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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in chemical process design and synthesis II. Optimal synthesis of dynamic process systems with uncertainty (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 539-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concept of the optimal synthesis of dynamic process systems with uncertain parameters is introduced. A structure parameter approach is used to theoretically derive the necessary condition for the optimal performance system structure, and an effective algorithm for implementing the synthesis method is presented. The results are applied to the optimal synthesis of a reactor-separator system for the dynamic start-up of two reaction systems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220318
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal design and control in a class of distributed parameter systems under uncertainty-application to tubular reactor with catalyst deactivation (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 561-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Unpredictable variations in the values of plant parameters around their nominal values are often encountered in actual operation of process plants. In order to assure that process performance meets specifications, it is preferable to design and control the process, taking into account the uncertainty in the values of the plant parameters. In this paper, a method to minimize the maximum decrease in the process performance caused by the hypothetical worst parameter variations is proposed. Necessary condition for the worst parameter variations is derived for a class of distributed parameter systems by means of the maximum principle, and then the method for obtaining the optimal design and control subject to the worst parameter variations are discussed. The method is applied to the design of a tubular reactor associated with catalyst activity decay. The reactor obtained is fairly insensitive to the variations in the process parameters while maintaining fairly good performance even at the nominal values of parameters.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180316
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of phenols and aromatic amines from wastewater by a combination treatment with tyrosinase and a coagulant (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 304-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: phenol ; substituted phenol ; tyrosinase ; immobilization ; chitosan ; coagulant ; immobilized enzyme ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Removal of phenols and aromatic amines from industrial wastewater by tyrosinase was investigated. A color change from colorless to darkbrown was observed, but no precipitate was formed. Colored products were found to be easily removed by a combination treatment with tyrosinase and a cationic polymer coagulant containing amino group, such as hexamethylenediamine-epichlorohidrin polycondensate, polyethleneimine, or chitosan. The first two coagulants, synthetic polymers, were more effective than chitosan, a polymer produced in crustacean shells. Phenols and aromatic amines are not precipitated by any kind of coagulants, but their enzymatic reaction products are easily precipitated by a cationic polymer coagulant. These results indicate that the combination of tyrosinase and a cationic polymer coagulant is effective in removing carcinogenic phenols and aromatic amines from an aqueous solution. Immobilization of tyrosinase on magnetite gave a good retention of activity (80%) and storage stability i.e., only 5% loss after 15 days of storage at ambient temperature. In the treatment of immobilized tyrosinase, colored enzymatic reaction products were removed by less coagulant compared with soluble tyrosinase. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of chlorophenols from wastewater by immobilized horseradish peroxidase (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 51 (1996), S. 126-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: chlorophenol ; peroxidase ; immobilization ; magnetite ; immobilized enzyme ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on magnetite and removal of chlorophenols using immobilized enzyme were investigated. Immobilization by physical adsorption on magnetite was much more effective than that by the crosslinking method, and the enzyme was found to be immobilized at 100% of retained activity. In addition, it was discovered that horseradish peroxidase was selectively adsorbed on magnetite, and the immobilization resulted in a 20-fold purification rate for crude enzyme. When immobilized peroxidase was used to treat a solution containing various chlorophenols, p-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol, each chlorophenol was almost 100% removed, and also the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) reached more than 90%, respectively. However, in the case of soluble peroxidase, complete removal of each chlorophenol could not be attained, and in particular, the removal of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was the lowest, with a removal rate of only 36%. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubilizing water involved in protein extraction using reversed micelles (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: reversed micelle ; extraction ; solubilizing water ; AOT ; protein ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The extraction of protein using reversed micelles was investigated in relation to the amount of solubilizing water in the reversed micellar organic phase. The minimal concentration of amphiphilic molecule di-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate (C20H37O7Na) (AOT) required for 100% cytochrome c extraction was recognized. This critical AOT concentration increased with protein concentration in the aqueous phase. On this minimal AOT condition, the molar ratio of solubilizing water to extracted protein was found to be a constant of 3500 under CKCI = 1.0 × 102 mol · m-3 in this system. This ratio means the hydrophillic surroundings required for extracting one protein molecule into the micellar organic phase under the suitable pH and salt concentration for the forward extraction. In this regard, AOT molecules seemed to take the part of water solubilizing agent in the reversed micellar extraction. This role of AOT is important to extract protein under the suitable pH and salt concentration. The amount of solubilizing water in the protein-containing system was larger than in the protein-free system. This difference shows that the water molecules accompany the extracted protein into the reversed micellar organic phase at constant ratio 2200 under CKCI = 1.0 × 102 mol · m-3, i.e., accompanying water molecules per one extracted protein. The minimal AOT concentration increased with ionic strength. On this minimal AOT condition, the molar ratio of solubilizing water to extracted protein also increased with ionic strength, so that in higher ionic strength, more solubilizing water was required. Then more AOT was required to provide the hydrophillic surroundings for protein. The pH affected the minimal AOT concentration required for 100% protein extraction.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of phenols from wastewater by soluble and immobilized tyrosinase (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 854-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: phenol ; tyrosinase ; immobilization ; chitosan ; immobilized enzyme ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An enzymatic method for removal of phenols from industrial wastewater was investigated. Phenols in an aqueous solution were removed after treatment with mushroom tyrosinase. The reduction order of substituted phenols is catechol 〉 p-cresol 〉 p-chlorophenol 〉 phenol 〉 p-methoxyphenol. In the treatment of tyrosinase alone, no precipitate was formed but a color change from colorless to dark-brown was observed. The colored products were removed by chitin and chitosan which are available abundantly as shellfish waste. In addition, the reduction rate of phenols was observed to be accelerated in the presence of chitosan. Tyrosinase, immobilized by using amino groups in the enzyme on cation exchange resins, can be used repeatedly. By treatment with immobilized tyrosinase, 100% of phenol was removed after 2 h, and the activity was reduced very little even after 10 repeat treatments. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420710
