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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Verbesserung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit, der mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Schweißbarkeit von austenitisch-ferritischen StählenKorrosionsverhalten, Festigkeit und Schweißbarkeit von nichtrostenden Stählen mit Duplex-Gefüge können durch entsprechende Zusammensetzung und Einstellung des Austenit: Ferrit-Verhältnisses im Grundwerkstoff und im Schweißgut verbessert werden. Zusatz von Stickstoff verbessert die Duktilität und die Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit; diese wird ebenfalls verbessert durch erhöhte Chromgehalte, welche die Passivierungsschicht stabilisieren. Diese Wirkung wird noch verstärkt durch Zusatz von Molybdän, das jedoch bestimmte Grenzen nicht überschreiten darf, da sonst die Gefahr der Sigma-Phasen-Sprödigkeit bei höheren Temperaturen besteht. Auch Kupfer in Mengen bis 1,5% verbessert die Korrosionsbeständigkeit besonders in Meerwasser, doch sollte wegen der abträglichen Wirkung auf die Warmzähigkeit ein bestimmter Gehalt nicht überschritten werden. Wegen der wichtigen Rolle von Nickel für das Austenit:Ferrit-Verhältnis (vorzugsweise 50:50) muß der Nickelgehalt entsprechend gewählt werden und sollte im Schweißgut etwas erhöht werden.
    Notes: The corrosion behaviour, toughness and weldability of duplex stainless steel can be improved by controlling the composition and austenite: ferrite ratio in the base metal and in the weld deposits. Addition of nitrogen is beneficial to ductility and restistance to pitting corrosion; the latter is also improved by increased chromium contents which stabilize the passive film. This effect is further enhanced by the addition of molybdenum which, however, should not exceed sigma phase at high temperatures. Copper in amounts up to 1.5% improves the resistance to marine environments; however, a certain upper limit should not be exceeded because of adverse effects on hot ductility. In view of the function of nickel concerning the austenite: ferrite ratio (which should be about 50:50) the nickel content should be appropriately selected and should be higher in the filter metal.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 1101-1110 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The biosynthetic and migratory response of bone cells to changes in both surface composition and morphology of polystyrene (PS) substrates was examined. A system was devised wherein micromachined silicon wafers were used as templates to solvent-cast PS replicas [using 0, 1, or 2 wt % styrene (S) monomer additions] with either 0.5- or 5.0- μm-deep surface grooves. Smooth replicas (0% S) served as the control surfaces. The chemical and morphologic characteristics of the nine unique model biomaterial surfaces (MBSs) produced using this system were documented and were found to be distinct. For the biosynthetic studies, bone cells isolated from neonatal rat calvaria were plated onto the MBSs and labeled at postconfluence with [14C]proline for 24 h. Total DNA per surface, total newly synthesized collagenous (CP), and noncollagenous protein (NCP) (cell associated and secreted) were determined. Cell-associated CP was found to increase significantly for the bone cells cultured on the substrates with 0.5-μm grooves and 2% S (P 〈 .05). Cell-associated NCP was found to be elevated for all 2% S substrates and for the 0.5-μm grooves substrates with 1% S. For the migration studies, bone cells were plated first onto 5-mm nitrocellulose disks that were attached to standard Petri dishes using a plasma clot. At confluence, the disks were removed aseptically and placed on the replicas. The cellular area occupied as a result of the outward migration of the bone cells was measured after 4 days of culture using an image analysis system. An average velocity for the leading edge of bone cell populations on each of the nine MBSs was calculated: Cells on surfaces with either 1% S or 5.0-μm grooves displayed significantly higher velocities than did the control cultures. A significant interaction effect between chemistry and morphology was observed. The biosynthetic and migratory responses of in vitro cultures of bone cells were not predictable from the observations of the cellular responses to the individual features, but appeared to depend on cellular responses to more than one substrate factor. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 21 (1987), S. 1213-1230 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A pyrolytic carbon coating was applied to F-75 chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy in an effort to reduce the release of corrosion products in vivo. After intramuscular implantation in the rat, a complex pattern of serum and urine concentration elevations of chromium, cobalt, and nickel was seen. The carbon-coated implants released more chromium and cobalt than uncoated controls, as seen by significantly elevated metal concentrations in serum and urine. Animals receiving carbon-coated implants showed a high rate of recurrent implant site inflammation. Neoplastic infiltration of the implant site occurred in 3 out of 24 animals with coated implants, but not in any of the 16 animals which received either uncoated F-75 microsphere or poly(ethylene) particulate implants.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 141-156 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: To evaluate an experimental inorganicbone-particle-impregnated bone cement, canine hip prostheses were implanted in dogs using a regular bone cement on one side and the experimental bone cement on the other. In a preliminary feasibility study, bone ingrowth into the resorbed bone-particle spaces was established 3 months after implantation in three dogs. In a more detailed study, twenty-eight (28) dogs were divided in four groups to delineate the effects of time on the phenomena of bony ingrowth. One month after implantation, active bone ingrowth into the bone cement was obvious. By 3 months postimplantation, the ingrowth appeared to have traversed the thickness of the bone-particle-impregnated cement. By the fifth month, most of the interconnected inorganic bone particles were replaced by new bone. At the end of a year, the ingrown bone was mature and negligible new bone activity was present. Biomechanical pushout tests closely corroborated the histologic observations. The maximum shear strength of the cement/bone interface of the experimental side reached 3.6 times that of the control side at 5 months postimplantation. No further improvements were seen at 12 months postimplantation. A viable bone/cement interface may result in a better orthopedic implant fixation system by combining the advantages of both cement for immediate rigidity and biological ingrowth for longterm stability.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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