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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pilot-and production-scale containment of cytotoxic and oncogenic fermentation processesPresented at the 184 th American Chemical Society National Meeting Division of Microbial and Biochemical Technology. Kansas City, Missouri, September, 1982. (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 860-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Proper design of fermentation facilities and equipment modification can control the risks associated with largescale production and purification of microbially produced cytotoxic agents and oncogenic viruses. The primary biohazard risks to operators and the environment are generation of aerosols and accidental spills. Fermentation and recovery facilities can be constructed to contain these agents by installing fermentation equipment within a HEPA-filter-exhausted biological barrier. Within this barrier system, large-scale processing that generates potentially hazaradous areosols (filtration, centrifugation of transformed cells or crystal slurries, and banding of viruses) should be isolated from other operations. Isolation of equipment is often required, with provision for both chemical and biological decontamination of process wastes. Failsafe fermentor over-pressure sensors, parallel exhaust gas filtration, welded transfer lines, and modified sampling systems for elimination of aerosols can be installed on most fermentation equipment. Aerosol and spill containment by proper equipment design, coupled with appropriate personnel protective equipment and medical monitoring, make possible safe production of experimental growth factors and viruses from large-scale culture of transformed mammalian cells and production of cytotoxic antitumor antibiotics.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260808
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Properties of O-Glycosyl Calix[4]Arenes (Calixsugars)This trivial name refers to calixarene derivatives in which one or more mono- or oligosaccharide moieties are bound to either the upper or lower rim by O-or C-glycosidic bond. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 3 (1997), S. 1774-1782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: calixarenes ; carbohydrates ; glycosylations ; host-guest chemistry ; Mitsunobu reaction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Model O-glycosylation reactions at either rim of calix[4]arenes are described with the aim of providing access to a new family of carbohydrate-containing calixarene derivatives named calixsugars. One or two sugar moieties (D-mannofuranose and D-glucopyranose) were introduced at the lower rim of the parent calix[4]arene by glycosylation of the phenolic hydroxyl groups by means of a Mitsunobu reaction. Tetrapropoxy calix[4]arenes bearing two or four hydroxymethyl groups at the upper rim were coupled with perbenzoylated thioethyl D-galactoside and D-lactoside in the presence of the thiophilic promoter copper(III) triflate. In this way β-linked bis- and tetrakis-O-galactosyl calix[4]arenes were obtained in good yield, the latter showing some solubility in water. For the O-lactosyl derivatives only the bis-substituted compound could be obtained because of the competing formation of an intramolecular ether linkage between 1,3-hydroxymethyl groups. Preliminary binding studies showed some affinity of the galactose-containing calixsugars toward charged carbohydrates and dihydrogen phosphate anion.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19970031108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel cyano-containing copolymers of vinyl esters for piezoelectric materials (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2341-2347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: piezoelectric ; pyroelectric ; cyano-containing copolymers ; methyl vinylidene cyanide ; Lewis acid ; acrylonitrile ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of a series of novel cyano-containing copolymers is described. Alternating copolymers of acrylonitrile with vinyl esters are obtained by increasing the electrophilic character of the nitrile monomers by complexation with zinc chloride. Copolymers of methyl and ethyl α-cyanoacrylates with vinyl esters are prepared using radical initiators in the presence of 7% acetic acid as inhibitor for anionic polymerization. The copolymers of methyl α-cyanoacrylate with the vinyl esters have Tg's above 140°C. Methyl vinylidene cyanide (MVCN) copolymerizes spontaneously with para-substituted styrenes to yield copolymers with high inherent viscosities and high Tg (160°C) and the copolymer of MVCN with vinyl acetate is also synthesized. The pyroelectric constants p for these polymers were measured and the values of p for the copolymers of vinyl acetate with methyl β,β-dicyanoacrylate, methyl α-cyanoacrylate, or MVCN were in the same range as the well-studied vinylidene cyanide/vinyl acetate copolymer. A higher concentration of dipoles generally results in higher Tg's and higher pyroelectric coefficients. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080301107
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Structure of Chiral Cone Calix[4]arenes Functionalized at the Upper Rim with L-Alanine Units (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 897-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Calixarenes ; Chiral hosts ; Amino acids ; L-Alanine ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthetic routes were developed to link L-alanine methyl ester or L-alanyl-L-alanine methyl ester at the upper rim of calix[4]arenes blocked in the cone conformation. Several tetra- (3 and 6) and difunctionalized (11 and 12) amino acids containing macrocycles were obtained. Reaction of these compounds with hydrazine gave the corresponding hydrazido derivatives 4, 13, and 14, while the hydrolysis of 3 with LiOH produced the tetraacid 5 whose lithium salt is water soluble at neutral pH. The structural properties of all amino acids containing calix[4]arenes were studied by mono- and bidimensional 1H NMR experiments. The X-ray crystal structure of the difunctionalized receptor 11 shows three different conformations in the solid state, none of them having intrachain hydrogen bonding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of the craniocaudal continuation of the glycogen body (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 163 (1980), S. 45-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An ultrastructural analysis of the chicken glycogen body and its craniocaudal continuation areas shows a continuum of astroglial cell types. Characteristic glycogen body astroglia are confined to the classically defined body located in the chicken lumbosacral spinal cord. These are large cells which have an eccentric dark nucleus surrounded by a rim of dense cytoplasm which contains the usual complement of organelles. The remainder of the cell volume is occupied by alpha and beta glycogen particles interspersed with a flocculo-granular material continuous with the main cytoplasmic mass. Astroglial cells of continuation areas usually have a light cytoplasm and a centrally placed nucleus. They contain beta glycogen particles of varying sizes, but like the glycogen body cells, may have beta particles as large as 45 nm. Such particles, which resemble four leaf clovers in shape, are suggestive of an ordered substructure. Gliofilaments are not always conspicuous in astroglial perikarya, but large numbers of them are present in the processes. Although the continuation areas are mostly confined to gray matter regions, the contained astroglial processes exhibit circular, triangular, or cylindrical shapes and form an unpatterned mosaic. Astrocytic processes forming the glia limitans on the anterior and posterior margins of the cord often contain conspicuous amounts of glycogen. The ultrastructural identification of such large amounts of glycogen within the chicken nervous system suggests that it plays a major role in avian neural metabolism.