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Affinity extraction of proteins with a reversed micellar system composed of Cibacron Blue-modified lecithin (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58 (1998), S. 58-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: affinity extraction ; crude soybean lecithin ; reversed micelles ; Cibacron Blue F-3GA ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Crude soybean lecithin was used as a novel surfactant to form reversed micelles in n-hexane. Cibacron Blue F-3GA (CB) was directly immobilized to the reversed micelles by a two-phase reaction. The reversed micellar system without CB showed low solubilizing capacity for low molecular weight proteins, lysozyme, and cytochrome c due to the weak electrostatic interactions. The introduction of CB significantly increased the solubilization of lysozyme because of its affinity binding to CB but showed no effect on the solubilization of cytochrome c since it did not bind to CB. Although bovine serum albumin had an affinity for CB, it was not extracted to the reversed micelles containing CB because its high molecular weight resulted in a significant steric hindrance effect. Thus the reversed micellar system had a high selectivity resulting from both biospecific and steric hindrance effects. The extraction yield of lysozyme decreased significantly with increasing ionic strength. Therefore, the back extraction of lysozyme was carried out using a stripping solution with an ionic strength of 0.865 mol/L. The overall recovery yield of lysozyme after back extraction could be increased to 87% by stripping for 2 h. The recovered lysozyme exhibited an activity equivalent to native lysozyme, and its secondary structure was also unchanged. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:58-64, 1998.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of prenylated flavonoids using fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 67-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 6- and 8-prenylated flavanones were distinguishable from each other by means of their fast-atom bombardment (FAB) spectral patterns, while the corresponding electron ionization spectral patterns were very similar to each other. It was suggested that 6- and 8-prenylated flavonoids can, in general, be distinguished by means of FAB.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wasserabsorptionseigenschaften natürlicher polyionenkomplexe (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 235 (1996), S. 57-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: As the cationic component of natural polymer polyionic complexes, polysaccharide chitosan or polypeptide polylysine, and as the anionic component, polysaccharide carboxymethyl cellulose (=CMC) or polypeptide poly(glutamic acid) (PGA) were used. The degree of chitosan/CMC or polylysine/PGA complex film swelling was minimum, when the amounts of the cationic and anionic groups in these polymers were balanced at 1 : 1 ratio. On the other hand, the degree of chitosan/PGA film swelling was minimum at the ratio with excess of PGA which is a linear flexible chain. Comparing the enthalpies estimated by DSC analysis, it was suggested that the larger quantity of water in the form of nonfreezable bound water was absorbed in the complex films with polysaccharide which is a chain of ring structure. Further, the compressive moduli of swollen complex films were high, when the complex consisted of polysaccharide components.
    Notes: Die Wasserabsorptionseigenschaften natürlicher Makromoleküle, die als kationische Aminogruppen das Polysaccharid Chitosan oder das Polypeptid Polylysin und als anionische Carboxygruppen das Polysaccharid Carboxymethylcellulose oder das Polypeptid Polyglutaminsäure (PGA) enthalten, wurden untersucht. Bei Kombinationen von Polysacchariden oder Polyaminosäuren untereinander zeigten Gemische mit einem Ionenverhältnis von 1 : 1 die geringste durch Wasser hervorgerufene Quellung. Demgegenüber fand sich im Falle von Chitosan/PGA-Gemischen bei Zusammensetzungen mit PGA-Überschuß ein Minimalwert, während die Polyaminosäuren eine strukturell verhältnismäßig freie räumliche Anordnung einnahmen.Durch Vergleiche der durch DSC-Analyse bestimmten Enthalpien wurde bestätigt, daß die Komplexe mit Pyranose-Ringstrukturen enthaltenden Filmkomponenten größere Mengen Wasser in Form von nicht ausfrierbarem Wasser halten können. Ferner ergab ein Vergleich der mechanischen Festkörpereigenschaften, daß sich bei Zusammensetzungen der Komplexe mit großen Mengen an Polysacchariden eine Tendenz zu einem erhöhten Elastizitätsmodul zeigt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052350106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and morphological study of fractionated poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxypropionic acid) (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 3539-3557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal and morphological characteristics of fractionated poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co3-hydroxypropionic acid)s (P(3HB-CO-3HP)) with narrow comonomer compositional distribution, as well as the natural poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (P(3HB)) and chemosynthetic poly(β-propiolactone) (PPL) were studied by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). It is seen that melting point (Tm), heat of fusion (ΔH) and glass transition temperature (Tg) decrease with the increase of the content of 3HP units up to 60.5 mol-%. Employing 13C NMR in the solution, the sequence distributions of the fractionated copolyesters were revealed not to be in accordance with the results of the random statistical model. The carbonyl IR absorption bands were further resolved by curve fitting into several components stemming from the bond stretchings in the different molecular environments known as the amorphous, crystalline and intermediate regions. It is demonstrated that the contributions which belong to the crystalline regions show intrinsic absorption peaks at 1724.0, 1723.8 and 1729.1 cm-1 for P(3HB), P(3HB-CO-3HP)s and PPL, respectively. In the case of P(3HB-CO-3HP)s, the relative intensities of contributions originating from the crystalline regions decrease with the increase of 3HP units up to 60.5 mol-%. However, only the P(3HB) type of lattice structure is formed despite the variation of the 3HP unit content. Moreover, the effect of the substrates (silicon wafer and KBr) used for preparation of the IR samples on the crystallization behavior was also investigated.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1997.021981118
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