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  • National Academy of Sciences  (164)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (46)
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  • 1
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    The former annotated human pseudogene dihydrofolate reductase-like 1 (DHFRL1) is expressed and functional [Biochemistry] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-14
    Description: Human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was previously thought to be the only enzyme capable of the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate; an essential reaction necessary to ensure a continuous supply of biologically active folate. DHFR has been studied extensively from a number of perspectives because of its role in health and disease. Although the presence of a number of intronless DHFR pseudogenes has been known since the 1980s, it was assumed that none of these were expressed or functional. We show that humans do have a second dihydrofolate reductase enzyme encoded by the former pseudogene DHFRP4, located on chromosome 3. We demonstrate that the DHFRP4, or dihydrofolate reductase-like 1 (DHFRL1), gene is expressed and shares some commonalities with DHFR. Recombinant DHFRL1 can complement a DHFR-negative phenotype in bacterial and mammalian cells but has a lower specific activity than DHFR. The Km for NADPH is similar for both enzymes but DHFRL1 has a higher Km for dihydrofolate when compared to DHFR. The need for a second reductase with lowered affinity for its substrate may fulfill a specific cellular requirement. The localization of DHFRL1 to the mitochondria, as demonstrated by confocal microscopy, indicates that mitochondrial dihydrofolate reductase activity may be optimal with a lowered affinity for dihydrofolate. We also found that DHFRL1 is capable of the same translational autoregulation as DHFR by binding to its own mRNA; with each enzyme also capable of replacing the other. The identification of DHFRL1 will have implications for previous research involving DHFR.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Mouse model of anaplastic thyroid cancer [Medical Sciences] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-23
    Description: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has among the worst prognoses of any solid malignancy. The low incidence of the disease has in part precluded systematic clinical trials and tissue collection, and there has been little progress in developing effective therapies. v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) and tumor protein...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling laws and the differential equations of an entrained flow coal gasifier (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A formal order of magnitude analysis was applied to the differential equations describing mass, momentum, and energy transport in an axially translating, vortex flow field and used to determine the importance of various terms. Significant dimensionless parameters, suitable for establishing scaling laws, appear naturally from the equations. Among the important parameters are the swirl number, geometric scale ratio, Froude number, and particle loading ratio. These parameters were combined to establish rules for complete similarity between a model and a prototype gasifier.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240107
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of gases through surfactant films: Interfacial resistance to mass transfer (1979)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 1015-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is proposed for mass transfer of gases across surface-active films and into an aqueous phase. The interfacial region (1) obeys local equilibrium conditions, (2) has a capacity for the dissolved gases greater than the solubility in water, and (3) has a diffusion coefficient three orders of magnitude less than for that in water. The model is solved for and compared with three different experiments: the transient diffusion through monomolecular films into quiescent liquids studied by Plevan and Quinn (1966), the gas absorption through surfactant films into falling liquid films investigated by Emmert and Pigford (1954), and the frequency response of concentration pulses in surfactant films reported by Whitaker and Pigford (1966). The model consistently describes these experiments previously explained by three different models that either ignored the capacitance of the film or assumed local non-equilibrium.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690250613
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Konstitution einiger in Quecksilber aufgelöster Metalle (1914)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 88 (1914), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19140880113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Konstitution des wasserhaltigen Thallichlorids (1904)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 42 (1904), S. 100-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19040420106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über das an Quecksilber reichste Lithiumamalgam (1912)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 74 (1912), S. 172-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19120740118
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die relative Beständigkeit bzw. die Konstitution der verdünnten Amalgame der Alkali- bzw. Erdalkalimetalle (1908)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 58 (1908), S. 381-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Hauptresultate der vorliegenden Arbeit lassen sich folgenderweise zusammenfassen:Es wurde gezeigt: 1Dass die Untersuchungen von RAMSAY TAMMANN u. a. nur lehren, daß in deren verdünnten Quecksilberlösungen die Alkali-bzw. Erdalkalimetalle entweder in Form der Einatomigkeit, oder aber in Form von Verbindungen, die nur ein Atom des amalgamierten Metalles im Molekül enthalten, in Quecksilber gelöst vorliegen;2dass in deren (auch verdünnten) Quecksilberlösungen jene Metalle wirklich in Form solcher im Quecksilber gelösten Verbindungen vorliegen;3dass die Beständigkeit der Merkuride von K, Rb und Cs bzw. von Ca, Sr und Ba, der entsprechenden Triad der zweiten Gruppe des periodischen Systems, mit deren Atomgewichten, d. h., mit deren chemischen Aktivität, zunimmt;
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19080580136
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosensitized cationic polymerization using allyl sulfonium salt (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 1233-1240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The cationic polymerization of cyclic ethers such as cyclohexane oxide (CHO) and vinyl monomers such as butyl vinyl ether (BVE) and N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) is initiated upon irradiation at λ 380 nm in CH2Cl2 solution containing an allylic sulfonium salt, namely, 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-propenylthiophenium hexafluoroantimonate (1) (EMT+SbF6-), and one of the following compounds: benzophenone, anthracene, thioxanthone, perylene or phenothiazine. Electron transfer and hydrogen abstraction mechanisms were proposed for the initiation step. Stable cation radicals of phenothiazine were also prepared, and the cationic polymerization of butyl vinyl ether was initiated by these cation radicals.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1996.021970405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lower valence states of linear polyenes: Locations and identifications (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 29 (1986), S. 875-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The experimental transition energy to the valence Ag state of butadiene is used to validate a subset of the theoretical calculations that have been carried out on this molecule. The validated calculated Ag transition energies of these calculations are then compared with the experimental Bu transition energies to determine the relative state ordering in isolated, unsubstituted butadiene, hexatriene, and octatetraene. The Ag origins are concluded to lie below the Bu origins for all polyenes except butadiene. Experimental confirmation of this conclusion is presented. The extreme breadth of the Ag transition, 1.0 eV, is noted. Some possible implications of this breadth are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560290425
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