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  • 1
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Increasing evidence suggests that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is involved in bone formation during remodeling. Using a recently cloned human leukemic cell line (FLG 29.1 cells) we demonstrate that these cells synthesize and secrete TGF-β1 and that exogenous or autocrine TGF-β1 can induce the same features of osteoclastic-like cells, exerting its effects through the binding to TGF-β specific receptors. Scatchard analysis of 125I-labeled TGF-β1 to FLG 29.1 cells revealed the presence of a single high affinity binding site with a Kd value of ∼25 pM and a binding capacity of ∼900 sites/cell. Affinity labeling experiments showed that FLG 29.1 cells express type I and type II TGF-β receptors. Stimulation of FLG 29.1 cells with low TGF-β1 doses reduced cell proliferation and increased cell adhesion and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) activity. Pretreatment of FLG 29.1 cells with TGF-β1 caused a significant and dose-dependent response to calcitonin. Northern blot of total mRNA and analysis of the conditioned media (CM) showed that TGF-β1 was synthesized by FLG 29.1 cells. TPA treatment, which induces partial differentiation of these cells, markedly increased TGF-β1 mRNA expression and growth factor release. The majority of TGF-β1 secreted by TPA-treated cells was in its latent form. However, anti-TGF-β antibodies inhibited TGF-β1 and TPA-induced growth inhibition, calcitonin responsiveness, and TRAcP activity, suggesting that the TPA effect is mediated in part by autocrine TGF-β1 and indicating that the cells can activate and respond to the TGF-β that they secrete. These findings support a potential autocrine role for TGF-β1 in osteoclast differentiation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 3223-3237 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An fast and effective error check for the FE stresses, based on the unit load theorem is proposed. The relative stress error is estimated by the relative error between displacements obtained by the unit load theorem and by the FE method. Analytical examples and numerical applications are presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 39 (1998), S. 286-291 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: cytotoxicity ; biomaterials ; standards ; microplate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We investigated the cytotoxicity of different dental materials according to the study protocol adopted by our lab for the screening of new materials. Experimental parameters used in such testing are addressed mainly in documents EN 30993 “Biological evaluation of medical devices, Part 5: Tests for cytotoxicity: in vitro methods” and “Biological evaluation of medical devices, Part 12: Sample preparation and reference materials.” Cells were cultured in microplates and challenged with aqueous extracts of the materials. The assay methods were neutral red- and propidium iodide-uptake assays, both indicative of cell viability and able to provide quantitative data. The observation of contrasting results for one material using the above-mentioned methods raised some concern about the assay system used. With further experimentation, it appeared that a sustained release of volatile substances still present in one extract exerted a toxic effect in neighboring cultures. It is concluded that in the microenvironment of a microplate the distribution of samples cannot be disregarded, as it may be responsible for toxicity cross-contamination. Moreover, the use of more than one single method has to be recommended in cytotoxicity testing, in order to avoid false positive results due to experimental artifacts. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 39, 286-291, 1998.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: leukocytes ; adhesion molecules ; flow cytometry ; polyethylene terephthalate ; pyrolytic carbon ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Leukocyte activation is one test for the evaluation of blood-materials interaction. The expression of adhesion molecules analyzed by flow cytometry provides a simple method to evaluate leukocyte activation by biomaterials: any change in these molecules can be predictive of the inflammatory activity of the materials. In this study the contact between leukocytes and uncoated polyethylene terephthalate or pyrolytic carbon-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET and PET-PC, respectively) was inspected by analyzing whether the expression of some adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte activation, namely LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), Mac 1/CR3 (CD11b/CD18), and LECAM-1 (CD62L) can be modified. By flow cytometry expression of the adhesion molecules can be studied separately on lymphocytes and myeloid cells. The materials tested reduced the total numbers of both leukocytes and neutrophils, although not significantly. Neither PET nor PET-PC changed the expression of the adhesion molecules in lymphocytes: this suggests that no specific immune response is stimulated. On the contrary, statistically significant changes were observed for monocytes and granulocytes: the percentage of cells expressing Mac-1 and the density of such antigens on cell membranes increased while the percentage of LECAM-1 positive cells decreased. Similar changes were observed when the cells underwent the inflammatory stimulus provided by an in vitro challenge with bacterial endotoxin. Our results demonstrated that polyethylene terephthalate activates leukocytes by modifying the expression in neutrophils of the molecules involved in the early phase of the inflammatory response. Even after coating PET with pyrolytic carbon, the ability of this material to activate circulating leukocytes was maintained. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 39, 549-553, 1998.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 299-321 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The stiffness matrix of a beam made of composite superconductor elements is derived. The effects of friction between conductors through the insulation layers are taken into account. Furthermore, the effects of strand transposition of the wires, already studied by the authors, are included in the model.Some applications of the proposed approach to superconductor layouts proposed for the NET (Next European Torus) toroidal and poloidal field coils are shown. These indicate that the effects of slip are not negligible and should be taken into account in a more reliable structural analysis of the coil system. Parametric studies with varying width and heights of the insulation layer have been also carried out and the corresponding diagrams are shown here.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 68 (1985), S. 1617-1623 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetics of Monomolecular Surface Modification of 4-(Trichlorosilylmethyl)benzonitrile on Germanium by Means of FTIR ExperimentsA Fourier transform-attenuated total internal reflection-infrared spectroscopy (FT-ATR-IR) technique is described, which allows to observe the kinetics of monomolecular surface modification on materials which are feasible to total internal reflection experiments in an appropriate wavelength region. First results are reported for the reaction of 4-(trichlorosilymethyl)benzonitrile on germanium. The reaction is slower than expected and is only completed after approximately 4 h.