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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (11,422)
  • SPACE SCIENCES
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (11,422)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Teilchengrößenbestimmung bei Polyvinylchlorid-LaticesVortrag auf dem Internationalen Symposium „Polymer dispersionen“ vom 4. bis 6. September 1978 in Dresden/DDR (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 31 (1980), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of the particle size in PVC latices at average particle diameters smaller than 40 nm is achieved by ultracentrifugation combined with strioscopic detection. Bimodal distributions having maxima above and below 40 nm can be characterized by ultracentrifugation and separate detection by turbidimetric and strioscopic methods. Ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy, light scattering and turbidimetry provide comparable particle diameters of monomodal latices for corresponding average values.
    Notes: Die Bestimmung der Größe von PVC-Latexteilchen mit mittleren Teilchendurchmessern kleiner 40 nm gelingt durch Ultrazentrifugation mit schlierenoptischer Detektion. Bimodale Latices mit Verteilungsmaxima oberhalb und unterhalb 40 nm können durch Ultrazentrifugation und getrennte Detektion mittels Trübungsmessung und Schlierenoptik charakterisiert werden. Ultrazentrifugation, Elektronenmikroskopie, Lichtstreuung und Trübungsmessung führen bei monomodalen Latices für vergleichbare Mittelwerte zu gleichen mittleren Teilchendurchmessern.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1980.010310510
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The particle size of latexes from dispersion polymerization of styrene using poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomer as a polymerizable stabilizer (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3575-3583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: latexes ; dispersion polymerization ; styrene ; PEO macromonomer ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The particle sizes and their size distributions of latexes from the dispersion polymerization of styrene using a small amount of ω-methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)n undecyl-α-methacrylate macromonomer (PEO-R-MA-40) as a polymerizable stabilizer in ethanol-water media have been studied. Monodisperse or/and nearly monodisperse latex particles from 0.1 to 1 μm in diameter were readily obtained. The diameter of latex particles follows the relationship Dvad ∝ θ0.33 [PEO-R-MA-40]-0.60 [styrene]01.02 [AIBN]o-0.09, where θ is the fractional conversion of styrene. Except for the styrene concentration dependency, this relationship is in excellent agreement with the model developed by Paine11 and modified by Kawaguchi et al.13 When the surface composition of the grafted PEO macromonomer on the latex particles exceeded 16% as analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the particles were nearly monodisperse. In terms of polymerization, this occurred around 18% conversion of styrene. Beyond this critical state of polymerization, the latex particles grew bigger with more PEO macromonomer-styrene copolymers situated on the particle surface. The effect of various factors on the particle size distribution is also discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3575-3583, 1997
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kunststoffe im Automobilbau - Anwendung und Wiederverwertung (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 22 (1991), S. 275-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19910220710
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Struktur-Wirkungs-Prinzipien von Korrosionsinhibitoren für die Rohöl- und ErdgasförderungHerrn Prof. Dr. W. Hilger zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1989)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 629-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure efficiency relationships of corrosion inhibitors for oil and gas productionStructure efficiency relationships for quarternary ammonium compounds as corrosion inhibitors for oil and gas production were investigated in the system mild steel/aqueous NaCl solution (5 weight%, CO2 saturated) at T = 298 K and T = 343 K by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss measurements. In-situ EIS measurements rapidly gave relatively accurate results on differential inhibitor efficiencies. Composition, thickness and inhibitor content of the inhomogeneous 3-D protecting layers formed on highly pure iron surfaces were determined by XPS measurements. The inhibition mechanism of the inhibitor used could be determined by its distribution within the 3-D protecting surface layer and is interpreted in terms of the interphase inhibition concept.
    Notes: Struktur-Wirkungs-Prinzipien von quartären Ammoniumverbindungen als Korrosionsinhibitoren für die Rohöl- und Erdgasförderung wurden anhand von Elektrochemischer Impedanz Spektroskopie (EIS) und Gewichtsverlustmessungen in Systemen C-Stahl/wäßrige NaCl-Lösung (5 Gew.%, CO2-gesättigt) bei T = 298 K und T = 343 K untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß in-situ EIS Messungen rasch relativ genaue Resultate über differentielle Inhibitorwirksamkeiten liefern. Aus XPS Untersuchungen an Oberflächen aus Reinsteisen ließen sich Zusammensetzung, Dicke und Inhibitorgehalt der sich auf dem Substrat bildenden inhomogenen 3-D Deckschichten bestimmen. Der Wirkungsmechanismus des verwendeten Inhibitors konnte aus seiner Verteilung innerhalb der 3-D Deckschicht mit dem Konzept der Interphaseninhibition gedeutet werden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19890401102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proof of the charging of polypeptides and polyamides in organic acids (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 661-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrophoresis of poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate (PBLG), poly-L-alanine (PLA) and nylon dissolved in various solvents was studied in a glass cell containing three sintered glass partitions. After the passage of a measured amount of charge the concentration of PBLG remained constant in all four chambers when the helicogenic solvents dimethylformamide and ethylene dichloride were used, but in mixtures of ethylene dichloride and dichloroacetic acid and in trifluoroacetic acid, polypeptide migrated to the cathode. Electrophoresis also occurred with PLA in trifluoroacetic acid and with nylon in formic acid. Although the total charge on the polyion could not be determined, the results show beyond reasonable doubt that polypeptides and polyamides are protonated in the presence of moderately strong organic acids.