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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rearrangement of tubulin, actin, and myosin in cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes of the adult rat (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 291-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; microtubule ; microfilament ; adult ; culture ; cardiac ; myocyte ; immunofluorescence ; antibodies ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Antitubulin, phalloidin. and antimyosin were used to study the distribution of microtubules, microfilaments, and myofibrils in cultured adult cardiomyocytes. These cells undergo a stereotypic sequence of morphological change in which myotypic features are lost and then reconstructed during a period of polymorphic growth. Microtubules, though rearranged during these events in culture, are always present in an organized network. Myosin and actin structures, on the other hand, initially degenerate. This initial degeneration is reversed when a cell attaches to the culture substratum. Upon attachment, new microtubules are laid down as a cortical network adjacent to the sarcolemma and, subsequently, as a network in the basal part of the cell. Actin and then myosin filament bundles appear next, in a pattern corresponding to the pattern of the microtubules. Finally, striated myofibrils are formed, first in the central part of the cell, and subsequently in the outgrowing processes of the cell, A mechanism is suggested by which the eventual polymorphic shape of a cell is related to the shape of its initial area of contact with the culture substratum. Finally, a model of myofibrillogenesis is proposed in which microtubules participate in the insertion of myosin among previously formed actin filament bundles to produce myofibrils.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060306
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential sorting of beta tubulin isotypes into colchicine-stable microtubules during neuronal and muscle differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 21 (1992), S. 313-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: pluripotent P19 EC cells ; immunoblotting ; indirect immunofluorescence microscopy ; microtubule-associated proteins ; MAP2 ; tau ; MAP IB ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells were differentiated along the neuronal and muscle pathways. Comparisons of class I, II, III, and IV beta tubulin isotypes in total and colchicine-stable microtubule (MT) arrays from uncommitted EC, neuronal, and muscle cells were made by immunoblotting and by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. In undifferentiated EC cells the relative amounts of these four isotypes are the same in both the total and stable MT populations. Subcellular sorting of beta tubulin isotypes was demonstrated in both neuronal and muscle differentiated cells. During neuronal differentiation, class II beta tubulin is preferentially incorporated into the colchicine-stable MTs while class III beta tubulin is preferentially found in the colchicine-labile MTs. The subcellular sorting of class II into stable MTs correlates with the increased staining of MAP IB. and with the expression of MAP 2C and tau. Although muscle differentiated cells express class II beta tubulin, stable MTs in these cells do not preferentially incorporate this isotype but instead show increased incorporation of class IV beta tubulin. Muscle cells do not show high levels of MAP IB and do not express MAP 2C or tau. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a subcellular sorting of tubulin isotypes is the result of a complex interaction between tubulin isotypes and MT-associated proteins.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970210407
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Duplication of the flagellar apparatus and cytoskeletal microtubule system in the alga Polytomella (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 122-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; rootlets ; monoclonals ; immunofluorescence ; mitosis ; cytokinesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies to tubulin and to components of the flagellar basal apparatus to examine duplication of the basal apparatus and the microtubule system assembled from it during cell division in the quadriflagellate alga Polytomella. The monoclonal antitubulin, prepared against Polytomella flagellar axonemes, detects Polytomella and mammalian tubulin by immunoblotting. By immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy, it detects all microtubular structures that have been described in Polytomella. One of the antibodies generated using the isolated basal apparatus as immunogen appears to stain four of the eight basal body rootlets and is used in this study to detect early stages in the duplication of the flagellar apparatus. A cytoplasmic microtubule system is present, the elongate morphology of the cell is maintained, and the cells are motile throughout mitosis. The closed mitotic spindle forms perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. During mitosis, the newly formed basal bodies mature and four additional elongating flagella appear. Following mitosis, the eight flagella segregate into two groups, which begin to separate towards opposite poles of the cell. Concomitant with this separation, the rootlets of the parental basal apparatus separate and new rootlets are detected. We suggest that the components of the parental flagellar apparatus are segregated equally to the daughter cells. An interphase cytoskeletal microtubule array is assembled from each basal apparatus, and the morphology of the two cells is progressively established during cytokinesis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishment of a stable, acetylated microtubule bundle during neuronal commitment (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules (acetylated) ; neuronal differentiation ; map 2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two posttranslational modifications of alpha-tubulin, acetylation and detyrosination, are associated with stable microtubule (MT) populations, including those of neuronal processes. We have used a pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line, P19, to investigate changes in MT isotype and stability found in MT arrays during neurogenesis. This cell line has an advantage in that both commitment- and differentiation-related events can be observed. Uncommitted P19 cells have minimal arrays of acetylated and detyrosinated MTs. Following neuronal induction with retinoic acid (RA), indirect immunofluorescence microscopy shows that the first MT modifications occur during commitment and before any morphological change is observed. RA-induced cells initially polymerize a temporarily enlarged population of MTs. Included in this population is a new array of acetylated MTs arranged in a bundle of parallel MTs. This bundle is colchicine-stable, although no MT-associated proteins (MAPs) are detectable using a battery of anti-MAP antibodies. Observation of MT arrays with patterns that are intermediate between the early bundles and short neurites suggests that the acetylated MT bundle subsequently extends to form a neurite. MAP 2 is first detected at about the time of neurite extension. However, at this early stage of differentiation, MAP 2 is not yet limited to dendritic processes. This report provides the first evidence that the stable MTs of mature neurons may be initiated during neuronal commitment.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120306
