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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 799-807 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new sensor for the continuous determination of ethanol during the production of yeasts, growing aerobically on fermentable sugars, is described. The operating principle is based on the detection of ethanol vapor in the exit air. A description of the sensor with a diagram of the measuring electronics is supplied. It was designed for the determination of ethanol contents up to 3 g/liter in aqueous solutions at 30°C. The sensitivity is very high  -  1 ppm ethanol being detectable under these conditions. The aeration rate dose not affect the output signal in a wide range (0.5-2 v/v/m). Besides the unspecific sensitivity of the sensor to other easily oxidizable substances, the influence of the pO2 in the exit air, however, must be taken into account. The application of the sensor is shown in a fed-batch culture of bakers' yeast where aerobic fermentation is caused by increasing the glucose feed rate.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The physical and corrosion-chemical behaviour of IVa metal alloysThe stability of titanium in respect of non-oxidant acids can be considerably increased by alloying it with Zr, Hf, Nb, Mo or Re. In the case of Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta, a decisive improvement of the corrosion behaviour can only be attained if the At-percentage of these metals in the alloys exceeds 50 pC. In the case of molybdenum, a content from 20 pC upwards has already a markedly passivating effect. But the improvement in corrosion properties must be bought at the price of poorer machinability. A particularly effective alloying metal, even in small quantities, is Rhenium. An excellent corrosion resistance and, at the same time, good machinability can be attained with ternary Ti-Mo-Ta alloys (with Mo + Ta accounting for some 20 At-pC) and with a Ti-12Mo-1Re alloy.The alloying of titanium with Zr, Hf, V, Cr or Mo is apt to cause, in some cases, a considerable deterioration in the scaling resistance of titanium. Improvements can be obtained by using small quantities of Nb, W and particularly Ta. Ti-Ta alloys with Ta contents up to 10 At-pC still have a good scaling resistance at 900° C.
    Notes: Die Beständigkeit des Titans gegenüber nichtoxidierenden Säuren läßt sich durch Zulegieren von Zr, Hf, Nb, Mo und Re z.T. beträchtlich steigern. Bei Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta wird eine entscheidende Verbesserung des Korrosionsverhaltens erst bei Gehalten von mehr als 50 At.-% dieser Metalle in den Legierungen erreicht. Molybdän wirkt schon bei Gehalten ab 20% stark passivierend; die Verbesserung der Korrosionseigenschaften muß aber durch schlechtere Verarbeitbarkeit erkauft werden. Ein besonders wirksamer Legierungszusatz, schon in geringen Mengen, ist das Rhenium. Als ganz hervorragend korrosionsbeständig und gleichzeitig gut verarbeitbar erwiesen sich ternäre Ti-Mo-Ta-Legierungen (Mo + Ta 20 At.-%) bzw. eine Ti-12Mo-1Re-Legierung.Die gute Zunderbeständigkeit des Titans wird durch Zulegieren von Zr, Hf, V, Cr und Mo z. T. ganz wesentlich herabgesetzt. Verbessernd wirken Nb, W und vor allem Ta in geringen Mengen. Ti-Ta-Legierungen mit Ta-Gehalten bis 10 At.-% sind noch bei 900° C gut zunderbeständig.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion behaviour of IVa, Va and VIa metals as well as RheniumIn general, the non-alloyed metals of groups IVa, Va and VIa of the periodic system as well as Rhenium show a high resistance against corrosion by aqueous solutions, diluted acids and alkalis. Among the IVa metals, Hf shows the highest resistance; like the other IVa metals, it is liable to be strongly attacked by hydrofluoric acid only. Titanium however, which has a high resistance against media containing chlorine or chlorides, is liable to corrode slightly at high temperatures when exposed to diluted, nonoxidant acids or alkaline solutions. Titanum has a high resistance to nitric acid only.Among the Va metals, the corrosion resistance increases greatly from V via Nb to Ta. All three metals are liable to be attacked by hydrofluorid acid; but, with the exception of V, they show a high resistance to other acids and to alkalis.Among the VIa metals, Cr ist the only one to be resistant to nitric acid. On the other hand, nitric acid has a moderate effect on W, and a strong effect on Mo. Yet Mo and W have a high resistance to all other acids, including hydrofluoric acid. Alkalis are liable to attack all VIa metals.Rhenium is a metall with high corrosion resistance. It is only attacked by nitric acid a high temperatures, and by alkalis.