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1972.360110311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of deposits on high water content contact lenses (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 261-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Deposits on soft contact lenses of high water content were investigated morphologically and chemically and compared with those on conventional soft contact lenses of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The material of the lenses examined in this investigation was the crosslinked copolymer of methyl methacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone with a water content higher than 70%. Morphologically, the deposits on the lenses with high water content were found to have no characteristics distinguishable from those on conventional lenses. By the electron microscopic observation of the cross section of a lens that had become opaque, it was confirmed that the deposit was on the lens surface and that no deposit was within the lens. Some spots on the lenses were recognized as colonies of microorganisms, but the majority of the spots had no involvement by microorganisms. Surface analysis with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) confirmed that the main component of the filmy deposit was protein. Protein was detected in most of the deposits. The amino acid compositions of the proteins were found to be close to that of lysozyme. From the elemental analysis of several spots, silicon, aluminum, iron, and some other elements were detected. The structural analysis of some spots by a laser Raman microprobe (MOLE) revealed the existence of lipids. In several cases, the deposits were found to have grown around a defect of the lens surface. A mechanism for the formation of deposits is suggested.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820170205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS studies of the thermal behaviour of passivated Zircaloy-4 surfacesPaper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Quantitative Surface Analysis held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK, 18-20 November 1986. (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 11 (1988), S. 502-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The composition and the chemical states of components of Zircaloy-4 (zirconium alloy) surfaces were studied in the temperature range between room temperature and 500°C. Each sample was kept at constant temperature (25, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500°C) for up to 16 hours. The changes of composition and chemical states of the Zircaloy-4 surface during heating were monitored by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Originally, the components form well-defined layers elucidated by angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). In contrast to depth profiling using ion sputtering, ARXPS is non-destrutive. However, it is applicable for layers of up to a few nanometres thickness only.The experiments showed a decomposition of the ZrO2 coverage above 200°C accompanied by oxygen diffusion into the bulk. These processes lead to the reduction of ZrO2 to metallic zirconium on the surface at 300°C and higher temperatures. The oxygen diffusion into the bulk was indicated by AES depth profiles. The layered structure observed up to a heating temperature of 200°C could not be seen at higher temperatures. After Zr metal appears at the surface during the heating process, a reaction with the adsorbed hydrocarbons takes place, leading to the formation of zirconium carbide.Though the depth resolution of an AES depth profile does not permit identification of layers with thicknesses in the nanometre region, the temperature-dependent behaviour of oxyen is reflected by its AES profiles, showing features in accordance with the results from ARXPS, especially with respect to the fact that well-defined layers vanish above 200°C.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740111003
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of low-energy noble-gas ion scattering to the quantitative surface compositional analysis of binary alloys and metal oxides (1998)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 26 (1998), S. 537-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: low-energy ion scattering ; quantification ; alloys ; metal oxides ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-energy noble-gas ion scattering (LEIS) probes the outermost atomic layer of a material, but a quantitative compositional analysis of this layer is not straightforward. It is demonstrated that quantification by calibration can be done, assuming that ion fractions and shielding effects are the same for the reference sample and sample of interest. These assumptions are critically evaluated and LEIS experiments on binary alloys and metal oxides are presented that can partly verify these assumptions. The LEIS measurements of a Cu-Au alloy and CuO powder as a function of initial energy indicate the absence of matrix effects in the ion fractions after scattering from the metal atoms in these systems. In metal oxides, shielding of surface metal atoms by shadowing/blocking and ion neutralization by neighbouring atoms can significantly influence the quantification of the metal atom concentration and is determined by the local atomic arrangement as illustrated by LEIS experiments of CuO and ZnO samples. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS and ISS examinations of electrode surfaces and passive layers with a specimen transfer in a closed system (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 9 (1986), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The application of UHV surface analytical methods to the study of electrodes and surface layers may be affected by changes introduced by contact with the laboratory atmosphere. Therefore, a specimen preparation and transfer in a closed system with its specifications is described. Three examples of its application are discussed: the examination of the electrode - electrolyte interface on Cu and the study of the formation of passive anodic oxides on Fe and on Fe—Cr alloys in 1 M NaOH.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740090603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-active Ziegler-Natta catalysts on polymeric supports for the manufacture of injection moulding polyethylene (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 41 (1990), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Immobilisierung von Ti-Mg-Ziegler-Natta-Katalysatoren auf polymeren Trägern aus linearem und vernetztem Polystyren wird beschrieben. Die Katalysatoren werden zur Homopolymerisation von Ethylene im Suspensionsproveß bei 0.84 MPa und 358 K eingesetzt. In Gegenwart von Wasserstoff als Molmassenregler wird Spritzgußpolyethylen in hoher Ausbeute erhalten. Der Einfluß verschiedener Trägerparameter auf katalytische Aktivität, Schmelzindex und Schüttdichte des Polymerisats wird untersucht.
    Notes: Polymeric supports on the base of linear and crosslinked polystyrenes have been used in this work for the immobilization of Ti-Mg Ziegler-Natta complexes. The resulting catalysts are tested in the homopolymerization of ethylene in a suspension process at 358 K and a total pressure of 0.84 MPa. By use of hydrogen for molecular weight control, injection moulding polyethylene in good yield is obtained. Influences of support parameters on a catalytic activity, melt flow index, and bulk density are studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1990.010411203
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