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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleate boiling site activation by vapor injection (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1229-1230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310724
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dielectric behavior of glassy amorphous polymers at 2.45 GHz (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1110-1121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric behavior of glassy thermoplastic polymer in the microwave frequency range was investigated. Specifically, the relationship between energy absorption and temperature for several thermoplastic systems was examined to test the theoretical basis for heating under microwave irradiation. Irradiation under traveling and standing wave conditions were explored. The heating rate versus temperature data at a frequency of 2.45 GHz yielded a microwave calorimetry procedure for examination of the dielectric and relaxation behaviors. Correlations were drawn between (a) the apparent activation energy and the critical temperature, and (b) the shape of the dielectric spectra at 2.45 GHz and its shape in the kHz region. WLF relationships were examined for glassy thermoplastics to show the difference in changing activation energy with temperature.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331704
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic ideas of microwave processing of polymers (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1092-1109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The objective of this effort has been to investigate the relationship between polymer structure and microwave absorptivity. Dielectric loss factor, ε″, loss tangent, tan δ, and oscillator strength, (εS -- ε∞), were used to evaluate potential material processability under applied microwave radiation. Numerous polymeric materials varying in chemical and physical structures were irradiated in a low power (≤ 100W) electric field at 2.45 GHz. Electromagnetic radiation was applied as either traveling or resonant wave modes in cylindrical and rectangular waveguides. In general, heatability was found to be a direct function of the dielectric loss dispersion dependence on temperature and frequency. The dielectric loss factor obtained at low frequency measurements was found to be directly proportional to the heatability of polymers. A WLF plot was used to predict the shift of dielectric loss maxima into or out of the microwave frequency range.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331703
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microwave processability of semicrystalline polymers (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1122-1131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The overall objective of these studies was to investigate the relationship between polymer structure and microwave absorptivity. In this paper, the microwave processing of semicrystalline polymers such as poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), nylons, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), via a cylindrical resonance wave cavity and a rectangular standing wave applicator is described. These polymeric materials were irradiated in low power (〈 50W) electric fields at 2.45 GHz. Silicone flexible molds were necessary for improved processing of nylons and PEEK at temperatures below their Tc Rapid heating rates were observed between the glass transition temperature, Tg, and the melting temperature, Tm, for all these polymers provided that Tc was exceeded. Both dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and dielectric thermal analysis (DETA) spectra were utilized to predict the heating phenomena between amorphous and semicrystalline materials and to explain the rapid crystallizing rate of PEEK. above its glass transition temperature. Correlations were drawn between (a) the apparent activation energy and the critical temperature (Tc) and (b) the shape of the dielectric spectra at 2.45 GHz and its shape in kHz region.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331705
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of nucleation sites in pool boiling (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1605-1613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The behavior of active boiling site populations was monitored for pool boiling on an electrically heated 1-mil stainless steel sheet. The boiling sites were located using a high-speed infrared camera focused on the underside of the boiling surface. Experiments were conducted to determine factors affecting the origin, concentration, and lifetime of active sites.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690311004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torque rheometer evaluation of polypropylene process stability (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method of treating torque rheometer test data has been developed. First, it involves converting the torque values measured over a range of temperatures to torques corresponding to a constant reference temperature. Then the log of the calculated torques is plotted against time. The method has been applied to several polypropylene grades, and the effects of numerous test variables have been explored. Correlations have been developed between torque rheometer data and fundamental polymer properties of viscosity and molecular weight. The method should also be applicable to polymers other than polypropylene.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limiting surface tension by gas chromatography (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 434-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The change in retention mechanism at the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a polymer stationary phase from surface adsorption below Tg to bulk sorption above Tg allows for a separate determination of the magnitude of the solute interaction with both the bulk and the surface of the polymer. As a result, the limiting surface tension of the polymer-probe solution can be obtained from the corresponding partition coefficients. Examples of such determinations are given for several polymer-solute systems.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170703
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rigid poly(vinyl chloride) compound with improved combustion characteristics (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 549-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: By means of compounding, we have developed a rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) formulation with improved overall combustion properties. Newly developed analytical methods indicate a considerable reduction in the level of gases released during combustion, in addition to excellent flammability characteristics and low visible smoke emission levels. The analytical methods discussed are expected to aid in the selection of a feasible protocol for biological testing and in the interpretation of results obtained from such testing. The under-lying compounding technology is currently restricted to normal impact rigid PVC cube compounds but expected to be expanded into high impact PVC, flexible PVC, PVC powder compounds and cellular PVC.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760180702
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of miscible binary blend interaction parameters measured by different methods (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 676-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Miscible blends of the polyhydroxy ether of bisphenol-A, Phenoxy, with a series of aliphatic polyesters were studied using melting point depression analysis and sorption to obtain the Flory-Huggins polymer-polymer interaction parameter, B. The B values obtained from these measurements were found to agree well in sign, magnitude, and variation with ester repeat structure and to also agree well with B values measured calorimetrically for mixtures of low molecular weight compounds with structures which are analogous to those of the polymers. These comparisons suggest that the same mechanisms are responsible for the exothermic heats of mixing measured directly for the analog compounds and indirectly for the miscible polymer blends. For this general system, evidence is provided which suggests that hydrogen bond formation between the hydroxyl group on Phenoxy and the ester moiety is probably responsible for the exothermic interactions and polymer blend miscibility observed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Submicron patterns in substituted polystyrene resists by focused-ion-beam lithography (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 941-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Submicron lines in negative working, substituted polystyrene resists by focused-ion-beam lithography were demonstrated. These features were transferred into an underlying molybdenum layer by plasma etching using the resist as an etch mask, with the minimum continuous line having a width of 0.20 μm.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231705
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