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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Pressure on the Spontaneous Inflammation of Hydrocarbons (1934)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 133 (1934), S. 105-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] NEARLY a year ago we investigated the conditions of spontaneous inflaniniation in mixtures sof pentane and oxygen at pressures from 5 cm. to 140 cm. by admitting the gases into an evacuated metal vessel. We were not satisfied with the data obtained, since the experimental points showed ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/133105a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limits of Gaseous Explosions. (1931)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 128 (1931), S. 1040-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT was stated long ago that the kinetics of gaseous reactions do not submit to the laws of classical physical chemistry. In particular, deviations from the law of mass action are best of all illustrated by the presence of the pressure limits for a thermal ignition. The lower limit was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1281040a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical Phenomena in the Oxidation and Self-Inflammation of Hydrocarbons (1935)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 135 (1935), S. 655-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN 1933 Townend and Mandlekar1,2,3 discovered a new phenomenon in the self-inflammation of mixtures of air and hydrocarbons. They showed that on reaching a certain pressure there was a sharp reduction (100°–200° C.) in the inflammation temperature. Similar effects occur in oxygen ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/135655a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-Knocks and Pro-Knocks in the Combustion of Fuels (1937)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 139 (1937), S. 798-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is well known that anti-knocks in concentrations of 0.1–0.2 per cent are capable of eliminating detonation completely, whilst they are without influence on the normal combustion regime. This is explicable on the chemical theory of detonation1,2,3, according to which detonation ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/139798b0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innovative Methods for a Deconvolution of XPS Spectra from Plasma-oxidized Polyethylene (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to study the chemical effects of oxygen plasma treatment on polyethylene films. A comparison of previous investigations shows that the simple deconvolution by curve-fitting leads to contradictory results. For a deconvolution we used innovative methods. The maximum entropy algorithm leads to a valid identification of chemical states. A proper consideration of the background shows that a linear background is not appropriate. For this reason, we used a model for an insulator loss function which was inspired by the loss function calculated from optical data. The model depends on four parameters which were included in the fitting process. The background calculation was performed according to the method of S. Tougaard and co-workers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined depth profile analysis with SNMS, SIMS and XPS: Preferential sputtering and oxygen transport in binary metal oxide multilayer systems (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Depth profile measurements of binary metal oxide multilayer systems have been performed by combined SIMS, SNMS and XPS. The combination of data about the particle fluxes and thus the bulk stoichiometry by SNMS, the ionic fluxes by SIMS, and the surface composition and the oxidation state of the metals by XPS provides a detailed insight into the mechanism of preferential sputtering in these systems. We present results on the systems Al2O3/TiO2 and SiO2/HfO2. The signal behaviour at the interfaces cannot be explained by preferential sputtering alone, but must include an oxygen transport mechanism due to chemical driving forces. By comparison of these systems with four other multilayer systems, we have developed a model of combined preferential sputtering and oxygen transport which accounts for the experimental results. The investigated systems can be classified according to their metal/oxygen sputter yield ratio, the degree of preferential sputtering, and the heat of formation of the oxide.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral Noise Distortion in Photoelectron Spectroscopy by Acquiring Data with Multidetector Systems (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 823-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: photoelectron spectroscopy ; statistical noise ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Acquiring data with multidetector systems leads in many cases to spectral distortion. The reason is the possible misfit in the energy separations of the detectors and the chosen energy step width. We present formulae for calculating the spectral distortion from the distances of the single detectors for two different methods of data treatment. From the formulae we can estimate the spectral distortion for typical conditions. Numerical simula-tions show that both methods affect not significant the resolution for typical conditions. The partitioning of the collected data between energy channels can result in a reducing of the noise to 30% of the true noise. We present a general formula for calculating this smoothing effect caused by the apportioning method, which is important for a correct statistical treatment of such distorted spectra. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Neidenführsche Intensivsystem (1905)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 18 (1905), S. 1814-1818 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19050184604
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Niedenführsche Intensivsystem (1906)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 19 (1906), S. 474-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19060191107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Stickstoffrage. Eine Studie; Beilage z. Jahresber. d. Städt. Gymnasiums zu Berlin 1908. Von Dr. Rob. Huber. Verlag Stämpfli & Co. 116 Seiten (1909)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 22 (1909), S. 331-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19090220713
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