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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of polymer melt flow in sequential injection molding process (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 1706-1714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental studies of polymer melt flow in the filling and post-filling stages of the injection molding process were performed using the sequential injection of transparent and colored polystyrene resin. Effects of fountain flow in the filling stage, geometrical factors caused by edges and corners, as well as flow through contractions and expansions, were identified. Significant polymer melt flow which increases with increased packing pressure was observed in the post-filling process. The melt flow is more concentrated around the gate area than away from the gate. It was also found that the polymer melt flows across the gap center, resulting in partial annihilation of the weld line. Simulations based on the control-volume/finite-element method employed within each gapwise layer combined with the dual-filling-parameter technique were developed to trace the advancements in melt fronts for both skin and core materials. Numerical simulations show reasonable consistency with experimental results in both skin and core material distribution. If the edge effect is taken into account using a shape factor as a geometrical correction, the simulation accuracy is further improved.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420622
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-pressure airlift fermenter for single cell protein production: I. Design and oxygen transfer studies (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 414-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The energy consumption of a fermenter constitutes a major part of the operating expense of a single cell protein process. A low-pressure airlift fermenter was designed to reduce this cost. In this new design, the fermenter broth is kept below 120 cm in depth, and air alone is employed to fulfill the need of supplying oxygen, and cooling and agitating the broth. The use of low-pressure air from air blowers instead of air compressors lowers the capital cost of air delivery and reduces the energy consumption in the fermenter section to below 1 kWh/kg protein, a saving of over 70% as compared to a conventional stirred tank fermenter. It also eliminates the investment of mechanical agitators, heat exchangers, and air compressors. Sulfite oxidation studies confirmed the design concepts.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290403
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-pressure airlift fermenter for single cell protein production: II. Continuous culture of pichia yeast (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 29 (1987), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments using Pichia yeast grown on n-paraffins have been conducted in laboratory 10-L airlift fermenters and in a 640-L module of commercial scale. Results confirmed the design concept of combining oxygen transfer and fermenter cooling with low-pressure air. However, in the absence of mass transport constraints, the build up of toxic factors in the fermenter appeared to be a major variable limiting cell productivity. Foaming in the large fermenter also presented a serious problem, which must be solved before low-pressure airlift fermenters become practical.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260290404
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