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: cytotoxicity ; impression materials ; addition-type-silicones ; condensation-type-silicones ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Silicones for dental impression largely are used to record the geometry of hard and soft dental tissues. They are considered to be medical devices, and the assessment of cytotoxicity is a necessary step in the evaluation of their biocompatibility. Extracts of six addition-type and six condensation-type silicones have been tested with L929 cells according to the ISO 10993 - Part 5 standard. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by three different methods: neutral red uptake, propidium iodide (PI) staining, and amido black staining. According to the selected specific assay, contact between cells and material extracts was maintained for 24 h in the first series of experiments; then, considering that in vivo application of these materials is restricted to a few minutes, additional experiments were performed after 1 h of cell/extract contact. Analysis of the results showed that the addition-type silicones are nontoxic even when tested after prolonged exposure of the cells to the materials while the condensation-type silicones were cytotoxic at 24 h of incubation. Nevertheless, harm to the patient actually could be negligible, considering its very short time of exposure in vivo. This is supported by our finding that most are not toxic after 1 h. We suggest that the experimental conditions of cytotoxicity testing have to be relevant to the in vivo situation; accordingly, the time of exposure should be designed carefully. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 485-490, 1998.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 345-355 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: Halimeda tuna ; siphonous green algae ; gamete ; flagella ; ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The mature Halimeda tuna spermatozoid was studied under the electron microscope. It is pear-shaped and biflagellate. The nucleus is an uncondensed structure except for a few opaque (chromatin) aggregations and shows a rounded profile. The endoplasmic reticulum is a rather well-developed system of rough cisternae engaged in synthesis and storage of proteins. Free ribosomes are numerous. A large mitochondrial apparatus shaped like a horseshoe lies in the anterior gamete region. Only one single plastid is found, and it exhibits a deeply indented outline, a partially structured matrix, osmiophilic globules, and three to four starch grains. The axoneme pattern is 9 + 2. B tubules show septate lumina. A peculiar structure provided with a three-layered shell covering materials of varying electrondensity lies on the upper surface of both basal bodies. The flagellar root system exhibits a cruciate pattern and sets having an inconstant number of microtubules - ie, three, four, or five.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-03-23
    Description: The general basin and range Apennine topographic characteristic is generally attributed to the presently active normal fault systems, whose long-term activity (throughout the Quaternary) is supposed to have been responsible for the creation of morphological/structural highs and lows. By coupling field geological survey and geophysical investigations, we reconstructed the 3-D geological model of an inner tectonic basin of the central Apennines, the Subequana Valley, bounded to the northeast by the southern segment of one of the major active and seismogenic normal faults of the Apennines, known as the Middle Aterno Valley–Subequana Valley fault system. Our analyses revealed that, since the late Pliocene, the basin evolved in a double half-graben configuration through a polyphase tectonic development. An early phase, Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene in age, was controlled by the ENE–WSW-striking and SSE-dipping Avezzano–Bussi fault, that determined the formation of an early depocentre towards the N–NW. Subsequently, the main fault became the NW–SE-striking faults, which drove the formation during the Quaternary of a new fault-related depocentre towards the NE. By considering the available geological information, a similar structural evolution has likely involved three close tectonic basins aligned along the Avezzano–Bussi fault, namely the Fucino Basin, the Subequana Valley, and the Sulmona Basin, and it has been probably experienced by other tectonic basins of the chain. The present work therefore points out the role of pre-existing transverse tectonic structures, inherited by previous tectonic phases, in accommodating the ongoing tectonic deformation and, consequently, in influencing the structural characteristics of the major active normal faults. This has implications in terms of earthquake fault rupture propagation and segmentation. Lastly, the morpho-tectonic setting of the Apennine chain results from the superposition of deformation events whose geological legacy must be considered in a wider evolutionary perspective. Our results testify that a large-scale basin and range geomorphological feature – often adopted for morpho-tectonic and kinematic evaluations in active extensional contexts, as in the Apennines – just led by range-bounding active normal faults may be actually simplistic, as it could not be applied everywhere, owing to peculiar complexities of the local tectonic histories.
    Print ISSN: 1869-9510
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-9529
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-12-21
    Description: Submarine canyons are known as one of the seafloor morphological features where living cold-water coral (CWC) communities develop in the Mediterranean Sea. We investigated the CWC community of the two westernmost submarine canyons of the Gulf of Lions canyon system: the Cap de Creus Canyon (CCC) and Lacaze Duthiers Canyon (LDC). Coral associations have been studied through video material recorded by means of a manned submersible and a remotely operated vehicle. Video transects have been conducted and analyzed in order to obtain information on (1) coral bathymetric distribution and density patterns, (2) size structure of coral populations, and (3) coral colony orientation with respect to the substrate. Madrepora oculata was the most abundant CWC in both canyons, while Lophelia pertusa and Dendrophyllia cornigera mostly occurred as isolated colonies or in small patches. An important exception was detected in a vertical cliff in LDC where a large Lophelia pertusa framework was documented. This is the first record of such an extended L. pertusa framework in the Mediterranean Sea. In both canyons coral populations were dominated by medium and large colonies, but the frequent presence of small-sized colonies also indicate active recruitment. The predominant coral orientation with respect to the substrate (90° and 135°) is probably driven by the current regime as well as by the sediment load transported by the current flows. In general no clear differences were observed between the CWC populations from CCC and LDC, despite large differences in particulate matter between canyons.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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