    Notes: Die unlegierten Metalle der Gruppen IVa, Va und VIa des Periodensystems sowie des Rheniums zeigen im allgemeinen gute Beständigkeit gegenüber dem Angriff durch wäßrige Lösungen, verdünnte Säuren und Alkalien. Von den IVa-Metallen ist Hf das beständigste; es wird nur, so wie auch die anderen IVa Metalle, von Flußsäure stark angegriffen. Das gegen chlor- und chloridhaltige Medien gut beständige Titan korrodiert jedoch geringfügig bei erhöhten Temperaturen in verdünnten, nicht oxidierenden Säuren und in alkalischen Lösungen. Hohe Beständigkeit hat Titan nur gegen Salpetersäure.In der Reihe der Va-Metalle steigt die Beständigkeit von V über Nb zu Ta stark an. Alle drei Metalle sind in Flußsäure unbeständig, gegen andere Säuren und Alkalien - mit Ausnahme des V - gut beständig.Von den VIa-Metallen ist Cr nur gegen Salpetersäure beständig: W wird dagegen von Salpetersäure mäßig, Mo stark angegriffen; Mo und W sind aber gegen alle anderen Säuren, einschließlich Flußsäure, gut beständig. Alkalien greifen alle VIa-Metalle an.Rhenium ist ein sehr korrosionsbeständiges Metall. Es wird nur won Salpetersäure bei erhöhter Temperatur und von, Alkalien angegriffen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 796-802 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The corrosion of optical glasses often reduces the utility of uncoated glasses as well as the adhesion of resistive coatings deposited onto corroded glasses. Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to study glass surfaces with respect to their surface corrosion. In particular, leaching by the influence of polish slurries, pure water, air and even residual gases inside a vacuum device was studied in detail. Pure quartz glass and different sodium and barium silicate glasses were broken in ultrahigh vacuum (4 × 10-10 mbar) for the determination of sensitivity factors of the different XPS signals. It was found that a quantitative determination of the surface composition of corroded and leached layers is possible by determination of the intensities of the XPS O 1s, Si 2p, Si 2s, B 1s, Na 1s, Na 2s, Na 2p, Ba 3d and Ba 4d signals. After leaching in aqueous solutions, the barium is exchanged by hydrogen via an interdiffusion mechanism, resulting in an enrichment of different hydrogen bonds (H2O/H3O+, OH-, ≡Si—O—H) in the leached layer. An iterative algorithm is shown, which allows, in addition to the content of all other elements, the hydrogen content to be determined quantitatively in the leached layers. Furthermore, the calculation of the density of surface layers becomes possible. For an exact analysis of the leached layers the intensity loss by contamination layers is considered and the calculated density is used to perform matrix-dependent intensity corrections for the attenuation length.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 782-784 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion research on niobium-tantalum alloysFollowing a discussion of the mechanical and electrical properties of niobium, tantalum and their alloys, the corrosion behaviour of these metals in different mineral acids and in potash lye is reported upon. It is shown that tantalum can be largely replaced by niobium through alloying without losing any of its high corrosion resistance to aqueous solutions. This knowledge should lead to a much wider application of the rare and expensive metal tantalum.
    Notes: Im Anschluß an eine Darstellung der mechanischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von Niob, Tantal und deren Legierungen wird über das Korrosionsverhalten dieser Metalle in verschiedenen Mineralsäuren und in Kalilauge berichtet. Es wird gezeigt, daß Tantal durch Legieren weitgehend durch Niob ersetzt werden kann, ohne an seiner sehr guten Korrosionsbeständigkeit in wäßrigen Lösungen einzubüßen. Diese Erkenntnis dürfle zu einer erheblich breiteren Anwendung des seltenen und teueren Metalls Tantal führen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1825-1832 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The wavelength dependence of photodegradation of three “high temperature” aromatic polyamide polymers has been very accurately determined by means of a fast grating spectrograph used in conjunction with a high pressure xenon arc. One of these polymers, the poly-(isophthalamide) of 4,4′-bis(p-aminophenyl)-2,2′bithiazole, was found to be degraded significantly by visible light, especially that of 4140 Å, wavelength. Both the poly-terephthalamide of 1,3-bis(3-aminobenzamide) benzene and Du Pont Nomex, also an aromatic polyamide, were damaged primarily by radiation in the near ultraviolet region. Degradation band maxima for these polymers were observed at 3700 Å, and 3600 Å, respectively. All three thermally resistant polymers were thus found to be degraded by light of much longer wavelength than that which is harmful to other common polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 39 (1926), S. 1093-1098 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 40 (1927), S. 1115-1116 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 40 (1927), S. 1411-1412 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 34 (1921), S. 561-563 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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