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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a variable time-step finite-difference method for the one-dimensional melting problem including the effect of subcooling (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 828-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new numerical method is proposed for the one-dimensional melting problem. Unlike many of the existing numerical techniques which either immobilize the moving interface by a suitable coordinate transformation or search for the moving interface under a fixed grid, fixed-time-step finite-difference formulation, the present method was a fixed grid, variable time-step approach. Each time step in the computation is determined iteratively by requiring that the interface be located at a mesh point, one grid space from the previous interface location.Results of two sample calculations show that the present method is superior to the conventional finite-difference method both in its accuracy and computational efficiency. The formulation is mathematically simple and can be applied with no difficulty to problems with nonplanar geometry and initial subcooling. The present method is applied to the analysis of the melting of a finite slab subjected to a constant heat flux boundary condition. Some interesting effects of initial subcooling on the physics of melting are illustrated and discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690260516
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laminin SIKVAV peptide-induced angiogenesis in vivo is potentiated by neutrophils (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 160 (1994), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Angiogenesis has been investigated in vivo using subcutaneously injected reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) supplemented with angiogenic factors. Previously we found that the laminin-derived synthetic peptide containing SIKVAV (ser-ile-lys-val-ala-val) promoted angiogenesis in vivo. In parallel studies, it was observed that new vessel formation in response to this peptide occurred several days after basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis. Since this delay suggested that SIKVAV-induced angiogenesis may be secondary to other events, we investigated here earlier time points to determine if both indirect and direct mechanisms of angiogenesis are involved. We found that neutrophils are continuously recruited to the SIKVAV-containing plugs between 4 hours to 3 days following the initial injection. By day 7, columns of endothelial cells begin to migrate into the plug and form small blood vessels. In contrast, neutropenic mice had a 62% reduction in SIKVAV-induced angiogenesis when compared to control mice. Freshly isolated neutrophils also degraded laminin, the major component of the basement membrane Matrigel. These cells also produced factors in response to SIKVAV peptide which induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells relative to a control peptide. In vitro experiments utilizing human neutrophils demonstrated that these cells migrate to the SIKVAV peptide and possess a specific cell surface SIKVAV binding protein of ∼56 kD. These data suggest that neutrophils are induced to migrate to the Matrigel plugs, at least in part, by SIKVAV peptide, where they may release their own angiogenic factors and degrade the matrix, thus physically facilitating cell migration and liberating additional angiogenic matrix fragments and/or cytokines. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041600121
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasminogen activators augment endothelial cell organization in vitro by two distinct pathways (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 165 (1995), S. 107-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Endothelial cell differentiation into capillary structures is a complex process that requires the concerted effects of several extracellular matrix proteases, including plasminogen activators. Here, the role of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) was evaluated in an in vitro model of endothelial morphogenesis involving organization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells into tubular structures when they are cultured on the basement membrane preparation, Matrigel. Both uPA and tPA were detected in HUVEC cultures on Matrigel, and inhibitors of plasminogen activators or of serine proteases decreased the extent of the tube network formed by the cells. The decrease resulting from serine protease inhibitors was additive to that from matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors which have previously been shown to decrease tube formation in this model, suggesting that the two classes of proteases modulate tube formation by distinct mechanisms. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAl)-1 decreased tube formation by 50% when added up to 4.5 h after the initiation of an 18 h assay and caused 25% inhibition when added 9.5 h after culture initiation, indicating that the effects of plasminogen activators are not limited to an early event in the differentiation process. Steady-state expression of mRNA for uPA increased during the first several hours of culture on Matrigel, further supporting a role for PA activity throughout the process of tube formation. These findings suggested that PAs may affect multiple events during tube-forming activity. A fucosylated peptide comprising the amino-terminal domain of uPA that binds to the uPA receptor (uPAR) but lacking proteolytic activity enhanced tube formation. In contrast, a defucosylated form of the same peptide had no effect. Since fucosylation of this fragment has been shown to be essential in other models of cell stimulation by uPA-uPAR interaction, these data support the hypothesis that uPA enhances endothelial morphogenesis both through proteolytic activity and via uPAR occupancy. Plasminogen activators could facilitate angiogenesis in vivo. © 1995 Wiley-Liss Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041650114
