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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 2351-2353 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 587-591 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Using small-angle x-ray (SAXS), neutron (SANS), x-ray diffraction and light scattering, we study the structure of colloidal silica and carbon on length scales from 4 Å 〈 q−1 〈 107 Å where q is the magnitude of the scattering vector. These materials consist of primary particles of the order of 100 Å, aggregated into micron-sized aggregates that in turn are agglomerated into 100 µ agglomerates. The diffraction data show that the primary particles in precipitated silica are composed of highly defective amorphous silica with little intermediate-range order (order on the scale of several bond distances). On the next level of morphology, primary particles arise by a complex nucleation process in which primordial nuclei briefly aggregate into rough particles that subsequently smooth out to become the seeds for the primaries. The primaries aggregate to strongly bonded clusters by a complex process involving kinetic growth, mechanical disintegration and restructuring. Finally, the small-angle scattering (SAS) data lead us to postulate that the aggregates cluster into porous, rough-surfaced, non-mass-fractal agglomerates that can be broken down to the more strongly bonded aggregates by application of shear. We find similar structure in pelletized carbon blacks. In this case we show a linear scaling relation between the primary and aggregate sizes. We attribute the scaling to mechanical processing that deforms the fractal aggregates down to the maximum size able to withstand the compaction stress. Finally, we rationalize the observed structure based on empirical optimization by filler suppliers and some recent theoretical ideas due to Witten, Rubenstein and Colby.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 1357-1359 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 406-408 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In search of new identification methods for terminal semicyclic amidine groups in polyamide 6, a study was made with model compounds to investigate whether the amidine heterocycle could be transformed with CH-acid methylene compounds and primary nitrogen bases in an identifiable form. It was found, that high concentrated hydrazine hydrat changes semicyclic amildines, the type of which is formed in polyamide 6, quantitatively into 2-hydrazino-l-aza-eyelohepten-(I). By the hydrazinolysis of polyamide 6, all amino groups of which were converted into amidine groups, after deamination a rapid decrease of the residual basicity was noted, which could be related to the separation of the amidine heterocycle by intermediate formation of 2-hydrazino-l-aza-cyclohepten-(1). However, this product due to its very small concentration and insufficient stability could not be identified. With CH-acid methylene compounds and ammonia the reaction is only possible when the exocyclic amidine nitrogen is dialkylated. Concluding, from the results obtained, the hydrazinolysis could be the best way for a direct identification and a quantitative determination of terminal semicyclic amidine groups in poly-amide 6.
    Notes: Auf der Suche nach neuen Nachweismethoden für semicyclische Amidinendgruppen in Polycaprolactam wurde an Hand von Modellversuchen geprüft, ob der Amidinheterocyclus durch Reaktion mit CH-aciden Methylenverbindungen und primären Stickstoffbasen in eine nachweisbare Form übergeführt werden kann. Dabei zeigte sich, daß hochprozentiges Hydrazinhydrat semicyclische Amidine des in Polycaprolactam vorliegenden Typs quantitativ in 2-Hydrazino-l-aza-cyclohepten-(l) umwandelt. Bei der Hydrazinolyse von peramidiniertem Polycaprolactam wird ein rascher Abfall der nach der Desaminierung verbleibenden Restbasizität beobachtet und dieser als Abspaltung des Amidinheterocyclus unter inter-mediärer Bildung von 2-Hydrazino-l-aza-cyelohepten-(l) godeutet. Allerdings ist das naturgemäß in sehr kleinen Konzentrationen anfallende Amidrazon wegen seiner Zersetzlichkeit unter den Entstehungsbedingungen nicht direkt nachweisbar. Mit CH-aciden Methylenverbindungen und Ammoniak ist die Abspaltung nur möglich, wenn der exocyclische Amidinstickstoff dialkyliert ist. Nach den bisher vorliegenden Ergebnissen bietet jedenfalls die Hydrazinolyse noch am ehesten Aussicht für einen direkten Nachweis und eventuell auch für die quantitative Bestimmung semicyclischer Amidinendgruppen in Polycaprolactam.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 3947-3949 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1771-1773 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 105 (1972), S. 1446-1455 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Spin Density Distribution in Free Radicals, VIII. Participation of the CC-Triple Bond in the Mesomerism of Phenoxy RadicalsThe preparation and some properties of the alkinyl phenols 3a-f are described. These phenols are dehydrogenated to form the corresponding phenoxy radicals 4, which are studied by e.s.r. spectroscopy. It is evident that there are final spin densities of the odd electron on the acetylenic carbon atoms. Therefore, these may be directly involved in free-radical reactions as is demonstrated for carbon atom 3′ by the dimerization of 4a to give the allenic ether 8a.
    Notes: Darstellung und Eigenschaften der Alkinylphenole 3a-f werden beschrieben. Ihre Dehydrierung ergibt die entsprechenden Phenoxyle 4, die ESR-spektroskopisch untersucht wurden. Es zeigt sich, daß an den acetylenischen Kohlenstoffatomen endliche freie Spindichten auftreten. Daher können an diesen Atomen auch Radikalreaktionen erfolgen, wie die Dimerisierung von 4d zu dem Allenäther 8a für C-Atom 3′ beweist.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 3252-3253 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 819-820 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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