neuer, sowohl korrosions- als auch verschleißbeständiger Werkstoff bisher kaum Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt (eine Ausnahme ist die Rauchgasentschwefelung).Die vorliegende Arbeit hat drei Ziele: zunächst sollen die verschiedenen Verschleißarten beschrieben und die Eigenschaften erörtert werden, die einen Werkstoff gegen bestimmte Verschleißarten beständig machen. Danach werden für einige Werkstoffe der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik neue Verschleißdaten aufgeführt. Schließlich werden diese gängigen Werkstoffe mit einer neuen Kobaltbasislegierung verglichen, die gezielt für den Einsatz unter kombinierter Korrosions- und Verschleißbeanspruchung entwickelt worden ist. Die aus den vorgelegten Daten zu ziehenden Schlußfolgerungen zeigen,- daß die Härte ein den meisten Verschleißarten wenig geeignetes Kriterium für den Verschleißwiderstand ist,- daß Nickel-Chrom-Molybdän-Legierungen gegen Kavitationserosion und Haftverschleiß wesentlich beständiger als austenitische Stähle und Duplexstähle sind und- daß eine neue Kobaltlegierung gegen Erosion durch Suspensionen, gegen Kavitationserosion und gegen Gleitverschleiß hervorragend beständig ist.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 153 (1992), S. 214-220 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mechanism by which 86Rb+ (used as a tracer for K+) enters human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells were investigated. Ouabain-inhibitable bumetanide-insensitive 86Rb+ transport accounted for ∼70-80% of total, whereas bumetanide-inhibitable ouabain-insensitive uptake accounted for 15-25% of total. K+ channel blockers such as BaCl2 reduced uptake by ∼5%. Bumetanide inhibited 86Rb+ uptake with an IC50 of 0.5 μM, while furosemide inhibited with an IC50 of about 20 μM. Bumetanide-inhibitable 86Rb+ uptake was reduced in Na+-free or Cl--free media, suggesting that Na+ and Cl- were required for optimal uptake via this mechanism. These characteristics are consistent with a Na+, K+, Cl- contransporter in NPE cells. Treatment of NPE cells for 15 min with phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C, caused a 50-70% decrease in 86Rb+ uptake via the Na+, K+, Cl- cotransporter. Other 86Rb+ uptake mechanisms were not affected. 86Rb+ uptake via the Na+, K+, Cl- contransporter could be inhibited by other phorbol esters and by dioctanoylglycerol, an analog of diacylglycerol, but not by 4α phorbol didecanoate, an ineffective activator of protein kinase C. Staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, blocked phorbol ester inhibition of 86Rb+ uptake. These data suggest that a Na+, K+, Cl- cotransporter in NPE cells is inhibited by activation of protein kinase C. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 1 (1983), S. 2-2 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 1 (1983), S. 125-128 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 3 (1985), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 1 (1995), S. 51-54 
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of melt blending core-shell impact modifiers (EXL-3330, acrylic, and EXL-3647 MBS) and flame retardants (polypentabromobenzyl acrylate - FR-1025 and 40-60,000 molecular weight brominated epoxy resin - F-2400) on the physical properties of PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) was determined using antimony oxide as a flame retardant synergist and Teflon 60 as an anti-drip agent. The major objectives of the study were to develop formulations having maximum impact strength while maintaining a V-0 UL-94 flammability rating. Excellent impact strength and flammability performance were achieved in the modified FR-PBT systems at 20% impact modifier concentration, 13.5% and 12% F-2400 and FR-1025 concentrations, respectively, a 3/1 FR/AO ratio and 1% Teflon 60 concentration.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 7 (1989), S. 77-77 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 5 (1963), S. 221-230 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A process has been developed giving over-all yields of about 50%: which could be increased to about 80% with higher material costs and processing time. The preferred method of recovering nucleotides from the cytoplasm has been thermal extraction by means of a heat exchanger followed by filtration, protein precipitation, and carbon adsorption. The concentrated eluate from the carbon is absorbed onto Dowex 1 ion-exchange resin, and groups of nucleotides are removed by pH-defined eluents and recovered by a second carbon adsorption. Finally, standard ion-exchange resolutions have been used to recover individual nucleotides. Other biochemicals in the extract have been investigated, and preliminary work has been done on the combination of nucleotide extraction with the recovery of nucleic acids from the residual cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2211-2218 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Suspension and bulk-polymerized commercial polystyrenes have been fractured by cleavage and the resulting surfaces examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The method of styrene polymerization was found to influence the initiation and propagation of fracture, probably owing to the differing amounts of insoluble impurities remaining in the polymer. Various new aspects of the fracture morphology are described, and measurements of craze thickness by scanning electron microscopy are compared with values calculated from optical interference fringes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 245-255 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrene test pieces broken by flexure in the presence of n-propanol and other alcohols have been examined by scanning electron microscopy. Two regions on the fracture surface are observed; a narrow band near to the tension surface corresponds to fracture through a solvent craze, but the remainder of the surface is identical to fracture surfaces produced in air. The solvent-crazed region has a cellular structure decreasing in scale toward the tip of the craze. An explanation of these features is offered in terms of the changing conditions of stress and solvent content ahead of the growing craze.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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