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of taxol and taxol/hyperthermia treatments on the functional polarization of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 24 (1993), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; MTOC ; centrosome ; pericentriolar material ; cytolytic activity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Immunofluorescence staining, electron microscopy, and (51Cr) cytolytic release assays are used to investigate the effects of taxol and taxol/hyperthermia treatments on the microtubule organization and cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). A 4 h treatment of CTLs with 1 μM taxol results in an extensive reorganization of the microtubule system to form one to a few large microtubule bundles that extend from the centrosome. The Golgi apparatus is not disrupted by this treatment and remains associated with the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC). This microtubule reorganization has no effect on the ability of CTLs to orient their MTOC towards a bound target cell, nor on their cytolytic activity. In control CTLs, not treated with taxol, a mild hyperthermia treatment (42°C, 30 min) results in an aggregation of the pericentriolar material, a loss of MTOC orientation, an inhibition of cytolytic activity, and a disorganization of the microtubule system [Knox et al.: Exp. Cell Res. 194:275-283, 1991]. In contrast, in taxol-treated CTLs the stabilized microtubule bundles are unaffected by such hyperthermia treatment; however, the other effects of hyperthermia appear identical in control and taxol-treated CTLs. These results indicate that a dynamic, radially arranged microtubule array is not required for the functional polarization of CTLs and suggest that a component of the pericentriolar material may play a key role in effecting MTOC orientation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970240206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vimentin dynamics during the mitogenic stimulation of mouse splenic lymphocytes (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Vimentin ; tubulin ; lymphocytes ; stimulation ; mitosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used double immunofluorescence and electron microscopy to examine the distribution of tubulin and vimentin during the stimulation of mouse splenic lymphocytes by the mitogen concanavalin A. In unstimulated cells, vimentin forms a filamentous network partially coincident with the radial pattern of microtubules. In stimulated cells, the numbers of microtubules assembled from the centrosome. When these cells enter mitosis, vimentin is arranged into a filamentous cage enclosing the mitotic apparatus. During cytokinesis, the polar centrosomes are observed at a position adjacent to the midbody and vimentin is detected as an aggregate, similar to that seen prior to mitosis, close to the centrosome in each daughter cell. Using several agents, such as colchicine, colcemid, nocodazole, and taxol, which affect microtubule assembly, we have observed that the vimentin system, although closely related spatially to the microtubule complex in lymphocytes, can still reorganize independently as these cells progress through in the cell cycle. Throughout mitogenic stimulation in the continued presence of taxol, microtubules are reorganized into a few thick bundles while the vimentin system undergoes a sequence of rearragements similar to those observed during normal stimulation. These data suggest that vimentin dynamics may be important in the progression of lymphocytes through the cell cycle in response to mitogen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970080304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Photoisomerisation Reactions of the Cluster [Os3(CO)9(μ3-η2:η2:η2-C6H6)] and Some of its Derivatives (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 252-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: benzene ; benzyne ; osmium clusters ; photochemistry ; polymer films ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The highly efficient photoinduced isomerisation of [Os3(CO)9(μ3-η2:η2:η2-C6H6)] (1) to the previously characterised μ3-benzyne complex [H2Os3(CO)9(μ3-η2:η1:η1-C6H4)] (2) is described. We find that for the more electron-rich clusters [Os3(CO)9-n(PPh3)n(μ3-η2:η2:η2-C6H6)] (n = 1 or 2) the efficiency of the photolytic process is improved. We suggest that photolysis generates a vacant site at osmium (mimicking the inherent coordinative unsaturation of a metal complex) and that this transformation offers a compelling model for the interconversion of associatively and dissociatively chemisorbed benzene. Moreover, we can fine-tune our molecular “work function” (really the separation of HOMO/LUMO energies) by protonation or by phosphine substitution for CO at the metal. Thus, the cation [HOs3(CO)9(μ3-η2:η2:η2-C6H6)]+ does not undergo internal metalation, while photoisomerisation of the electron-rich phosphine derivatives proceeds more readily than for 1. We find that these photolytic reactions are easily monitored by IR spectroscopy for samples suspended in polymethylmethacrylate films under ambient conditions. This method permits “matrix isolation” experiments under ideal conditions. Finally, we speculate that the mechanism of interconversion almost certainly involves the symmetric cleavage of a Os—Os bond (σ-σ* transition) to produce an extremely reactive diradical intermediate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19950010409
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An automated, open-access service to synthetic chemists: Thermospray mass spectrometry (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 632-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) are the major spectroscopic tools used by synthetic organic chemists to monitor the steps of their syntheses. Rapid confirmation of the structure at each synthetic step is vital for efficient progress to the desired product. In many laboratories automated open-access NMR is routine. This often leaves mass spectrometry as a rate-limiting step in structure confirmation. The key information the chemist needs from a mass spectrum is the relative molecular mass (RMM). We have therefore developed an automated, open-access thermospray mass spectrometry service, in which a chemist logs a sample into a queue on the mass spectrometer, and a short time later takes the mass spectrum away. The whole process occurs without any intervention by a mass spectrometrist. This has made mass spectra available as rapidly as NMR spectra, so that chemists can obtain the data they need to confirm synthetic structures within less than two hours.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290080812
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of statistical process control in batch processed PVC compounding (1991)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 13 (1991), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the main Statistical Process Control (SPC) method that is being used by Canada Wire and Cable in the manufacture of their flexible PVC compounds. It outlines the benefits that are being realized by following a systematic approach towards using control charts. By employing SPC as a quality improvement tool, the operation has reduced its costs by an estimated $180,000 per year.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730130312
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    My favorite cell: The lymphocyte at rest and at workThis article is affectionately dedicated to Dr George Setterfield, our recently retired colleague, collaborator and friend, with whom we initiated the studies described in this article. (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 4 (1986), S. 272-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950040610
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