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth factor regulation of the amylase promoter in a differentiating salivary acinar cell line This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 177 (1998), S. 628-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Salivary glands contain two major epithelial cell types: acinar cells which produce the primary salivary secretion, including amylase, and ductal cells which reabsorb electrolytes but also secrete kallikrein. Here we investigated salivary acinar cell differentiation in vitro using the activity of the salivary amylase and tissue kallikrein promoters as markers of acinar cell and ductal cell differentiation, respectively. Each of the promoter sequences was cloned into a replication-deficient adenoviral vector containing the luciferase reporter gene. Previous studies showed that a human submandibular gland cell line (HSG) differentiated into acinar cells when cultured on a reconstituted basement membrane matrix (Matrigel). The luciferase activity of the amylase promoter vector (AdAMY-luc) was low in HSG cells cultured on plastic, where they grow as an epithelial monolayer. The promoter activity increased approximately tenfold when HSG cells were cultured on Matrigel and developed an acinar phenotype. Under the same conditions, the luciferase activity of the kallikrein promoter (AdKALL-luc) was not induced. Because HSG cells demonstrate acinar cell morphology, but not amylase gene expression, when cultured on laminin-1, certain soluble components of Matrigel were tested for their ability to induce the amylase promoter during in vitro differentiation of acinar cells. We find that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), which are present in the basement membrane, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) increase activity of the amylase promoter. Other basement membrane-derived growth factors such as TGF-β, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PGDF), as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), keratinocyte growth factor (KGH), nerve growth factor (NGF) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were inactive. This system will be further exploited to study the mechanisms by which extracellular matrix molecules and growth factors regulate salivary acinar cell differentiation. J Cell Physiol 177:628-635, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of endothelial cells with a laminin A chain peptide (SIKVAV) in vitro and induction of angiogenic behavior in vivo (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 153 (1992), S. 614-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Endothelial cells are known to bind to laminin, and two peptides derived from the laminin A (CTFALRGDNP) and B1(CDPGYIGSR) chains block the capillary-like tube formation on a laminin-rich basement membrane matrix, Matrigel. In the present study, we have used various in vitro and in vivo assays to investigate the angiogenic-biologic effects of a third active site in the laminin A chain, CSRARKQAASIKVAVSADR (designated PA22-2) on endothelial cells. The SIKVAV-containing peptide was as active as the YIGSR-containing peptide for endothelial cell attachment but was less active than either the RGD-containing peptide or intact laminin. Endothelial cells seeded on this peptide appeared fibroblastic with many extended processes, unlike the normal cobblestone morphology observed on tissue culture plastic. In addition, in contrast to normal tube formation on Matrigel, short irregular structures formed, some of which penetrated the matrix and sprouting was more apparent. Analysis of endothelial cell conditioned media of cells cultured in the presence of this peptide indicated degradation of the Matrigel and zymograms demonstrated active collagenase IV (gelatinase) at 68 and 62 Kd. A murine in vivo angiogenesis assay and the chick yolk sac/chorioallantoic membrane assays with the peptide demonstrated increased endothelial cell mobilization, capillary branching, and vessel formation. These data suggest that the -SIKVAV-site may play an important role in initiating branching and formation of new capillaries from the parent vessels, a behavior that is observed in vivo in response to tumor growth or in the normal vascular response to injury. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041530324
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human T lymphocytes synthesize the 92 kDa type IV collagenase (gelatinase B) (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 157 (1993), S. 644-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order for T cells to exit the circulatory system, traverse the endothelial basement membrane, and arrive in target tissues, these cells must attach to and degrade basement membrane proteins. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been shown to stimulate lymphoid cell adhesion to basement membrane components. We have used TPA to study the ability of human lymphoid cells to secrete type IV collagenases, enzymes capable of degrading basement membrane proteins. Here, we found that human primary T cells and H-9 lymphoid cells synthesize the 92 kDa type IV collagenase (gelatinase B) and TPA stimulates the synthesis and secretion of this protease. Peak TPA-stimulated gelatinase B secretion and mRNA accumulation were observed 9 hours after TPA treatment, while the peak adhesion to type IV collagen was observed only 3 hours after TPA treatment. The protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7, inhibited TPA-stimulated gelatinase B secretion. Both the primary T cells and H-9 lymphoid cells also expressed the mRNA for the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). These data demonstrate that TPA - stimulated lymphoid cells adhere to type IV collagen and subsequently synthesize and secrete gelatinase B and TIMP-1. We conclude that lymphoid cell extravasation may involve cellular employment of adhesion mechanisms prior to degradation of the matrix, which is similar to the process of extravasation used by metastatic cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041570326
