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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 26 (1998), S. 345-364 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: liquid-particle flow ; computational efficiency ; Eulerian-Lagrangian model ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The dispersion of solid particles in a turbulent liquid flow impinging on a centrebody through an axisymmetric sudden expansion was investigated numerically using a Eulerian-Lagrangian model. Detailed experimental measurements at the inlet were used to specify the inlet conditions for two-phase flow computations. The anisotropy of liquid turbulence was accounted for using a second-moment Reynold stress transport model. A recently developed stochastic-probabilistic model was used to enhance the computational efficiency of Lagrangian trajectory computations. Numerical results of the stochastic-probabilistic model using 650 particle trajectories were compared with those of the conventional stochastic discrete-delta-function model using 18 000 particle trajectories. In addition, results of the two models were compared with experimental measurements. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 523-539 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: virtual pulse ; thermal analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recent advances and progress towards the development of an effective Virtual-Pulse (VIP) explicit time integral methodology of computation for applicability to general multidimensional non-linear transient thermal analysis of structures and materials is overviewed. The computational methodology is derived from new and different perspectives and the theoretical basis as well as the practical applicability to multidimensional thermal analysis situations are detailed. The VIP methodology inherits improved accuracy and superior stability characteristics in comparison to the traditional approaches customarily employed by thermal analysts. With the notion of providing techniques for high-speed computing environments and parallel architectures, the present approach is developed for such computations and also ideally suited for personal workstation computing environments. Results of the numerical test models for multidimensional problems validate the overall concepts for general applicability to thermal analysis situations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 405-415 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of exposure of unstabilized polypropylene-starch blends, with or without a metal catalyst (e.g., cobalt (III) acetylacetonate), autooxidant (e.g., fatty acid), and a metal containing plasticizer (e.g., aluminum stearate) to the marine environment was studied for about six weeks at two different locations in New Jersey. Starch tends to absorb water. Unstabilized polypropylene degrades significantly during processin in air, as indicated by melt index values. Thus, for blends of unstabilized polypropylene-starch (no additives), prepared under controlled conditions and exposed to plain seawater, there seems to be no microbial activity or chemical degradation, as indicated by no surface erosion and practically no change in molecular weight and tensile properties. However, for unstabilized polypropylene starch blends containing metal catalyst, auto-oxidant, or plasticizer exposed under soft mud, surface erosion due to microbial activity is evident. In addition, chemical degradation due to the presence of degradative additives has been confirmed, as observed by a decrease in molecular weight and tensile properties. Changes in thermal characteristics of these blends after exposure to the marine environment have been studied.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 1955-1977 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: structural dynamics ; finite elements ; algorithms ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An overview of new and recent advances towards a VIrtual-Pulse (VIP) time-integral methodology for general linear/non-linear dynamic systems is presented. Attention is focused on providing a brief overview and an indepth evaluation of the developments, methodology, computational issues and implementation aspects for practical problems. Different from the way we have been looking at the developments encompassing existing direct time-integration type methods and mode superposition techniques, the proposed methodology capitalizes on the computational attributes of both and thereby offers new perspectives and several attractive favourable features in terms of stability and accuracy, storage, and computational costs for a wide variety of inertial dynamic problems. Recently, the authors have shown the theoretical developments via the VIP methodology for transient structural problems and for transient thermal problems. The purpose of the present paper is to summarize the theoretical developments, improve upon the computational/implementation aspects for general linear/non-linear dynamic structural problems, and demonstrate the pros and cons via numerous illustrative test cases. The theoretical analysis and results of several test cases show that the VIP methodology has improved accuracy/stability characteristics and computational advantages in comparison to the commonly advocated explicit and implicit methods such as the Newmark family. Overall, an analysis of the theoretical developments, algorithmic study, and the implementation and evaluation of the formulations strongly suggest the proposition that the VIP methodology is a viable alternative for general structural dynamic applications encountered in practical engineering problems.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 14 (1995), S. 266-270 