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051630107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A brachial glycogen body in the spinal cord of the domestic chicken (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 148 (1976), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When cervical segments 14 to 15 of the chicken spinal cord are cut transversely and studied by routine histological and histochemical methods, an onion-shaped region, filled with thread-like fibers, if seen to surround the ependymal cells of the central canal and to be bounded laterally by the neural elements of the spinal gray matter. This area is negative for succinic dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and cholinesterase activity, but very strongly periodic acid-Schiff positive. Diastase controls show the positive material to be glycogen. Parasagittal sections through this cervical region and into the upper thoracic cord, show the glycogen-rich region to extend longitudinally throughout the region. Because of its location and histochemical characterization, which, He similar to that of the ventral portion of the glycogen body, the term brachial glycogen budy is proposed for this structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051480103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The craniocaudal extent of the glycogen body in the domestic chicken (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 153 (1977), S. 87-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: All birds have a glial enclosed, glycogen-containing structure in the lumbosacral region of their spinal cords. Recently, a dorsal, central, glycogen-rich area surrounding the central canal in the brachial spinal cord was described in domestic chickens. In order to topographically delineate and histochemically describe this structure, fresh, frozen serial sections of chicken brains and spinal cords were processed for glycogen content, phosphorylase, succinic dehydrogenase and cholinesterase activities. The glycogen-rich area surrounding the central canal in the lumbosacral region is found at all levels of the spinal cord and lower medulla. In the upper medulla, it is located in the midline floor immediately ventral to the ependyma. It persists in this position until the level of the oculomotor complex where it ends. Phosphorylase positive regions closely parallel the glycogen distribution. No succinic dehydrogenase or cholinesterase activities are found in these areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051530106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histochemical study of cervical motor neurons and the posterior latissimus dorsi muscle in normal and dystrophic chickens (1975)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 147 (1975), S. 155-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A chromatolysis study, 14 to 21 days following denervation, showed the spinal cord representation of the nerve to the posterior latissimus dorsi muscle to be in the ventrolateral cell column between cervical ganglia 14 and 15. To characterize cervical neurons not undergoing chromatolysis, histochemical studies were done on the cords of additional nondenervated animals. Staining reactions for beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase and cholinesterase did not reveal any quantitative differences between motor neurons in cervical segments 14 and 15 of normal and dystrophic birds. Motor neurons are positive for beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase, but the surrounding neuropil is positive for the latter only. No pseudochlinesterase activity is found in the ventral horn cells, but true cholinesterase is present in most of the neurons. With the periodic acid-Schiff reaction the dystrophic cords exhibit many neurons with large amounts of glycogen in them. Normal cords examined show either no glycogen positive cells or an occasional ventral horn cell with much glycogen in it. Normal muscles contain less succinic dehydrogenase and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase positive fibers than dystrophic muscle. More periodic acid-Schiff positive fibers are present in normal muscles than in dystrophic muscle. The motor endplates in normal muscle contain only true cholinesterase. Both true and pseudocholinesterase activity is present in the motor endplates of dystrophic muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051470204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum chemical study of the interaction of nitrate anion with water (1998)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 70 (1998), S. 877-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: potential functions ; nitrate anion ; nitrate-water interaction ; nitrate-water cluster geometries ; vibrational frequencies ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction between nitrate anion and water has been investigated by Hartree-Fock calculations with the 6-311+G(d, p) basis set and by B3LYP density functional calculations with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. It is found that the global energy minimum is a planar configuration where both hydrogen atoms of water are coordinated to two oxygen atoms of NO3- by distorted hydrogen bonds. In contrast to former studies on NO3-/H2O this configuration is found to be asymmetric at the highest theoretical level employed. The corresponding structure with C2v symmetry is a saddle point at slightly higher energy. A singly hydrogen-bonded configuration is still about 2.4 kcal/mol higher in energy. The shifts in the vibrational frequencies of water and nitrate upon complexation were calculated. A compact analytical potential function of NO3-/H2O for use in statistical thermodynamic simulations was obtained from 390 points of the energy surface and an intramolecular force field for the nitrate anion is presented.   © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 70: 877-886, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
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    Biomimetic macrocyclic receptors for carboxylate anion recognition based on C-linked peptidocalix[4]arenes (2002)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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