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of interferon gamma and alpha on in vitro model of angiogenesis (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 146 (1991), S. 164-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The formation of blood vessels in vivo (angiogenesis) is an important process and is usually initiated in response to injury, tumor growth, or normal tissue development. We have studied the effect of human interferon (IFN) alpha (α) and gamma (γ) on the capillary-like network formation in an in vitro model of angiogenesis using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). When HUVEC cells are plated on Matrigel (reconstituted basement membrane matrix enriched in laminin), a network of capillary like structures (endotubes) rapidly forms. IFN-α enhanced the tube formation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas IFN-γ significantly inhibited the tube formation. In addition, both the enhancement and inhibition of angiogenesis by IFN-α and γ was found to be greater if the cells were pretreated with IFN for 12 hr before plating on the Matrigel. These results suggest that IFN may play an important role in several vascular processes including early stages of wound healing, recanalization of thrombi, tumor growth, metastasis, normal growth, and development.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041460121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of serum, fibronectin, and laminin on adhesion of rabbit intestinal epithelial cells in culture (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: fibronectin ; intestinal epithelial cell adhesion ; laminin ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit intestinal epithelial cells, obtained after a limited hyaluronidase digestion, were incubated in medium with or without calf serum, on bacteriological plastic dishes. The dishes, either plain or coated with an air-dried type I collagen film, were pretreated with medium alone or with medium containing purified laminin or purified fibronectin. Cells did not attach in significant numbers to untreated bacteriological plastic, even in the presence of serum. Cells did attach to collagen-coated dishes, and were judged viable on the basis of their incorporation of radiolabeled leucine into cell protein. Cell adhesion to the collagen substrate increased in proportion to the concentration of serum in the medium, with maximal attachment at 5% serum or greater. Pretreatment of plain or collagen-coated dishes with increasing amounts of fibronectin enhanced cell adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. Either serum, or fibronectin-free serum in the medium enhanced cell attachment to substrates pretreated with cither fibronectin or laminin. Thus, intestinal epithelial cells appear to possess surface receptors for both laminin and fibronectin. The evidence further suggests that calf serum may contain factors, other than fibronectin, capable of enhancing intestinal epithelial cell attachment to collagen substrates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160409
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular and metabolic specificity in the interaction of adhesion proteins with collagen and with cells (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: cell adhesion ; adhesion proteins ; fibronectin ; chondronectin ; collagen substrates ; gangliosides ; cell surface ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Fibronectin mediates the adhesion of fibroblasts to collagen substrates, binding first to the collagen and then to the cells. We report here that the interaction of the cells with the fibronectin-collagen complex is blocked by specific gangliosides, GD1 a and GT1, and that the sugar moieties of these gangliosides contain the inhibitory activity. The gangliosides act by binding to fibronectin, suggesting that they may be the cell surface receptor for fibronectin. Evidence is presented that other adhesion proteins or mechanisms of attachment exist for chondrocytes, epidermal cells, and transformed tumorigenic cells, since adhesion of these cells is not stimulated by fibronectin. Chondrocytes adhere via a serum factor that is more temperature-sensitive and less basic than fibronectin. Unlike that of fibroblasts chondrocyte adhesion is stimulated by low levels of gangliosides. Epidermal cells adhere preferentially to type IV (basement membrane) collagen but at a much slower rate than fibroblasts or chondrocytes. This suggests that these epidermal cells synthesize their own specific adhesion factor. Metastatic cells cultured from the T241 fibrosarcoma adhere rapidly to type IV collagen in the absence of fibronectin and do not synthesize significant amounts of collagen or fibronectin. Their growth, in contrast to that of normal fibroblasts, is unaffected by a specific inhibitor of collagen synthesis. These data indicate the importance of specific collagens and adhesion proteins in the adhesion of certain cells and suggest that a reduction in the synthesis of collagen and of fibronectin is related to some of the abnormalities observed in transformed cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of temperature upon the respiratory quotients of nymphs of the grasshopper, Chortophaga viridifasciata DeGeer, and larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, with reference to changes during hibernation (1934)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 4 (1934), S. 221-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030040206
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