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The activation energies of two wood sawdusts were determined using an experimental technique based on the crossing-point temperature concept, which was derived from the transient model of self-heating in a solid. The two samples used in this study were treated and untreated sawdust. The activation energies measured were 106 ± 4 kJ mol-1 for the treated sawdust and 90 ± 3 kJ mol-1 for the untreated sawdust. These values are similar to those in previously published results which were obtained using the steady-state model. The transient model provides a quicker yet sufficiently accurate method of determining thermal ignition kinetics.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 961-970 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: New developments of describing the theoretical basis towards an effective virtual-pulse (VIP) time integral methodology are proposed for general non-linear transient heat transfer problems. Primarily to validate the proposed methodology of computation, simple numerical test cases are provided and comparisons are also drawn with the implicit second-order-accurate Crank-Nicolson method. For the models tested, the proposed method has comparable or improved accuracy and stability characteristics. The VIP methodology introduced here for tackling non-linear thermal problems offers attractive features and is a viable alternative to traditional time-stepping practices. Efforts are underway to demonstrate the practical applicability to multi-dimensional thermal analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 637-641 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Results of measurements of the electrical conductivity of low density polyethylene/polypyrrole and polystyrene/polypyrrole composites are reported. It is observed that the electrical conductivity of the composite vs. concentration follows the power law predicted by the percolation theory. The manufacturing process influences the homogeneity of the composite at microscopic scale and thus the percolation threshold. Annealing studies show that the stability of the electrical conductivity of the composite is related to the thermal expansion of the polymers and the relaxation of the polymer chains. The decrease of the electrical conductivity of the composite is attributed to the interruption of the percolation path.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 642-647 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of synthesis conditions on the electrical conductivity and the morphology of a chemically oxidized polypyrrole was investigated. It was found that the electrical conductivity of polypyrrole was strongly dependent on the pyrrole/FeCl3 ratio, which controls the redox potential of the reaction medium. The reaction temperature and the reaction duration also influence the electrical conductivity of the polypyrrole. A considerable influence of the nature of the solvent used on the aggregation state of polypyrrole particles was demonstrated. Optimal experimental conditions are proposed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1159-1164 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of interaction between carbon black and polymer on electrical behavior was studied using the ESR method. The polymer matrices used were HDPE, LDPE, and ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA). Two kinds of carbon blacks (CB), high structure CSF-III and low structure FEF, were used as a conductive filler. Compared to that of the HDPE/FEF compound, the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) intensity is lower and electrical reproducibility is worse for the HDPE/CSF-III compound; however, it can be improved significantly by radiation cross-linking. On the other hand, the cross-linking has no practical effect on the PTC intensity of the LDPE/CSF-III compound while it can be achieved by mixing the compound for a longer time. The great PTC intensity was obtained in the HDPE/EVA/CSF-III compound, and it is greater than that of HDPE/CSF-III or EVA/CSF-III. We explain these results using the concept of interaction between the filler and matrix. The absorption of the polymer on the carbon black surface may be physical or chemical; the latter is caused by the free-radical reaction between the polymer and carbon black, and it can occur during the radiation or preparation process of the compound. These “bound polymers” are essentially important for materials to have a great PTC intensity and good reproducibility. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 1167-1172 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: gel electrophoresis ; DNA electromobility ; polymer configurations ; polymer mobility ; polymer conduction ; dispersive transport ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The statistical conformations of a length of polymer chain, such as DNA, trapped in a void within a gel under the influence of an external electric field, have been studied by the method of Green's functions. Based upon a rectangular box approximation for the void shape, the method gives an explicit analytical expression for the end-to-end distance (Rx) as a function of applied field strength, number of chain segments coiled within the void, and size of a chain segment. Results of calculations show that the field compresses the entrained coil into more compact configurations, as would be expected. Such compression is believed to affect the electrophoretic mobility of a long chain molecule like DNA in a dilute gel. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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