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  • Springer  (67)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (13)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Rifampicin ; induction of drug metabolism ; cirrhosis ; cholestasis ; hexobarbital kinetics ; tolbutamide kinetics ; plasma concentrations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven patients with hepatic cirrhosis or cholestasis were treated with rifampicin for 7 to 132 days. Ten patients received hexobarbital (7.32 mg/kg) and five received tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) by i.v. infusion prior to and after rifampicin treatment; plasma concentrations of the two test compounds were determined during and after infusion. The average elimination half-life of hexobarbital had decreased from 624 to 262 min and that of tolbutamide from 292 to 160 min following rifampicin treatment. It was calculated that the metabolic clearance of hexobarbital had increased more than two-fold and that of tolbutamide almost two-fold. The results suggest that rifampicin is able to stimulate hepatic drug metabolism in patients with liver disease. It was apparent in general that the induction did not lead to improvement of hepatocellular function during disease as judged by laboratory findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hexobarbital ; cholestasis ; phenobarbital ; rifampicin ; phenytonin ; pharmackoinetics ; drug metabolism ; induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of intravenously infused hexobarbital was studied in 10 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and in 9 with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The results were compared with those obtained in 16 healthy young volunteers and 5 older patients with normal liver function. After infusion, the plasma concentrations showed a rapid initial decline (α-phase) and subsequently a slower decrease (β-phase). The half-life of a latter phase was 323±84 min in the healthy group, 357±151 min in the patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and 344±115 min in the group with biliary obstruction; the clearances were 3.41±0.90, 4.08±1.95 and 3.81±1.97 ml×min−1×kg−1, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. The mean volume of the central compartment of distribution and the steady state volume of distribution were not significantly different. In two patients hexobarbital clearance during cholestasis was greater than after it had subsided. After treatment of 11 patients with cholestasis with drug metabolism-inducing agents (phenobarbital, rifampicin or phenytoin), the half-life of hexobarbital was significantly shortened and the mean value of hexobarbital clearance was more than doubled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 301-306 
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract SnO2 gas-sensor films were modified by implantation of gold and iron ions. The change in electrical resistivity of the films caused by inflammable gases, H2, CO, CH4 and C2H5OH, was measured in the temperature range 100–500°C, and compared to non-implanted films. The morphological changes caused by gold and iron ion implantation were also investigated by atomic force microscopy. After ion implantation and annealing at 600°C, the sensitivity to H2 and CO gas was found to increase, and the dynamic range of the sensitivity to ethanol was improved. The sensitivity to CH4 was low before and after ion implantation. Fe2O3 (3%SnO2) film was also modified by gold ion implantation for comparison.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Anchorage-dependent cells (mouse fibroblasts L929 and 3T3) were cultivated on microstructures made by semiconductor technology. Both cell lines showed normal growth on silicon surfaces covered with microelectrode arrays as well as on microperforated silicon membranes with square pores made by anisotropic etching (5, 10 or 20 μm edge length at the top and 1.2, 6.2 or 16.2 μm at the bottom). The cells spread over the 5 and 10 μm pores, but mostly failed to cover the 20 μm ones. They were able to cross the silicon membrane through the pores and to grow and spread on the under side of the membrane. Small pores (about 1 μm2) impeded but did not prevent cells crossing the membrane. Medium and large pores were freely crossed. Negative dielectrophoresis was used to achieve accurate positioning of cells above pores or to repel them from the chip surface (a.c., square wave, 2.5 V peak-to-peak, 5 MHz). The results are discussed with respect to their microtool applications for single-cell technologies.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 679-682 
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract N-Nitroso-triazine herbicide species were synthesized as reference standards and their reaction products were separated by TLC. The method was established for analytical as well as for preparative amounts to achieve a sufficient separation between the educts, the byproducts and the N-nitrosated moieties. Separation of the reaction mixture was performed by two-dimensional TLC, using different mobile phases for each dimension. In the second dimension two developments were executed using the same solvent mixture. To examine the quality of performance, the separation zones were scrapped off, extracted and analyzed in the HPLC-diode array detection (DAD) mode in comparison with standards of the educts and the products of their N-nitrosation. This method minimizes the contact with the resulting N-nitroso compounds. At present nothing is known about the toxicological relevance or risk assessment on human health of N-nitrosocyanazine or N-nitrosoterbuthylazine species. Therefore the practical handling of these putative mutagenic and carcinogenic substances should be seen under the aspect of precaution and prevention of contamination.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 366 (2000), S. 444-448 
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The development of a new methodology for the construction of very efficient flow cells for mercury detection by potentiometric stripping analysis, employing the thin gold layer of recordable CDs as working ¶electrode is reported. This new source of electrodes (CDtrodes) show very attractive performance, similar to that obtained with commercial gold electrodes, with superior versatility. The low cost of this new source of “gold electrodes” allows a frequent replacement of the electrode, avoiding cumbersome clean-up treatments. Various experimental parameters have been optimized to yield low detection limits (0.25 ng/mL of mercury for 5 min deposition at 0.3 V) and good precision (standard deviation of 1.9% was obtained for 15 repetitive measurements using 10 ng/mL of mercury). Standard curves were found to be linear over the range of 0.5–100 μg L–1 of mercury. The flow cells developed were used for the quantification of mercury in oceanic and tap water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 29 (1982), S. 416-421 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 219-227 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Rifampicin ; induction of drug metabolism ; hexobarbital kinetics ; tolbutamide kinetics ; plasma concentrations ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five healthy volunteers took 1.2 g rifampicin daily for 8 days, and before and afterwards each received hexobarbital (7.32 mg/kg) and tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) by i.v. infusion on two consecutive days. The plasma concentrations of the two drugs were determined during and after infusion. The average elimination half-life of hexobarbital had decreased from 325 to 122 min and of tolbutamide from 418 to 183 min following rifampicin treatment. It was calculated that the metabolic clearance of hexobarbital had increased about three-fold and that of tolbutamide more than two-fold. Significant changes in the distribution kinetics of the two drugs were not observed. The results suggest that rifampicin is capable of inducing drug metabolism in man, which leads to an increased rate of elimination of drugs that undergo biotransformation in the liver.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 1 (1964), S. 163-169 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 80 (1949), S. 749-758 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die untersuchten Chlorex-n-Alkoholsysteme zeigen hohe endotherme Mischungswärmen, die sich mit steigender Temperatur noch vergrößern. 2. Bei den niederen Alkoholsystemen treten Volumkontraktionen, bei den höheren Volumdilatationen auf. 3. Das System Chlorex-Methanol ist in flüssiger Phase unbeschränkt mischbar; sämtliche anderen Alkoholsysteme besitzen Mischungslücken. Die KLT-Werte steigen mit wachsendem Molgewicht des Alkohols an, und zwar ab C3H7OH ziemlich regelmäßig oszillierend. 4. Mit steigendem Molgewicht der Alkohole verschieben sich die ΔH max-Werte in das Alkohol-reichere, dagegen die ΔV max- und KLT-Werte ins Chlorex-reichere Gebiet. Die Systemreihen n-Alkohole-Benzol und n-Alkohole-n-Hexan weisen ganz ähnliche Anomalien auf, die offenbar in der Assoziation und dem mit der Temperatur veränderlichen Assoziationsgrad der Alkoholkomponente begründet sind. 5. Chlorex stellt für die niederen n-Alkohole ein selektives Lösungsmittel dar, währendAnilin mit denselben Alkoholen (bis C8H17OH) in flüssiger Phase unbeschränkt mischbar ist.
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